工艺参数对高速电镀锌层形貌和织构的影响

应用模拟重力法高速电镀装置在无间隙原子钢(IF钢)基板上电镀锌,采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究电流密度和钢板运动速度对锌层微观形貌和织构的影响。结果表明:高速电镀锌层呈片晶状倾斜于基体表面紧密排列,随着电流密度(20~60 A/dm2)的增大,{10.3}和{10.4}等锥形织构系数降低,{00.2}基面织构系数显著增加,晶粒尺寸减小;当电流密度高于50 A/dm2时,伴有枝晶的出现;钢板运动速度(1~3 m/s)的增大提高镀层的致密度,同时降低{00.2}基面织构系数,对锥形织构的影响较小。     

汽车用电镀锌板表面线缺陷分析

应用场发射扫描电子显微镜对汽车用电镀锌钢板表面线缺陷形貌特征进行了测试分析。结果表明,镀锌板正常部位与缺陷部位表面差别很大,去除锌镀层后对应部位的显微织构也有明显的不同,基板{111}面织构比例越高,镀锌板表面缺陷越低,而高斯织构{110}001、立方织构{100}001或旋转立方织构{100}011等非{111}织构比例增加时,缺陷出现的几率增大。     

再结晶退火温度对高强IF钢组织性能及织构的影响

研究了退火温度对高强IF钢组织性能及再结晶织构的影响。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,铁素体晶粒长大,IF钢的抗拉强度下降,伸长率先增大后减小,r值逐渐增大;退火后表现为较强的{111}<110>和{111}<112>γ纤维织构,且强点集中在{111}<112>取向,退火温度为840℃时该两取向织构密度值均较大且相差较小。     

表面机械研磨处理的IF钢结构、织构与力学性能的变化

对冷轧IF钢进行表面机械研磨处理,获得表面为纳米晶、晶粒尺寸沿厚度方向逐渐增大的梯度结构,对梯度结构进行织构分析和性能测试.结果表明:冷轧IF钢的表面纳米化主要是通过位错运动实现的,织构对纳米化方式并不构成影响;在晶粒细化和取向差逐渐增大的过程中,织构组分不变,但强度下降,直至完全消失;冷轧IF钢纳米化的速率与轧面织构有关,具有{100}或{111}面织构的晶粒更容易细化;表面纳米化使IF钢板材的强度、延伸率和成形性均有所提高.     

纳米镍对高速电镀锌镀层形貌和取向的影响

目的分析连续电镀锌生产线进行纳米镍技术改造的效果,以期进一步提高锌层的表面质量。方法应用模拟重力法高速电镀锌设备在IF钢(无间隙原子钢)表面进行纳米镍试验,探讨纳米镍对钢基板擦划伤部位的修复效果及机理,分析纳米镍时间对电镀锌层形貌和取向的影响。结果纳米镍优先沉积在基板的缺陷位置,对基板擦伤位置具有良好的填充作用,且镍层与基板结合良好。随着纳米镍时间的延长,锌层的结晶尺寸减小,结晶状态趋于致密,(002)基面织构系数明显增加。结论纳米镍技术嵌入连续电镀锌生产线,对修复基板缺陷、优化锌层结晶起到了良好的作用。     

Ti-IF钢罩式退火过程中再结晶织构演变规律研究

采用X射线衍射技术(XRD)和电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD),并结合微观组织观察分析了Ti-IF钢罩式退火过程中织构演变规律和{111}再结晶织构形成机制.结果表明:随退火温度的升高,再结晶量逐渐增多,{111}再结晶织构强度亦逐渐增强,同时{100}织构强度逐渐减弱.{111}取向的品粒主要在再结晶过程中形成,依靠吞并其他取向[主要是{100}取向]的晶粒而长大;并且在{111}取向品粒长大过程中,γ纤维织构之间也发生相互转化,主要由{111}<112>织构转变为{111}<110>织构;冷轧IF钢再结晶退火后具有较强的γ纤维织构,主要是"取向形核"和"取向长大"共同作用的结果,其中Σ重位晶界在再结晶γ纤维织构形成过程中起着重要作用.     

