NiCo-SiC纳米复合镀层的耐蚀性和摩擦学性能

用电沉积方法在不锈钢表面制备了NiCo-SiC纳米复合镀层,考察了不同纳米颗粒含量镀液的阴极极化曲线,测定了纳米复合镀层的晶体结构,分析了镀层的表面形貌和磨损形貌.结果表明:加入纳米SiC颗粒后,金属的还原电位发生负移,镀层表面晶粒形貌由针状变为颗粒状;NiCo-SiC纳米复合镀层比NiCo合金镀层具有更好的抗腐蚀性和摩擦学性能;磨损表面形貌显微分析表明合金镀层的磨损机制主要是粘着磨损,表面发生了严重的擦伤和塑性变形,而纳米复合镀层的磨损机制是典型的磨粒磨损.     

Effect of particle size and co-deposition technique on hardness and corrosion properties of Ni–Co/SiC composite coatings

Ni–Co/SiC alloy matrix composite coatings were electrodeposited in a modified Watt's bath containing micro and nano sized SiC particles by using conventional electro-co-deposition (CECD) and sediment co-deposition (SCD) techniques. The deposits were characterized using SEM, EDX and XRD analyses, and microhardness and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The maximum incorporation of the SiC micro- and nano-particles was obtained using the SCD technique at deposition current densities of 2 and 3 A/dm², respectively. It was found that in the composite coatings, incorporation of SiC particles improves the microhardness of unalloyed Ni and Ni–Co alloy matrices. The nanocomposite coatings exhibit higher microhardness values than microcomposite ones. The potentiodynamic polarization measurements in 3.5% NaCl solution revealed that the corrosion resistance of the Ni–Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings is much higher than the Ni–Co alloy and Ni–Co/SiC microcomposite coatings. Moreover, corrosion resistance of Ni–Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings deposited by SCD technique is higher than the ones deposited by CECD technique. Corrosion resistance of the studied Ni–Co/SiC composite coatings was considerably affected by Co content, SiC particle size and content. Hardness enhancement was related to the structural features, and corrosion behavior was discussed based on the formation of corrosion micro cells, diminishing the effective metallic area, and increasing and hindering the corrosion paths.     

Microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of laser processed SiC particle reinforced coatings on titanium

Laser processing of Ti-SiC composite coating on titanium was carried out to improve wear resistance using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS™) — a commercial rapid prototyping technology. During the coating process a Nd:YAG laser was used to create small liquid metal pool on the surface of Ti substrate in to which SiC powder was injected to create Ti-SiC metal matrix composite layer. The composite layers were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy equipped with fine probe chemical analysis. Laser parameters were found to have strong influence on the dissolution of SiC, leading to the formation of TiSi₂, Ti₅Si₃ and TiC with a large amount of SiC on the surface. Detailed matrix microstructural analysis showed the formation of non-stoichiometric compounds and TiSi₂ in the matrix due to non-equilibrium rapid solidification during laser processing. The average Young's modulus of the composite coatings was found to be in the range of 602 and 757 GPa. Under dry sliding conditions, a considerable increase in wear resistance was observed, i.e., 5.91 × 10^− 4 mm³/Nm for the SiC reinforced coatings and 1.3 × 10⁻³ mm³/Nm for the Ti substrate at identical test conditions.     

A study of electroless copper-phosphorus coatings with the addition of silicon carbide (SiC) and graphite (Cg) particles

Copper composite coating with graphite (C_g) and/or silicon carbide (SiC) particles were deposited by electroless plating. The surface morphology of the coatings that were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that Cu particles were uniformly distributed. The obtained coating thickness was approximately ± 5 μm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used to characterise the structure and to study the phase transition of the coatings, respectively. Phases such as Cu, Cu₂O, Cu₃P, Cu₃Si, SiC and C_g were observed from X-ray diffraction patterns and the presence of Cu₂O, Cu₃P and Cu₃Si was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. The results demonstrated that SiC and C_g particles have little influence on the phase transition of the coating. The hardness and wear resistance of Cu-P composite coatings were improved with the incorporation of SiC particles. The friction coefficient of Cu-P composite coatings decreased with the incorporation of C_g particles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results of coatings showed that the roughness of the coatings increased with the incorporation of SiC to the Cu-P coatings and decreased with the incorporation of C_g. Cu-P-C_g-SiC composite coatings showed a moderate roughness, hardness between Cu-P-SiC and Cu-P-C_g coatings, had low friction and good anti-wear properties. The anti corrosion resistance of the electroless Cu-P composite coatings on carbon steel were studied in 3.5% NaCl and 1 M HCl solutions by the potentiodynamic polarisation technique. The study revealed that the corrosion resistance increased with the incorporation of SiC particles in the Cu-P and Cu-P-C_g matrix but reduced with the incorporation of graphite.     

