Distributed Storage-Assisted Data-Driven Overlay Network for P2P VoD Services

Providing VCR-like operations in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) environments is a significant challenge. This paper proposes a distributed Storage-assisted Data-driven overlay Network (SDNet) to support P2P Video-on-Demand (VoD) services. It integrates two networks: a Data-driven Overlay Network (DONet) and a multi-way tree. DONet is enhanced and used for the routine video distribution based on the buffer overlapping mechanism and gossip protocol. A novel algorithm which uses a multi-way tree structure and extra pre-fetching buffers at the nodes is proposed to support efficient VoD operations. Videos are divided into uniform segments, pre-fetched and stored in a distributed manner along the tree topology. The cooperation between DONet-based video delivery and the tree-located multimedia components enable multimedia streaming interactive commands to be performed efficiently. This paper presents and discusses the structure of SDNet and the distributed storage scheme and details the cooperation procedure. Simulation-based testing results show how the proposed SDNet is an efficient interactive streaming solution in a P2P environment.      

Video streaming over P2P networks: Challenges and opportunities

A robust real-time video communication service over the Internet in a distributed manner is an important challenge, as it influences not only the current Internet structure but also the future Internet evolution. In this context, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are playing an imperative position for providing efficient video transmission over the Internet. Recently, several P2P video transmission systems have been proposed for live video streaming services or video-on-demand services over the Internet. In this paper, we describe and discuss existing video streaming systems over P2P. Efficient (delay tolerant and intolerant) data sharing mechanisms in P2P and current video coding trends are elaborated in detail. Moreover, video streaming solutions (live and on-demand) over P2P from the perspective of tree-based and mesh-based systems are explained. Finally, the conclusion is drawn with key challenges and open issues related to video streaming over P2P.     

Progress of Internet Video Technology

In China, currently there are more than 100 million videos being watched everyday on the Internet. There are three kinds of Internet videos: video sharing, Video on Demand (VoD), and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) streaming media. Video sharing is based on browser/server mode, severing user generated content. VoD is based on client/server mode and needs to be paid for. P2P streaming media is based on P2P mode service for hot content. To address P2P traffic optimization and content regulation, China National Information Technology Standardization Technical Committee sets up P2P working group to make relevant standards.     

P2P网络流媒体关键技术

P2P网络流媒体技术一直是学术界和产业界的研究热点.本文围绕覆盖网络拓扑结构,对现有的P2P流媒体系统作了全面的归类总结,深入介绍和分析了覆盖网络构建、数据块调度策略等P2P流媒体核心技术,并概要讨论视频编码、网络编码、覆盖网络拓扑优化、安全与激励机制等P2P流媒体相关增强技术.对典型P2P流媒体系统的性能进行了比较,...     

SeekStream: adapting to dynamic user behavior in P2P video‐on‐demand

In recent years, the users' perceived quality of experience (QoE) in streaming services has gained a lot of attention. Particularly, a number of research efforts have focused on providing live streaming and video‐on‐demand (VoD) services using peer‐to‐peer (P2P) architectures. However, in these proposed architectures, the heterogeneity of users and their dynamic behavior has not been sufficiently studied. In a real life scenario, where users have highly heterogeneous bandwidth resources (cable, DSL, 3G networks, etc) and can arbitrarily decide to perform a VCR function (stop, fast forward and seeking), ignoring this behavior can significantly deteriorate the system's efficiency and the perceived QoE. In this paper, we present SeekStream, a scalable P2P VoD architecture that ensures the stable delivery of the video stream to every participating user even in cases of high heterogeneity and frequent seeking operations. Specifically, SeekStream is a set of algorithms that optimize the P2P overlay dynamically and in a distributed fashion, making it adaptive to users dynamic behavior and bandwidth changes. The available bandwidth resources of the participating users are optimally exploited, keeping the contribution from the media server(s) to a minimal level. To illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms, we are using a centralized overlay network manager that discovers the optimal network graph as a reference. We have developed an extensive P2P VoD simulator that shows the efficiency, scalability, and stability of our system under variant and dynamic conditions. The algorithms of our proposed system introduce less than 4% bandwidth overhead while we achieve high offloading of the media server(s). SeekStream guarantees a high block reception rate for the users, even under extreme seeking patterns. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

P2PVoD系统中基于节点服务能力的数据调度算法

P2P流媒体系统的数据调度算法直接影响系统整体性能和服务质量,一直是P2P流媒体系统研究的核心和热点问题。本文在给出了节点服务能力的定义和计算方法后,结合BT中的RarestFirst策略和VoD业务特点,提出了一种适合P2PVoD系统的基于节点服务能力的推拉相结合的数据调度算法。本算法考虑了节点的异构性和流媒体业务的时问敏感性,充分利用了推拉两种调度模式的优点,能更好的利用节点资源,减轻服务器负载,减小系统传输延迟。     

