三维有序二氧化硅胶粒膜在垂直基片上的自组装

A method for preparation of particle crystal film constructed trom monodisperse silica colloidal partices in diameter of about 300 nm is reported. The films were prepared from an ethanol suspension by vertical deposition that relies on capillary forces to assemble colloidal crystal particles on a vertical substrate. The 3D ordered films were characterized by transmission spectra and scanning electric microscope (SEM). The effect of evaporation temperature, particle concentration and sintered temperature on the quality of colloidal particle crystal film was investigated.     

Filmwise Condensation Heat Transfer Enhancement with Dropwise and Filmwise Coexisting Condensation Surfaces

Six surfaces were prepared with defferent surface division patterns for the experimental investigationof steam condensation heat transfer characteristics for dropwise and filmwise coexisting(DFC)condensationsurfaces under atmospheric pressure Dropwise condensation(DWC)was promoted with an ultrathin polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)film,which was prepared by the dynamic ion-beam mixed implantation(DIMI)method.The results showed that the condensation phenomena at the intersection between the dropwise andfilmwise condensation regios were quite different for different relative positions of the dropwise and filmwisecondensation regions.The experimental results revealed that the condensation heat transfer characteristics werehighly influenced by the surface division number and the relative area ratio of the dropwise and filmwise conden-sation regions.The impact of thesc findings on heat transfer enhancement mechanism for condensation heattransfer is discussed in detail.     

Preparation of WO_3 thin films by dip film-drawing for photoelectrochemical performance

Here we report the WO_3 thin films on F-doped SnO_2 conducting glass(FTO) substrates which were prepared by using dip film-drawing method. Dip film-drawing was a simple, convenient, economical method and in largescale to prepare photoanodes for future applications. The FTO substrates were dipped in tungstic acid solution then film-drawn included 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 times for prepared different thicknesses of WO_3 thin film photoanodes. Then the photoanodes were employed as the electrodes in photoelectrochemical property measurements, which include scan linear sweep, repeated on/off illumination cycles, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and incident photon to current conversion efficiency, respectively. The results showed that the WO_3 thin films dipped 9 times with 175 nm thicknesses had the best photoelectrochemical performance of 0.067 mA·cm~/(-2) at 1.23 V versus RHE.     

Spray-coated SnO2 electron transport layer with high uniformity for planar perovskite solar cells

SnO₂ has been proven to be an effective electron transport layer(ETL)material for perovskite solar cells(PSCs)owing to its excellent electrical and optical properties.Here,we introduce a viable spray coating method for the preparation of SnO2 films.Then,we employ a SnO₂ film prepared using the spray coating method as an ETL for PSCs.The PSC based on the spray-coated SnO₂ ETL achieves a power conversion efficiency of 17.78%,which is comparable to that of PSCs based on conventional spin-coated SnO₂ films.The large-area SnO₂ films prepared by spray coating exhibit good repeatability for device performance.This study shows that SnO₂ films prepared by spray coating can be applied as ETLs for stable and high-efficiency PSCs.Because the proposed method involves low material consumption,it enables the low-cost and large-scale production of PSCs.     

Homogeneous Co3O4 film electrode with enhanced oxygen evolution electrocatalysis via surface reduction

Homogeneous NaBH_4-reduced Co_O_4 thin film electrodes with enhanced oxygen evolution electrocatalysis were obtained via a controlled-synthesis route.Firstly CoOx colloids were synthesized via ethylene glycol solvothermal method and cast on conductive glass substrates.The oxygen evolution reaction(OER) electrocatalysis of these asprepared Co_3O_4 thin films were then significantly enhanced via a simple surface reduction by NaBH_4 solution.The OER catalytic performance of the NaBH_4-reduced thin films was strongly dependent on the NaBH_4 concentration.The use of NaBH_4-reduced thin film electrodes for OER in alkaline solution supported higher current density and consequently negative shifts of the onset potential compared to that of the pristine.The optimal B_(12.5,20)-Co_3O_4 thin films exhibited excellent OER catalytic performances:At the current density of 10 mA·cm~(-2),a low overpotential of 365 mV and a small Tafel slope of 59.0 mV·dec~(-1) were observed.In addition,these B_(12.5,20)-Co_3O_4 thin film electrodes possessed good stability that can well recover its OER performance in a 24-h chronoamperometric stability test.     