Properties and microstructure of Al-11Si/SiCp composite coatings fabricated by thermal spray

Thermal spraying has been used to coat 6082-T6 aluminium alloy with aluminium matrix composites. Mixtures of Al-11Si powder and 20 vol.% SiC and 40 vol.% SiC particles in the powder feeder were used as spraying material. In some conditions, SiC particles were coated with a sol-gel silica coating, which acts as an active barrier enhancing the wettability of the reinforcement by molten aluminium reducing the porosity of the composite coatings and inhibiting the formation of aluminium carbide. Coatings with a reinforcement volume fraction up to 17 vol.% (for 20 vol.% SiC in feeder) and 27 vol.% (for 40 vol.% SiC in feeder) were obtained with porosities below 1.0%. In all cases, the incorporation of sol-gel silica coatings on SiC particles reduced the porosity and increased the reinforcement volume fraction and the hardness of the coatings. The role played by the different spraying parameters has been also studied.     

石墨烯颗粒对Ni-Co-石墨烯复合镀层的表面性能影响

为了得到性能更加优异全面的复合镀层,使用复合电沉积技术制备不同石墨烯颗粒大小的Ni-Co-石墨烯复合镀层,并制备了Ni-Co合金镀层。测试镀层的表面形貌,相结构,显微硬度,耐磨性和耐蚀性能。结果显示,石墨烯在电沉积中很好的嵌入到了镀层基质中,而且石墨烯的存在并没有改变镀层基质的晶体结构;石墨烯的填加增加了复合镀层的显微硬度,最高可达805HV;降低了复合镀层的摩擦系数,在一定程度上减少了粘着磨损的面积;复合镀层的自腐蚀电流密度可以降低到1.0905×10-5A/cm2,低于Ni-Co合金镀层的自腐蚀电流密度。说明了石墨烯的添加增强了复合镀层的硬度,耐磨性和耐蚀性。     

Multiple strengthening mechanisms of cold-sprayed cBNp/NiCrAl composite coating

The cBNp/NiCrAl composite coating with 40 vol.% cBN was deposited by cold spray using a mechanically alloyed composite powder. The microstructure of the as-sprayed coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that cBN particles in the size ranges of both nanometers and submicrometers were uniformly dispersed in NiCrAl alloy matrix. The XRD and TEM results revealed that the phase and nanocrystalline structures of the NiCrAl matrix were completely retained from the powder to coating during cold spraying. The hardness test results show that the dense composite coating exhibited an increased Vickers hardness of 1175 Hv compared with 280 Hv of the annealed NiCrAl matrix phase. The high hardness of the composite coating is attributed to the strengthening effects of particle dispersion, work hardening and crystal refinement. The contributions of the individual strengthening mechanisms, including particles dispersion, work hardening and crystal refinement, to hardness were theoretically estimated. The estimated hardness of the composite coating agreed well with the tested value. The work hardening strengthening is the most significant mechanism followed by crystal refinement effect and dispersion strengthening.     

Characterizations of cold-sprayed Nickel-Alumina composite coating with relatively large Nickel-coated Alumina powder

Previous studies have shown that the fabrication of metal matrix composites (MMCs) by cold spraying is effective and promising. When light materials, such as SiC and Al₂O₃, were used as reinforcements, it was diffcuclt to obtain a high volume fraction of hard phase in the composite just through the simple powder mixture. Therefore, in this study, a Ni-coated Al₂O₃ powder, which was produced through hydrothermal hydrogen reduction method, was employed aiming at increasing the volume fraction of ceramic particles in the deposited composite coating. It was found that a dense Ni-Al₂O₃ composite coating could be deposited with the Ni-coated Al₂O₃ powder under the present spray conditions. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the composite coating had the same phase structures as the feedstock. The volume fraction of Al₂O₃ in the composite was about 29 ± 6 vol.%, which is less than that in the feedstock (nominal: 40-45 vol.%) due to the rebound of some Al₂O₃ particulates upon kinetic impacting. The microhardness of the composite coating was about 173 ± 33Hv_0.2.     