退火温度对高强IF钢再结晶织构及磷,硼晶界偏聚的影响

借助电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术与俄歇电子能谱仪(AES)分析了不同温度退火的含磷高强IF钢的再结晶织构、晶界特征与晶界处P、B偏聚量。结果表明:随着退火温度由750℃升高到840℃,IF钢的{111}面织构强度先增加后降低。在810℃退火120 s得到最强的{111}面织构,体积百分含量大约为75%,织构的主要组分是{111}112与{111}110。810℃退火时样品晶界处P、B偏聚量最少,重合位置点阵(CSL)晶界与小角度晶界含量较高。合理控制高强IF钢在再结晶退火温度,有利于降低P晶界偏聚量并获得强度较高的{111}面织构。     

热浸镀锌Ti- IF和Nb+Ti- IF钢组织和织构研究

实验对比研究了Ti- IF和Ti+Nb- IF钢热轧、退火过程中微观组织和织构的变化,采用透射电镜和能谱仪研究分析了二相粒子在热轧、冷轧、退火过程中的形貌、尺寸及分布。实验结果表明：添加Nb使得Ti+Nb- IF钢中析出粒子较Ti- IF钢更为细小且弥散,抑制了γ纤维再结晶织构的发展,削弱了{111}〈110〉在γ纤维织构中的强度,且细小的析出物有助于提高IF钢的抗拉强度,但两者成形性能没有明显差异。     

含铌IF钢再结晶组织及织构分析

研究了退火时间对含铌IF钢的组织及织构的影响。结果表明,试验钢在840 ℃分别退火60、120和300 s后,均发生完全再结晶,主要得到{111}//ND面织构,织构组分为{111} <112>及{111}<110>,其中退火60 s时,{111}织构含量最高,达到75%左右。     

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 实验研究了超低碳Ti IF钢性能和析出相,结果表明：超低碳Ti IF钢具有低的屈强比、高塑性、高应变硬化性能和高成形性能,其屈强比约为0.5,抗拉强度为310 MPa,屈服强度为155 MPa,伸长率47%～50%,应变硬化指数n值为0.26～0.28,塑性应变比r值均在2.0左右,最高r值达2.25。退火织构特征均表现为较强的γ纤维织构和较弱的α纤维织构,γ纤维织构主要为{111}<110>和{111}<112>,最强点在{111}<110>处,有利的{111}取向织构使Ti IF钢具有优异的深冲性能。在超低碳钢中加入微量的Ti,形成碳化物、氮化物和氮碳化物,可以固定间隙原子（如C、N原子）,获得无间隙原子钢,同时,适量固溶Ti,能显著提高钢的深冲性能。析出相主要有Ti(N,C)及TiC ,Ti2CS, Ti3S4及很少量的AlN,而粗大稀疏的Ti2CS等析出相对晶界的钉扎力小,相应的促进了{111}再结晶织构的发展,从而获得较高的r值。     

The effect of texture and microstructure on deformation of zinc coatings

Electrogalvanized coatings of three different weights (30, 70 and 100 g/m²) and hot dip Galfan® and Galvalume® coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction. Changes in surface morphology and texture in the coatings were monitored as a function of strain in uniaxial tension tests. The electrogalvanized coatings exhibited texture favorable for basal plane slip and consequently strong texture changes developed during straining. The ability to accomodate strain by plastic flow prevented cracking in the electrogalvanized coatings and ensured good substrate coverage except in the thinnest coating at high strains. The Galfan coatings had a strong basal plane texture and therefore an unfavorable orientation for plastic flow. As a result strain was primarily accomodated by cracking and texture changes with strain were minimal. Galvalume coatings accomodated strain by interdendritic cracking even at low strains, despite close-to-random texture in these zinc rich regions.     

