钠基膨润土对废水中Ni2+,Cu2+的吸附效果

为了提高膨润土吸附废水中Ni2+,Cu2+的效果,对其改性制备了钠基膨润土,考察了吸附时间、废水pH值以及Ni2+和Cu2+初始浓度对自制钠基膨润土吸附Ni2+,Cu2+效果的影响,分析了吸附等温线,并探讨了吸附机理。结果表明:钠基膨润土对Ni2+,Cu2+都有较好的吸附性能;初始阶段(前10 min)吸附很快,之后随时间延长吸附量提高甚微;pH值为6.2时,处理后的水质即可达国家排放标准;随着Ni2+,Cu2+初始浓度增加,去除率先增加后降低,而吸附量迅速增加,Ni2+和Cu2+初始浓度分别为25 mg/L和40 mg/L时,钠基膨润土对Ni2+,Cu2+的去除率均可达98.6%;钠基膨润土对Ni2+,Cu2+的吸附等温线符合Freundlich吸附等温式。     

聚季铵盐聚丙烯酰胺对电镀废水中Ni2+的吸附性能研究

在静态条件下,对聚季铵盐聚丙烯酰胺(PQAAM)吸附含Ni2 的电镀废水进行了研究,探讨了PQAAM用量、废水pH值、吸附时间、吸附温度对去除Ni2 效果的影响.结果表明,在废水pH值为6.0～8.0、Ni2 浓度0～100 mg/L范围内,吸附时间为80 min、吸附温度为20℃时,按Ni2 与PQAAM质量比为1∶30投加PQAAM进行处理,Ni2 去除率可达98%以上.含Ni2 电镀废水经PQAMM吸附后,废水中Ni2 的含量低于国家排放标准.     

含醚键离子交换树脂对电镀废水中Zn2+的吸附条件

电镀废水中含有大量的Zn2+,严重污染环境,危及人类健康,必须进行有效的处理方可排放.为此,在静态条件下,采用含醚键离子交换树脂对含Zn2+的模拟电镀废水进行了吸附处理,探讨了树脂用量、废水pH值、吸附时间、吸附温度对Zn2+去除效果的影响.结果表明:在废水pH值为4.0,Zn2+浓度0～100 mg/L,吸附时间90min,吸附温度25℃下,按Zn2+与含醚键离子交换树脂质量比为1:20投加含醚键离子交换树脂进行处理,Zn2+去除率可达98%以上;含Zn2+的电镀废水经含醚键离子交换树脂吸附后,废水中Zn2+的含量低于国家一级排放标准.     

海泡石有机改性后吸附处理镀镍废水的效果

为了开发新型、高效、廉价的吸附材料,将海泡石原矿进行提纯、酸化、钠交换预处理,再通过有机活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和微波辐照联合改性。在常温、动态吸附下,以改性海泡石对镀镍废水进行吸附处理,探讨了其对镀镍废水的处理效果及条件。结果表明,改性海泡石处理镀镍废水效果很好;常温、流速为3 mL/min下,当废水pH值为4.0时,对镀镍废水中的Ni2+具有很好的吸附性能,去除率为99.8%。改性海泡石可再生利用,再生后对Ni2+的去除率仍达90%。     

碳羟基磷灰石对电镀废水中Zn~(2+)的吸附性能

在静态条件下,对碳羟基磷灰石吸附Zn2+的电镀废水进行了研究,探讨了碳羟基磷灰石用量、废水pH值、吸附时间、吸附温度对去除Zn2+的影响.结果表明,在废水pH值6.0～7.0,Zn2+浓度0～100mg/L,吸附时间为70 min,吸附温度为35℃条件下,按Zn2+与碳羟基磷灰石质量比为1:35投加碳羟基磷灰石进行处理,Zn2+去除率可达98%以上.合Zn2+的电镀废水经碳羟基磷灰石吸附后,废水中Zn2+的含量低于国家一级排放标准.     

酸改性膨润土吸附去除镍镉离子的研究

在静态条件下,研究了改性膨润土对重金属离子的吸附性能和吸附机理,着重探讨了改性膨润土去除模拟水样中重金属离子Ni2 ,Cd2 的适宜条件及改性膨润土的再生方法.结果表明,改性膨润土对Ni2 ,Cd2 具有较好的吸附性能;pH值是影响改性膨润土对重金属离子吸附的重要因素,不同的金属离子都有其适宜的pH值范围.吸附的最佳条件是pH值5.0～7.0,废水中Ni2 ,Cd2 含量不大于45 mg/L,搅拌时间约60 min.利用改性膨润土吸附处理Ni2 ,Cd2 含量小于45 mg/L的模拟水样,效果很好,Ni2 ,Cd2 的去除率均可分别达到98.5%以上,出水可达到国家排放标准.     