Microstructure and tribological properties of diamond-like carbon and TiAlSiCN nanocomposite coatings

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) and TiAlSiCN nanocomposite coatings were synthesized by multi-plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition. The DLC content in the composite coating was controlled by the flow ratio of N₂ to C₂H₂ during the deposition process. The microstructure and tribological properties of the as-deposited coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nanoindentation and ball-on-disk friction tests. The TEM results show that all the DLC-TiAlSiCN coatings had a two phase composite structure of the TiCN nanocrystals embedded in an amorphous matrix consisting of a-Si₃N₄, a-SiC, a-CN and DLC. TEM observations also reveal that the spacing between the adjacent nanocrystals increases with DLC content. In addition, the DLC-TiAlSiCN nanocomposite coating with a small crystalline spacing of about 0.6 nm shows a higher hardness up to 50 GPa and a larger friction coefficient. An increase in the DLC content of the coating benefits its friction coefficient while its hardness decreases. The friction coefficient reduces to 0.14 when the DLC content is about 31%.     

Processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium matrix nanocomposites fabricated by semisolid stirring assisted ultrasonic vibration

Particulate reinforced magnesium matrix nanocomposites were fabricated by semisolid stirring assisted ultrasonic vibration. Compared with the as-cast AZ91 alloy, the grain size of matrix alloy in the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite stirring for 5 min was significantly decreased due to the addition of SiC nanoparticles. SiC nanoparticles within the grains exhibited homogeneous distribution although some SiC clusters still existed along the grain boundaries in the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite stirring for 5 min. With increasing the stirring time, agglomerates of SiC nanoparticles located along the grain boundaries increased. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation to fracture of the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite stirring for 5 min were simultaneously improved compared with the as-cast AZ91 alloy. However, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite decreased with increasing the stirring time.     

TiBCN:CNx multilayer coatings deposited by pulsed closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering

In this study, a combination of nanocomposite and multilayer coating design was investigated in an effort to reduce the coefficient of friction (COF) while maintaining good mechanical properties of the TiBCN coatings. The TiBCN:CN_x coatings consist of TiBCN and CN_x nanolayers which were deposited alternately by reactive sputtering a TiBC composite target (80 mol% TiB₂ + 20 mol% TiC) and a graphite target in an Ar:N₂ mixture using a pulsed closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering system. Low angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy characterizations confirmed that the coatings consist of different bilayer periods in a range of 3.5 to 7.0 nm. The TiBCN layers exhibited a nanocomposite structure, whereas the CN_x layers were in an amorphous state. The mechanical properties and wear resistance of the TiBCN:CN_x multilayer coatings were investigated using nanoindentation and ball-on-disk wear test. The TiBCN:CN_x coatings exhibited high hardness in a range of 20-30 GPa. The highest hardness of 30 GPa was achieved in the coating with a bilayer period of 4.5 nm. A low COF of 0.17 sliding against a WC-Co ball was obtained at a bilayer period of 4.5 nm, which is much lower than those of the single layer TiBCN and TiBC nanocomposite coatings (0.55-0.7).     

2024Al与SiC_p/2024Al复合材料的腐蚀与腐蚀控制研究

用电化学方法和腐蚀失重法研究了 ２０２４Ａｌ和ＳｉＣｐ／２０２４Ａｌ复合材料在 ３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液中的耐蚀性,用电化学阻 抗技术对它们的硫酸阳极氧化膜保护性进行了跟踪评价．结果表明ＳｉＣｐ／２０２４Ａｌ在 ３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液中比 ２０２４Ａｌ有较大的 腐蚀敏感性．２０２４Ａｌ表面的阳极氧化膜,经热水封闭后,可提供相当好的保护作用．热水封闭的Ｓｉｐ／２０２４Ａｌ阳极氧化膜, 具有良好的耐 ＮａＣｌ溶液腐蚀能力,由于氧化膜中ＳｉＣ颗粒的存在破坏了氧化膜的完整性和均匀性,故其耐蚀性不如 ２０２４ Ａｌ 合金的阳极氧化膜．     

Ni-W/SiC纳米复合镀层的制备与其耐蚀性

通过电沉积方法制备了Ni-W/SiC纳米复合镀层,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)研究了SiC含量对该复合镀层结构和性能的影响,采用电化学方法研究了Ni-W/SiC纳米复合镀层在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性。结果表明:SiC纳米颗粒能促进镀层晶粒的形核及生长,显著改变镀层的晶体结构,提高镀层的硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性;SiC含量过低对镀层耐磨性提高有限,含量过高又容易导致SiC纳米颗粒团聚,影响其分散性,因此当SiC的质量浓度为6~9g/L时所制备的Ni-W/SiC纳米复合镀层具有最佳的性能。     