Influence of deposition parameters on microstructure and contamination of electrodeposited nickel coatings from additive-free sulphamate bath

The microstructural features at different scales and the chemical composition of nickel coatings were studied in link with deposition parameters in direct-current and pulsed modes. Complementary characterization tools were used, allowing a scale relationship to be established between the nodule sizes, the sizes of coherent scattering regions and the grain sizes. The influence of deposition conditions on crystallographic texture and nodule size was formalized by maps versus pulsed current density (j_p) and duty cycle (γ). The analysis of these maps offers the opportunity to demonstrate that the decrease in grain size is dependent on texture formation in relation with nucleation and growth processes. The chemical contamination, especially by light elements, seems to be the main factor linking deposition parameters and microstructure (texture and grain size).     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of CrN coating deposited by arc ion plating on Ti6Al4V substrate

CrN coatings have been grown by arc ion plating (AIP) onto Ti6Al4V alloy substrate at various nitrogen pressures (PN₂). The goals of this investigation are to study the influence of nitrogen pressure content on the composition, structure and mechanical properties of AIP CrN coatings, as well as their tribological properties. With an increase of PN₂, the main phases in the coatings changed from CrN + Cr₂N + Cr to CrN, and the texture of CrN was transformed from CrN (111)-oriented to (220)-oriented. Furthermore, the multi-layers including a metal Cr layer, a Cr₂N layer and a CrN layer were observed by cross-sectional TEM (XTEM), besides an “unbalanced” state transition layer at the interface of CrN/substrate which was analyzed by nucleation thermodynamics subsequently. An increase in nitrogen pressure also resulted in a change of micro-hardness due to the variation in composition and structure. Finally, the tribological properties of the Ti6Al4V substrate and the CrN/Ti6Al4V coating system have also been explored, which shows that CrN coatings can act as good wear resistance layer for Ti6Al4V substrate.     

退火温度对冷轧商业纯钛板材组织和力学性能的影响（英文）

传统的商业纯钛(CP-Ti)合金强度往往不能满足结构材料的需求。为了提高其力学性能,对冷轧CP-Ti合金在不同温度下退火,并详细研究其再结晶行为和织构演变。结果表明,部分再结晶形成的双态结构(等轴和拉长的晶粒)表现出极限抗拉强度(702MPa)和总伸长率(36.4%)的优异结合。CP-Ti板材的再结晶形核优先发生在高应变和大角度晶界区域。同时,变形不均匀晶粒的内部取向差增大并转变成大角度晶界,进一步促进再结晶形核。主要再结晶织构是由冷轧基面RD-分裂织构转变而来的基面TD-分裂织构,再结晶过程中定向形核起主导作用。     

Enhanced performance of α-Al2O3 coatings by control of crystal orientation

α-Al₂O₃ coatings with (101?2), (101?4), (0001) and (101?0) textures were obtained using chemical vapour deposition. The textured coatings were compared with α-Al₂O₃ obtained through the κ→α phase transformation. The coating microstructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and residual stress and texture were determined by X-ray diffraction using Cr K_α and Cu K_α radiation, respectively. Microtexture was investigated using electron back-scatter diffraction. Wear properties of the α-Al₂O₃ coatings were evaluated in turning of cast iron and steel. All the studied coatings were under a tensile stress of the order of 0.2-0.7 GPa. The cutting tests confirmed substantial texture effects especially in cutting of steel. The best performance was exhibited by the (0001) textured coatings i.e. when the basal planes of α-Al₂O₃ grains were nearly parallel to the coating surface. As compared with the other textured coatings, the (0001) textured coating showed a clearly enhanced ability to undergo uniform plastic deformation. The present work also established that the texture of α-Al₂O₃ coatings could be controlled by process data during deposition.     