P2P流媒体业务技术分析与设计

基于对等网络(P2P)模式的业务和应用给传统互联网带来了巨大的影响,如何更有效地利用P2P技术来发展新的增值业务,是P2P业务开展各方迫切需要解决的问题。新兴P2P流媒体运营商、主流数字媒体运营商、电信运营商业务实现方案及部署思路各不相同。对于电信运营商,目前网络上P2P应用最成熟的模式为P2P直播,初期开展业务容易,用户接受程度较高。建议运营商结合自身的带宽资源对业务流量采用"疏"、"堵"、"用"相结合的手段,先期实现P2P直播业务,逐步尝试开展P2P下载和点播业务,同时加强P2P流媒体业务的安全保障系统方案及开展该业务可能的盈利模式的研究,使P2P流媒体业务成为的电信运营商转型和发展的重要支撑业务。     

Building a cooperative P2P-TV application over a wise network: the approach of the European FP-7 strep NAPA-WINE [very large projects]

Introduction TV services over the Internet can be provided by either exploiting IP multicast functionalities or relying on a pure peer-to-peer (P2P) approach. The first technique will only work on a network infrastructure controlled by a single broadband operator due to limitations of IP multicast facilities. The main goal of the project is the study of a future system suitable for HQTV live streaming over the Internet based on P2P technology, or a P2P-HQTV system. The major focus is on overcoming today's pure layered approach through a cooperative paradigm in which the application and network layers cooperate to optimize the quality of service offered to end users.     

基于P2P流媒体的教学体系结构研究

随着网络通信和多媒体技术的发展,人们对网上音、视频的多媒体教学内容需求日益增长,基于流媒体技术的远程学习是未来人们受教育的新方法。然而流媒体的质量并不能令人满意,传统的网络教学系统大多采用C/S模式,服务器以单播的形式传输媒体流。结合当前流行的对等网络（P2P）技术和流媒体技术,介绍了如何构建基于P2P流媒体技术的远程网络教学系统的问题。结合P2P网络的优点,对系统中流媒体传输进行了改进,从而降低流媒体服务对骨干网的负载,避免网络阻塞。     

Modeling and application of moderate prefetching strategy based on video slicing for P2P VoD systems

In peer-to-peer (P2P) video-on-demand (VoD) streaming systems,each peer contributes a fixed amount of hard disk storage (usually 2 GB) to store viewed videos and then uploads them to other requesting p...     

IPTV over P2P streaming networks: the mesh-pull approach

IPTV, an emerging Internet application, would revolutionize the entertainment and media industries; however, IPTV also has the potential to overwhelm the Internet backbone and access networks with traffic. To date, IPTV over P2P streaming networks has advanced significantly using two different approaches: tree-push versus mesh-pull. In particular, the mesh-pull streaming approach has achieved a number of successful commercial deployments. In this article, we examine the current progress in the research and development of mesh-pull P2P streaming systems. We provide an overview of the general mesh-pull streaming architecture and review various challenges, design issues, and interesting research problems in this approach. We discuss the construction costs for providing an IPTV service with service guarantees. We outline a measurement technique for monitoring the video playback quality of mesh-pull streaming systems. We emphasize that the future P2P IPTV systems should be designed to meet the expectations of users for quality-of-experience. We also identify a few other important issues for IPTV over P2P streaming networks, including the traffic pressure on ISPs, various security concerns, and the necessity to re-examine the most appropriate P2P architecture. Insights obtained in this study will be valuable for the development and deployment of future P2P IPTV systems.     

一种P2P直播系统调度管理方法的设计与实现

P2P网络是自由的网络,在P2P网络中,每个节点（Peer）都是对等的,可以进行信息和服务的自由交换。由于节点具有随机性,采用P2P技术实现流媒体的直播系统时,必须合理地对终端用户节点进行调度管理。针对这一问题,论文设计了一种P2P直播系统的调度管理方法,很好地解决了终端用户节点的调度管理问题,能使用户获取可靠性高、质量好的流媒体服务,对流媒体技术的发展具有一定的指导意义。     