The combined effects of lysozyme and ascorbic acid on microstructure and properties of zein-based films

Edible zein-based films containing lysozyme(LY) and ascorbic acid(AA) were developed in the presence of polyethylene glycol 400(PEG 400), the combined effects of LY and AA on the microstructure, mechanical properties and release properties of developed zein films were investigated in detail. The results of microstructure characterization indicated that zein-based films became compact and smooth, and LY aggregates were well distributed in the zein matrix because of the simultaneous addition of LY and AA. The results of mechanical tests showed that because of the synergistic effects of LY and AA on zein film, elongation at break of zein-based film could be up to 138%, which was 34.5 times higher than that of zein control film. LY release tests showed that when the concentration of AA was less than 3.1 mg·cm~(-2), the release rate of LY significantly decreased by 33.7%, and the total release increased by 80.6%. While the release profiles of AA showed that the release rate and total release of AA from the films containing LY increased by approximately 68.9% and 61.7% than the films without LY. Good antioxidant and sustained antimicrobial activities were found for the developed zein films.     

基于单气泡非稳膜机理的相际传质模型

A gas-liquid mass transfer model based on an unsteady state film mechanism applied to a single bubble is presented. The mathematical model was solved using Laplace transform to obtain an analytical solution of concentration profile in terms of the radial position r and time t. The dynamic mass transfer flux was deduced and the influence of the bubble size was also determined. A mathematical method for deducing the average mass transfer flux directly from the Laplace transformed concentration is presented. Its accuracy is verified by comparing the numerical results with those from the indirect method. The influences of the model parameters, namely, the bubble size R, liquid film thickness δ, and the surface renewal constant s on the average mass transfer flux were investigated. The proposed model is useful for a better understanding of the mass transfer mechanism and an optimum design of gas-liquid contact equipment.     

SEBS三嵌段共聚物膜的形态研究

Surface morphologies of the films of poly [styrene-b-（ethylene-co-butene）-b-styrene] （SEBS） have been studied by using tapping-mode atomic force microscopy （TM-AFM）. The films of block copolymer were prepared both by spin-coating on mica and by solvent-casting on different solution surfaces. For spin-coating samples, the effect of solution concentration, solvent, and annealing temperature are investigated. It is shown that changing the concentration of the solution makes no difference on the morphology of the film of the block copolymer. The microstructures are quite stable during thermal annealing; only the size of the domains changes toward the equilibrium configuration. However, solvent annealing can notably change the microstructures. When different selective solvents are used for film spin-coating, different morphologies can be obtained and explained by the different solubility parameters of the solvents. As expected, significant different morphologies in the top and the bottom surfaces of the casting films were observed. The images of the top surfaces reveal cylinder microdomains, while those of the bottom surfaces were spherical morphologies.     

A NEW METHOD FOR ACHIEVING DROPWISE CONDENSATION (Ⅱ) NEW SURFACE MATERIALS FOR DROPWISE CONDENSATION

Technology of ion-plating and ion-beam mixing was employed to prepare surface alloys on copper tubes. Elements chosen for the purpose are Cr, Fe, Al, N, Bi, Sb, Sn, Se and In. Excellant dropwise condensation of steam was then obtained on some external surfaces of these copper tubes and the mechanism for the dropwise condensation was analysed.The surface characteristics of the Cu-Cr and Cu-Fe alloy layers were analysed by using XPS, AES and AES-PRO of PHI-550 multiple function electron spectroscopy.     