A ZrSiO4/SiC oxidation protective coating for carbon/carbon composites

In order to improve the oxidation resistance of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites, a ZrSiO₄ coating on SiC pre-coated C/C composites was prepared by a hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition process. Phase compositions and microstructures of the as-prepared ZrSiO₄/SiC coating were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The anti-oxidation property and failure mechanism of the multi-layer coating were investigated. Results show that hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition is an effective route to prepare crack-free ZrSiO₄ outer coatings. The multi-layer coating obviously exhibits two-layer structure. The inner layer is composed of SiC phase and the outer layer is composed of ZrSiO₄ phase. The bonding strength between the outer layer coatings and C/C–SiC substrate are 30.38 MPa. The ZrSiO₄/SiC coating displays excellent oxidation resistance and can protect C/C composites from oxidation at 1773 K for 332 h with a mass loss rate of only 0.48 × 10^− 4 g/cm²·h. The mechanical properties of the specimens are 84.36 MPa before oxidation and 68.29 MPa after oxidation. The corresponding high temperature oxidation activation energy of the coated C/C composites at 1573–1773 K is calculated to be 119.8 kJ/mol. The oxidation process is predominantly controlled by the diffusion rate of oxygen through the ZrSiO₄/SiC multi-coating. The failure of the coating is due to the formation of penetrative holes between the SiC bonding layer and the C/C matrix at 1773 K.     

Effects of low temperature thermal treatment on zinc and/or tin plated coatings of AZ91D magnesium alloy

A new method was investigated to obtain composite coatings on the AZ91D magnesium alloy by electrodeposition and low temperature thermal treatment. Zinc and tin were introduced to AZ91D Mg alloy surface by electroplating firstly. And a succedent thermal treatment was carried out at 190 ± 10 °C for 12 h. The surface and cross-section morphologies of the plated coatings with and without thermal treatment were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). And the microstructure was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results reveal that it was difficult to obtain good adhesion plated Sn coating but easy to get well-adherent plated Zn coating. And the thermal treatment promoted the formation of Mg₂Sn in the plated Sn coating and the recrystallization in the plated Zn coating. The plated double Zn-Sn coating owned good adhesion and uniform surface. Furthermore, when the plated double Zn-Sn coating was treated at 190 ± 10 °C for 12 h, a three-layer structure coating was formed due to the diffusion of tin. The results of the anodic polarization behaviors in 5 wt.% NaCl solution show that the three-layer structure coating could provide better protection for AZ91D substrate than the plated Zn-Sn coating.     

Electrodeposition and tribological characterisation of nickel nanocomposite coatings reinforced with nanotubular titanates

Metal nanocomposite nickel coatings reinforced with regularly shaped nanotubular titanates (multi-layered wall structure with ca. 5 nm internal diameter and 30 to 500 nm tube length) were electrodeposited from a modified Watts nickel electrolyte. Tribological properties of the coatings are characterised via measurements of the coating hardness, surface friction, wear rate and elastic modulus. Surface microstructures of the coatings were imaged (SEM and TEM analyses). The nanotubular titanates were shown to be embedded within the bulk of the coating and some particles protruded from the top surface. The nanotubular titanates in the nickel coating acted akin to a cross-linked and mesh-like matrix to enhance the dispersion-strengthening mechanism against external load. Nanocomposite nickel coatings reinforced with nanotubular titanates have shown (a) ~ 22% reduction in surface friction against a spherical diamond tip, (b) ~ 29% enhancement in wear resistance in a 3-body slurry abrasive wear test (steel counter body and 5 μm SiC particles), (c) ~ 102% improvement in coating hardness and (d) ~ 26% improvement in elastic modulus when compared with a nickel coating containing irregularly shaped nanosized titanium dioxide particles.     