Distributed upload bandwidth assigning algorithm in P2P VoD system

In a peer-to-peer(P2P) live streaming system,each peer uses greedy strategy to download chunks as many as possible so as to assure smooth playback and promote the chunk propagation.However,diversity of video playback rate,heterogeneity of peer downlink bandwidth and no prefetching limitation determine that greedy strategy is not the best strategy for P2P video-on-demand(VoD) system though this strategy performs well in P2P live system.To reasonably assign upload bandwidth among peers,we first present a stochastic model to relate expected downloading speed(EDS) with buffered data amount(BDA,the amount of data has been fetched in buffer,however has not been played yet by the peer),video playback rate and fluency(the probability of no interruption in a viewing process).On the base of this model,we design an equal fluency bandwidth assigning algorithm(EFBAA).In this algorithm,requesting peers compute EDS according to several local parameters(such as BDA,video playback rate and fluency) dynamically and independently and send the EDS to neighbor peers together with buffer map.Then the neighbor peer proportionally partitions and assigns its upload bandwidth to requesting peers according to their EDS.Extensive simulations demonstrate that EFBAA outperforms greedy strategy in terms of server load and startup latency.     

P2P流媒体网络电视通信机制研究

近年来兴起的P2P流媒体网络电视成为了Internet上的一种主要应用,分析和研究P2P流媒体系统对于识别其流量和日后开发类似的系统具有很强的指导意义.本文选取PPStream和QQLive两款常用软件通过抓取其流量数据进行协议分析,主要关注系统获取节点列表、资源交换和数据传输等实现方法,进而总结出了一套P2P流媒体协议分析框架,提出了一种基于协议分析的流量识别方法.     

Timely traffic identification on P2P streaming media

Since the year of 2006,peer-to-peer (P2P) streaming media service has been developing rapidly,the user scale and income scale achieve synchronous growth.However,while people enjoying the benefits of th...     

Peer-to-peer live video streaming on the internet: issues, existing approaches, and challenges [Peer-to-Peer Multimedia Streaming]

Live video streaming is perhaps the greatest unfulfilled promise of the Internet. There have been tremendous efforts in the design and experimentation of video-streaming systems in the past two decades; there have been no shortage of technical innovations, yet no single system has delivered the scale and service quality. The fundamental problem that throttles the large-scale deployment of Internet video streaming is the dissatisfaction end-users experience with performance. This is caused by a combination of many factors, such as the autonomous nature of the Internet, inherent instability, and lack of a service guarantee. This is further challenged by sustainable bandwidth and the stringent continuity requirements of streaming applications. Recent development of P2P-based streaming technology brings unprecedented new momentum to Internet video streaming, which has been shown to be cost-effective, scalable, and easy to deploy. This article reviews the state-of-the-art P2P live video-streaming technologies and their development from a historic perspective. Based on our earlier success with a large-scale P2P streaming system, Coolstreaming, we summarize the main innovations and discuss the key trade offs in the system design. We present our observations on the future development and offer a few insights for further discussion.     

P2P IPTV技术进展

IPTV的发展面临客户机，服务器模式的输入／输出“瓶颈”的制约；另外一方面。中国在发展P2P Internet TV方面取得了骄人的进展。用发展P2P Internet TV的思路和技术发展IPTV有可能开创新局面，即P2P IPTV的概念。发展P2P IPTV有可能使中国实现世界级的技术创新。由于电信业在发展宽带业务方面有强烈的需求和良好的基础，有先进的网络基础设施和有国际竞争力的电信和网络设备制造业，可以成功地支持这一创新。     

The effect of incomplete sessions on peer-to-peer video on demand

Video on demand systems are going to be important services of the future Internet. To achieve scalability and fault tolerance, these systems should rely on distributed video delivery schemes, using peer-to-peer (P2P) networks built among the clients. However, generic P2P data sharing protocols cannot guarantee timely arrival of the video segments. Therefore, they must be adapted to video streaming by restricting P2P delivery into a download window. In this paper we investigate the effect of the frequently occurring phenomenon of incomplete sessions on the efficiency of stored video streaming via P2P data distribution. Through theoretical considerations and a simulation study, we’ve found that with a P2P download window the number of superfluous downloads can be limited, while retaining the efficiency of the P2P distribution.     

Analysis of a large-scale VOD architecture for broadband operators: a P2P-based solution

VOD services distribution is gaining unprecedented interest from the consumer communication industry due to its growing success in both the Internet and residential broadband market. In this article we present a scalable VOD distribution architecture for broadband operators. The solution is based on a P2P streaming concept in which a VOD streaming session requested by a given STB is actually provisioned via a multisource streaming session. This solution has the advantage of scaling naturally with the number of STBs in the network. In this article we focus on efficiently translating the popularity distribution into content availability in the network. Different aspects related to this issue are analyzed and challenges highlighted.