高择优取向TiB2电沉积层的制备及其表征

在KF-KCl体系中通过电沉积方法（直流电沉积CCP和周期断开电流电沉积PIC），以K2TiF6和KBF4作为活性物质在石墨基体上制备了高择优取向的TiB2镀层。用X射线衍射（XRD）研究了阴极电流密度对TiB2镀层晶粒尺寸、择优取向、微观应力及晶格常数的影响。结果表明，晶粒尺寸随电流密度增加而变小，这是过电位增加提高了形核速率所致，相对CCP而言，PIC制备的TiB2镀层具有更小的晶粒，这是因为PIC通过增加扩散层内离子的浓度减弱了浓差极化，提高了形核率所致；本实验条件下制备的TiB2镀层择优取向均为（001）面，这可用二维晶核理论来解释；无论CCP还是PIC，制备的TiB2镀层的晶格常数均和理论值有所偏差，这是镀层中存在的应力引起的；另外，还通过热力学预测、XRD和界面能谱（EDS）证实了镀层和基体间的结合为物理结合，界面处的裂纹可能是镀层和基体间热膨胀系数存在差异造成的。     

Investigations on the Nature of Ceramic Deposits in Plasma Spray–Physical Vapor Deposition

In Plasma Spray–Physical Vapor Deposition (PS-PVD) process, major fractions of the feedstock powder can be evaporated so that coatings are deposited mainly from the vapor phase. In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results indicate that such evaporation occurs significantly in the plasma torch nozzle and even nucleation and condensation of zirconia is highly possible there. Experimental work has been performed to investigate the nature of the deposits in the PS-PVD process, in particular coatings from condensate vapor and nano-sized clusters produced at two spraying distances of 1000 mm and 400 mm. At long spraying distance, columns in the coatings have pyramidal tops and very sharp faceted microstructures. When the spraying distance is reduced to 400 mm, the tops of columns become relatively flat and a faceted structure is not recognizable. XRD patterns show obvious preferred orientations of (110) and (002) in the coatings sprayed at 400 mm but only limited texture in the coatings sprayed at 1000 mm. Meanwhile, a non-line of sight coating was also investigated, which gives an example for pure vapor deposition. Based on these analyses, a vapor and cluster depositions are suggested to further explain the formation mechanisms of high-quality columnar-structured PS-PVD thermal barrier coatings which have already shown excellent performance in cyclic lifetime test.     

硼掺杂梯度对硬质合金金刚石涂层的影响

为提高硬质合金刀具上金刚石涂层的结合性能,采用热丝化学气相沉积法在YG 8硬质合金基体上沉积高、低梯度硼掺杂微米金刚石（high gradient boron-doped micron crystal diamond, HGBMCD;low gradient boron-doped micron crystal diamond, LGBMCD）涂层和无硼掺杂的微米金刚石（micrometer crystal diamond, MCD）涂层,探究沉积过程中硼掺杂浓度的梯度大小对金刚石涂层的形核和生长性能的影响。结果表明:随着硼的掺入,金刚石的形核密度增大,生长6 h后的金刚石晶粒更均匀细小,其中LGBMCD的晶粒尺寸大部分在2～3 μm;而石墨相在梯度硼掺杂金刚石涂层中的生长会被抑制,HGBMCD中I_Dia/I_G高达14.65,残余应力仅为–0.255 GPa,且Co₂B、CoB等硼钴化合物含量随硼掺杂梯度的减小而增大;金刚石涂层的残余应力因硼的掺入逐渐从压应力转变成拉应力,残余应力大小先减小后增大;洛氏压痕显示,随着硼的掺入,金刚石涂层的结合性能提高,LGBMCD的结合性能最好,在1 470 N下可达到HF2级。因此,适当的硼掺杂梯度有利于提高金刚石涂层的质量和结合性能。      

Crystallographic texture in pulsed laser deposited hydroxyapatite bioceramic coatings

The orientation texture of pulsed laser deposited hydroxyapatite coatings was studied by X-ray diffraction techniques. Increasing the laser energy density of the KrF excimer laser used in the deposition process from 5 to 7 J/cm(2) increases the tendency for the c-axes of the hydroxyapatite grains to be aligned perpendicular to the substrate. This preferred orientation is most pronounced when the incidence direction of the plume is normal to the substrate. Orientation texture of the hydroxyapatite grains in the coatings is associated with the highly directional and energetic nature of the ablation plume. Anisotropic stresses, transport of hydroxyl groups and dehydroxylation effects during deposition all seem to play important roles in the texture development.