用于VOC回收的PVDMS-Al2O3中空纤维复合膜

Sorption isotherm of chloroform in polyvinyl dimethylsiloxane （PVDMS） polymer film was measured via the gravimetric method, and this film was confirmed experimentally to be good membrane material to recover chloroform from gas stream with high sorption capacity. A new PVDMS-Al2O3 composite hollow fibre membrane was further prepared by coating a PVDMS film on the outer surface of Al2O3 hollow fibre porpous substrate prepared by a dry/wet phase inversion method. Microstructure of the composite membranes was examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, indicating the PVDMS coating layer was uniform, free of defects, and around 15μm thick. Performance of the PVDMS-Al2O3 composite hollow fibre membranes for chloroform recovery was investigated. By comparing the experimental data that derived from a mathematical model, the permeabilities of chloroform and nitrogen in the PVDMS polymer membrane were obtained. The effects of temperature and feed flow rate on the chloroform recovery and permeate concentration were investigated both experimentally and theoretically.     

高疏水纳米二氧化硅薄膜的制备

溶胶凝胶方法制备高疏水薄膜,加入胶体二氧化硅粒子和TMCS控制薄膜表面粗糙度和表面化学性质。薄膜表面具有很大的表面粗糙度,使薄膜体现出很好的疏水性能。同时这种方法能够实现一步法大面积不规则镀制,具有一定实用价值的薄膜。     

高疏水纳米二氧化硅薄膜的制备

溶胶凝胶方法制备高疏水薄膜,加入胶体二氧化硅粒子和TMCS控制薄膜表面粗糙度和表面化学性质。薄膜表面具有很大的表面粗糙度,使薄膜体现出很好的疏水性能。这种方法能够实现一步法大面积不规则镀制薄膜,具有一定的实用价值.     

Corrosion inhibition of magnesium by combined zirconia silica sol-gel films

The inhibition of Mg (AZ91D) corrosion by thin sol-gel films was studied. The sol-gel films were prepared by the traditional acid or base-catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation, and finally deposited by dip coating. Two different sol-gel monomers were used: phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMOS) and zirconium(IV)tetra-1-propoxide (ZrTPO). Films were made of each of the individual monomers and by depositing first a PTMOS film followed by ZrTPO-based film. The corrosion inhibition of the films and their characterization were examined by different methods including potentiodynamic polarization, contact angle measurement, adhesion test, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).We found that while the ZrTPO-based film did not show a significant corrosion inhibition, the PTMOS-based film provided moderate protection. Interestingly, the combined film exhibited superior corrosion inhibition as compared with the other films.     

聚合物表面性能对强化冷凝传热的影响

对离子束动态混合注入(DIMI)技术制备的黄铜、紫铜、不锈钢和碳钢管基聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)表面的冷凝传热实验发现,用不同加工条件制备的表面具有不同的化学组成、不均匀的表面状态以及不同的物理化学性质,从而导致不同的冷凝成滴面积和传热性能,而且表面加工条件对滴状冷凝传热的寿命有至关重要的作用,不同基体材料应有不同的最佳制备工艺条件.不同工艺条件下制备黄铜基PTFE表面水蒸气竖直管外冷凝传热通量比相应的膜状冷凝提高0.3-4.6倍,冷凝传热系数提高1.6-28.6倍.实验结果也表明冷凝表面基体材料对冷凝传热性能有一定的影响.     

Iodine-loaded poly(silicic acid) gellan nanocomposite mucoadhesive film for antibacterial application

Iodine-loaded poly(silicic acid) gellan nanocomposite film was fabricated and evaluated for antibacterial properties. Poly(silicic acid) nanoparticles were synthesized by condensation of silicic acid under alkaline conditions in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, phosphate ions, and molecular iodine. The nanoparticles were incorporated into gellan dispersion to prepare gellan nanocomposite film using the solvent casting method. The nanocomposite films were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction studies. The results of characterization studies indicated improved thermal stability and an increase in the degree of crystallinity. The scanning electron micrographs and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum confirmed the uniform dispersion of silica and iodine in the nanocomposite films. The analysis of physical and mechanical properties revealed the enhanced tensile strength, moisture resistance, and higher folding endurance of poly(silicic acid) gellan nanocomposite films as compared to gellan film. Further, the iodine-loaded poly(silicic acid) gellan nanocomposite films showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and effective mucoadhesive strength. The results indicate that iodine-loaded poly(silicic acid) gellan nanocomposite mucoadhesive film can be used for potential antibacterial applications in pharmaceuticals.     