用新型改性沸石处理含Ni2+电镀废水的研究

为探索有效而经济的含镍废水处理方法,采用分光光度法研究了新型改性沸石(Na-Y型)的投入量、温度及接触时间等因素对电镀废水中Ni2 去除效果的影响.结果表明,在室温、pH=4.50的条件下,当加入改性沸石0.4%(质量比)、吸附时间为2 h时,废水溶液中Ni2 的去除率达到99%以上,处理后废水中Ni2 含量低于国家排放标准要求.处理后的Na-Y型沸石经HCl、NaCl混合溶液再生后可重复使用.     

壳聚糖插层高岭土吸附处理电镀废水中的重金属离子

利用壳聚糖插层天然高岭土制备复合吸附剂去除电镀废水中重金属离子的相关研究不多。将天然高岭土活化处理后置于经乙酸溶解的壳聚糖溶胶中,制得壳聚糖插层高岭土复合吸附剂;优化了复合吸附剂的制备条件,考察了pH值、吸附时间以及复合吸附剂的投加量对电镀废水中Cr~(6+)、Ni~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)4种重金属离子吸附效果的影响;确定了复合吸附剂的最优制备条件:高岭土预处理温度为700℃,壳聚糖与高岭土的质量比为1∶5。电镀废水中重金属离子最佳脱除条件:pH值为5.0~6.0,吸附时间为60min,投加量为6.0g/L。常温下Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb4种重金属的去除率分别为94.76%、98.58%、92.47%、99.30%。连续5次吸附-解吸循环结果表明,插层复合吸附剂的去除率均大于90%,适用于去除电镀废水中的重金属离子。     

pH对阳离子交换膜分离去除Cu~(2+)效果的影响

基于Donnan dialysis原理,在无外加电压作用下采用阳离子交换膜分离去除原水中的Cu2+,研究pH对阳离子交换膜分离去除Cu2+效果的影响.研究结果表明:原水及补偿离子溶液pH≥4时,H+浓度较低,其对阳离子交换膜分离去除Cu2+无明显影响,去除率均在85%左右;原水pH=3时,阳离子交换膜分离去除Cu2+的能力降低,去除率为60%～62%左右;原水pH=6,补偿离子溶液pH=3时,H+与补偿离子K+具有累加作用,但累加作用不明显,Cu2+去除率只有少量增加.     

铁尾矿制备的分子筛MCM-41吸附剂对废水中Ni2+的吸附行为

以铁尾矿为原料制备出介孔分子筛MCM-41吸附剂,研究了其对废水中Ni2+的吸附行为.结果表明:MCM-41对Ni2+有良好的吸附性能,吸附率随溶液pH值的增加而增加,在pH值为7、吸附时间为80 min时吸附率达到85%以上;Ni2+在MCM-41上的吸附是一个吸热过程,且符合Langmuir吸附等温式,提高温度有利于吸附的进行.     

Removal turbidity and separation of heavy metals using electrocoagulation-electroflotation technique A case study

The electrocoagulation (EC) process was developed to overcome the drawbacks of conventional wastewater treatment technologies. This process is very effective in removing organic pollutants including dyestuff wastewater and allows for the reduction of sludge generation. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of the operating parameters, such as pH, initial concentration (C(0)), duration of treatment (t), current density (j), interelectrode distance (d) and conductivity (kappa) on a synthetic wastewater in the batch electrocoagulation-electroflotation (EF) process. The optimal operating conditions were determined and applied to a textile wastewater and separation of some heavy metals. Initially a batch-type EC-EF reactor was operated at various current densities (11.55, 18.6, 35.94, 56.64, 74.07 and 91.5mA/cm(2)) and various interelectrode distance (1, 2 and 3cm). For solutions with 300mg/L of silica gel, high turbidity removal (89.54%) was obtained without any coagulants when the current density was 11.55mA/cm(2), initial pH was 7.6, conductivity was 2.1mS/cm, duration of treatment was 10min and interelectrode distance was 1cm. The application of the optimal operating parameters on a textile wastewater showed a high removal efficiency for various items: suspended solid (SS) 86.5%, turbidity 81.56%, biological oxygen demand (BOD(5)) 83%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 68%, and color over 92.5%. During the EC process under these conditions, we have studied the separation of some heavy metal ions such as iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) with different initial concentrations in the range of 50-600mg/L and initial pH between 7.5 and 7.8. This allowed us to show that the kinetics of electrocoagulation-electroflotation is very quick (<15min), and the removal rate reaches 95%.     

污泥制备活性炭对 Pb(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附和回收利用

在静态条件下研究了用污泥制备的活性炭吸附剂去除水溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)的效果,考察了溶液pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量和Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)的初始浓度对去除率的影响.结果表明,污泥制备的活性炭吸附剂对Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)具有较强的吸附性能,pH值是影响吸附的主要因素;吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式;在试验条件下,其对Pb(Ⅱ)具有更高的去除能力.还探讨了吸附Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)后回收铅和镍的可行性.     