冷喷涂SiC/Al纳米复合涂层的组织结构与性能

为制备基体相晶粒细小、增强相均匀分布的SiC/Al纳米复合涂层,以Al、SiC为原料,采用高能球磨法获得SiC颗粒弥散分布的纳米晶Al基复合材料粉末,利用冷喷涂技术低温成型制备了SiC/Al纳米复合涂层,分析了SiC含量对复合涂层相结构、晶粒尺寸、微观结构、硬度及磨损性能的影响规律。结果表明：冷喷涂可实现球磨纳米晶复合粉末结构的原位移植,所制备SiC/Al纳米复合涂层组织致密,微米及亚微米级SiC弥散分布在纳米晶Al（约80 nm）基体之上;SiC颗粒对Al基体有明显强化作用,冷喷涂SiC/Al纳米复合涂层的硬度随SiC体积分数的增加而显著增加,50% SiC/Al纳米复合涂层的硬度高达515 HV_0.3,约为Al块材的13倍;冷喷涂SiC/Al纳米复合涂层的耐磨损性能随着SiC含量增加而显著提高,涂层磨损失效机制为磨粒对基体的切削犁沟变形。     

Microstructure,Mechanical Properties,and Two-Body Abrasive Wear Behavior of Cold-Sprayed 20 vol.% Cubic BN-NiCrAl Nanocomposite Coating

20 vol.% cubic boron nitride (cBN) dispersoid reinforced NiCrAl matrix nanocomposite coating was prepared by cold spray using mechanically alloyed nanostructured composite powders. The as-sprayed nanocomposite coating was annealed at a temperature of 750 °C to enhance the inter-particle bonding. Microstructure of spray powders and coatings was characterized. Vickers microhardness of the coatings was measured. Two-body abrasive wear behavior of the coatings was examined on a pin-on-disk test. It was found that, in mechanically alloyed composite powders, nano-sized and submicro-sized cBN particles are uniformly distributed in nanocrystalline NiCrAl matrix. Dense coating was deposited by cold spray at a gas temperature of 650 °C with the same phases and grain size as those of the starting powder. Vickers hardness test yielded a hardness of 1063 HV for the as-sprayed 20 vol.% cBN-NiCrAl coating. After annealed at 750 °C for 5 h, unbonded inter-particle boundaries were partially healed and evident grain growth of nanocrystalline NiCrAl was avoided. Wear resistance of the as-sprayed 20 vol.% cBN-NiCrAl nanocomposite coating was comparable to the HVOF-sprayed WC-12Co coating. Annealing of the nanocomposite coating resulted in the improvement of wear resistance by a factor of ~33% owing to the enhanced inter-particle bonding. Main material removal mechanisms during the abrasive wear are also discussed.     

电流密度和施镀温度对铝合金表面Ni-SiC-MoS2复合镀层显微组织的影响

目的研究电镀工艺参数中的电流密度和施镀温度对铝合金表面Ni-Si C-MoS_2复合镀层组织形貌及成分的影响。方法利用复合电镀的方法在铝合金上制备Ni-Si C-MoS_2复合镀层。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪以及显微硬度仪,分析不同电流密度和施镀温度下复合镀层的组织结构、成分、界面之间的结合情况以及显微硬度。结果电流密度为4 A/dm2时,镀层与基体的结合差,镀层表面粗糙不平;当电流密度增加到5 A/dm2时,镀层与基体结合紧密,并且镀层表面平整;当电流密度增大到6 A/dm2时,镀层表面平整度变差。施镀温度为40℃时,镀层厚度较薄;施镀温度为50℃时,镀层与基体结合良好,镀层表面平整;当施镀温度上升到60℃时,镀层与基体结合处出现裂纹,镀层质量下降。随电流密度和施镀温度的升高,镀层中Si C和MoS_2摩尔分数先增加后减小,显微硬度先增大后减小。结论采用复合电镀的方法在铝合金表面可以制备出Ni-Si C-MoS_2复合镀层,当电流密度为5 A/dm2、施镀温度为50℃时,制备出的Ni-Si C-MoS_2复合镀层表面平整,厚度均匀,Si C与MoS_2摩尔分数可分别达到10.40%和0.77%。复合镀层的显微硬度与其Si C含量成正比,最高可达357.7HV0.01,是基体合金硬度的3.7倍。     

Preparation and oxidation protection of CVD SiC/a-BC/SiC coatings for 3D C/SiC composites

An amorphous boron carbide (a-BC) coating was prepared by LPCVD process from BCl₃-CH₄-H₂-Ar system. XPS result showed that the boron concentration was 15.0 at.%, and carbon was 82.0 at.%. One third of boron was distributed to a bonding with carbon and 37.0 at.% was dissolved in graphite lattice. A multiple-layered structure of CVD SiC/a-BC/SiC was coated on 3D C/SiC composites. Oxidation tests were conducted at 700, 1000, and 1200 °C in 14 vol.% H₂O/8 vol.% O₂/78 vol.% Ar atmosphere up to 100 h. The 3D C/SiC composites with the modified coating system had a good oxidation resistance. This resulted in the high strength retained ratio of the composites even after the oxidation.