Deposition of hybrid 3-GPTMS's film on AA2024-T3: Dependence of film morphology and protectiveness performance on coating conditions

This paper describes the elaboration of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (3-GPTMS) films onto AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy for corrosion protection.The dependence of sol–gel morphology on both precipitation under cathodic polarization and nitrate incorporation was investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Once added into silanization solution, sodium nitrate promoted the reaction of silane condensation and enhanced the film compactness.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results (EIS) indicated that doping silane film with NaNO₃ ameliorated its barrier property and protectiveness. Silane films applied onto AA2024-T3 surface by using potentiostatic method, exhibited obviously higher corrosion resistance than those obtained by conventional “dip-coating” method. The resistance of coating is accentuated when not very negative potential was applied.     

滴膜共存表面强化冷凝传热

<正>滴状冷凝具有很高的传热速率,其冷凝传热系数是膜状冷凝的几倍至几十倍,但是,由于长期维持滴状冷凝表面制备技术的限制,该技术距工业化应用还有一定的距离,在滴状冷凝的研究过程中,经常发现滴膜共存冷凝现象,而且传热系数较普通的膜状冷凝有较大的提高,在以往的实验研究中,往往不能肯定地排除蒸汽中有机杂质的影响,滴膜共存表面的实验研究也间接地证实了蒸汽中是不含有机杂质的,滴膜共存表面也是强化冷凝传热很实用的技术,是滴状冷凝传热过程全面工业化的过渡阶段.所以,研究滴膜共存表面强化冷凝传热的特性具有重要的理论意义和实用价值.Kumagai等报道了在竖平面上垂直分割的滴膜共存表面上冷凝传热的实验.结果表明,当滴状冷凝区和膜状冷凝区的面积比为1:1时,平均热负荷要高于在通常表面上滴状冷凝和膜状冷凝热负荷的算术平均值,而且平均热负荷与表面分割方式和分割数目有关.他们在一种特殊分割形式的表面上得到的最大热负荷高于当全部表面为滴状冷凝时的最大热负荷.     

铝合金表面新型硅烷膜的制备及表面形貌研究

通过正交试验确定了铝合金表面硅烷膜技术的最佳工艺参数。在基础配方上制备了硅烷膜,利用硫酸铜点滴试验评价了工艺参数,结果表明,水解温度、硅烷浓度、醇水比及pH主要影响了硅烷溶液的水解与缩合反应。分析了硅烷膜的表面形貌、初步探讨了硅烷膜的耐腐蚀性能,结果表明,硅烷膜均匀、致密,具有比铬酸盐钝化更优的防护作用。     

超薄聚合物表面与滴状冷凝的研究

采用等离子体聚合技术在黄铜管外表面制备了六氟丙烯、六甲基二硅氧烷的超薄聚合物薄膜,实现了水蒸气的滴状冷凝.对不同冷凝表面的传热性能进行了实验测定,并对聚合膜的表面性能进行了测试和估算.分析讨论了聚合工艺条件对滴状冷凝传热及膜与基材粘着性能的影响.     

振荡热管模型中液膜的分析与假定

在经典Nusselt膜理论的假定基础上,结合毛细管内液膜的特点,考虑了液膜附加压力、界面热阻、液膜过热度,分别对平衡液膜区、过渡液膜区和宏观液膜区进行了详细分析,建立了相应的控制方程,研究了毛细管内液膜稳态蒸发过程中液膜厚度、传热系数等参数的变化特性;根据毛细管内稳态蒸发液膜的轮廓和特性,对振荡热管内的动态液膜作出了相应的假定,并提出了如何确定动态液膜的厚度、长度以及相变传热系数。