Removal of Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Ag(I) and Cr(VI) present in aqueous solutions by aluminium electrocoagulation

The performance of an electrocoagulation system with aluminium electrodes for removing heavy metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Cr2O7(2-)) on laboratory scale was studied systematically. Several parameters - such as initial metal concentration, numbers of metals present, charge loading and current density - and their influence on the electrocoagulation process were investigated. Initial concentrations from 50 to 5000 mg L(-1) Zn, Cu, Ni and Ag did not influence the removal rates, whereas higher initial concentrations caused higher removal rates of Cr. Increasing the current density accelerated the electrocoagulation process but made it less efficient. Zn, Cu and Ni showed similar removal rates indicating a uniform electrochemical behavior. The study gave indications on the removal mechanisms of the investigated metals. Zn, Cu, Ni and Ag ions are hydrolyzed and co-precipitated as hydroxides. Cr(VI) was proposed to be reduced first to Cr(III) at the cathode before precipitating as hydroxide.     

用于电镀废水处理的PVDF中空纤维更新液膜性能的评价

采用实验室自制疏水微孔聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维膜组件,以2-乙基己基磷酸(D2EHPA)为载体、磺化煤油为溶剂配制成萃取剂、以硫酸为反萃剂,研究了中空纤维更新液膜萃取过程对镍离子的去除效果。考察了油水相比、不同操作模式、液相温度等系统运行条件及中空纤维和膜组件结构参数对镍离子去除率的影响。3h实验结果表明,油水相比为1∶50,废水与萃取剂混合液流经组件管程的操作模式下镍离子去除率达32.1%;增大纤维内径、减小纤维壁厚利于加速传质;优化的组件装填密度为26.9%,去除率达46.2%,增加组件长度也有助于镍离子的去除。     

Optimization of oil removal from oily wastewater by electrocoagulation using response surface method

Electrocoagulation process with sacrificial aluminium anode was used to separate oil from oily wastewater emulsion. A preliminary experimental study was performed to evaluate the most accurate operating parameters, which are then used for the determination of oil removal efficiency. An experimental design using response surface method (RSM) was then applied and oil separation was estimated by measuring turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). An optimal region characterised with low values of turbidity and COD was found. As part of the optimized process, the main effects of the operational parameters were also investigated. The experimental results indicated that electrocoagulation was very efficient and able to achieve 99% turbidity and 90% chemical oxygen demand (COD) in less than 22 min and current density of 25 mA cm(-2). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high variance coefficient (R(2)) value of 0.998, thus ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the second-order regression model with the experimental data.     

弱酸离子交换纤维对含镍废水的吸附性能研究

系统研究了自制羧基离子交换纤维对电镀废水中Ni 2+的吸附性能。结果表明钠型羧酸纤维的平衡吸附容量远高于相应氢型纤维;静态条件下纤维对Ni 2+的吸附容量可达220mg/g以上;溶液初始浓度、pH值以及温度越高,钠型羧酸纤维的平衡吸附量越大。100～300mg/L范围内的含镍电镀废水经柱吸附后可达国家规定排放浓度(≤0.5mg/L),吸附Ni 2+后的纤维可用2mol/L盐酸溶液解吸,纤维重复使用100次后吸附性能基本不变。     

改性沸石对电镀废水中Pb2+、Zn2+、Ni2+的吸附

将天然沸石进行处理制备出多孔质改性沸石颗粒。在静态条件下，研究了改性沸石颗粒对重金属离子Pb^2 ,Zn^2 ,Ni^2 的吸附效果及条件，含Pb^2 ,Zn^2 ,Ni^2 的电镀废水经改性沸石颗粒吸附后，废水中Pb^2 ,Zn^2 ,Ni^2 的含量低于国家排放标准。     

Electrochemical treatment of deproteinated whey wastewater and optimization of treatment conditions with response surface methodology

Electrochemical treatment of deproteinated whey wastewater produced during cheese manufacture was studied as an alternative treatment method for the first time in literature. Through the preliminary batch runs, appropriate electrode material was determined as iron due to high removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and turbidity. The electrochemical treatment conditions were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM), where applied voltage was kept in the range, electrolyte concentration was minimized, waste concentration and COD removal percent were maximized at 25 degrees C. Optimum conditions at 25 degrees C were estimated through RSM as 11.29 V applied voltage, 100% waste concentration (containing 40 g/L lactose) and 19.87 g/L electrolyte concentration to achieve 29.27% COD removal. However, highest COD removal through the set of runs was found as 53.32% within 8h. These results reveal the applicability of electrochemical treatment to the deproteinated whey wastewater as an alternative advanced wastewater treatment method.