基于对指令数据区分访问的混合cache低功耗策略

在分析现有体系结构级低功耗cache设计方案的基础上,提出了一种混合cache低功耗设计策略,通过在常规混合cache结构上增加一标志域来区分cache某组中的指令和数据,限制了处理器每次访问的路数,从而达到低功耗的效果。详细阐明了该方法的原理和硬件实现,并将其应用到自主研发的龙腾C2微处理器上。实验结果表明,该方法不损耗cache性能,面积牺牲仅1.45%,总功耗降低了23.1%。     

基于移动Agent的cache分配技术

提出了一个cache管理和重分配框架及其基于移动agent的实现。该框架采用cache混合分配方案,并在这种分配方案上应用路径预测算法和移动agent技术进行cache重分配,以支持移动Web浏览和提高无线WWW浏览效率。     

一种低功耗的动态可重构Cache设计

在嵌入式微处理器设计中,cache提高了性能的同时也成了主要的功耗来源.提出一种非统一的动态可重构的低功耗cache结构,和一种动态重构算法DAS(Dynamic Associativity Selection),通过动态重构cache来降低功耗.基于MiBench的仿真结果表明,可重构的cache结构比普通的cache结构的性能更优且能耗更低,指令和数据cache命中率分别平均提高了2.1%和1.4%,内存系统平均能耗降低了8.1%.     

一种低功耗动态可重构cache方案

嵌入式系统中,处理器功耗是十分受关注的,研究表明嵌入式系统中cache存储器的功耗占处理器总功耗的30%～60%。为此提出一种低功耗动态可重构的cache方案Tournament cache,该cache方案通过在传统cache结构的基础上增加三个计数器和一个寄存器,在程序运行的过程中,根据计数器统计的结果动态调整cache的相联度,使得相联度在1、2或4路之间变化,以适应不同程序段的需要,从而降低系统的功耗。实验结果表明,此cache方案对比传统的四路组相联的cache能耗节省超过40%,而且性能的降低几乎可以忽略。     

基于指令行为的Cache可靠性评估研究

软错误由高能粒子撞击所产生,对处理器的可靠性产生很大的损害.随着处理器设计目标转向低功耗、高性能和低供电电压,软错误的发生日益频繁,处理器的可靠性研究也随之受到越来越多的关注.针对传统的基于注错仿真的可靠性评估方法效率低的缺陷,提出了一套系统的cache可靠性评估方法,以可靠性指标之一--体系结构易受损因子(architectural vulnerability factor,AVF))--为研究对象,一方面,基于指令行为分析应用程序运行过程中对最终结果不产生影响的指令,从而确定对cache的AVF产生作用的指令;另一方面,根据cache的存储类型、所采取的写策略,结合cache中数据/指令阵列和地址标识阵列的特点,对cache上的各种相邻操作组合对AVF的影响进行了研究,从而完成AVF评估所需的信息分析.实验部分对PISA体系结构指令cache中的指令阵列进行了AVF评估,说明了该方法的有效性.     

多级缓存模式下的数据块替换优化算法

多数处理器中采用多级包含的cache存储层次,现有的末级cache块替换算法带来的性能开销较大.针对该问题,提出一种优化的末级cache块替换算法PLI,在选择丢弃块时考虑其在上级cache的访问频率,以较小的代价选出最优的LLC替换块.在时钟精确模拟器上的评测结果表明,该算法较原算法性能平均提升7％.     

新的面向低功耗聚芯片上系统可重构技术

针对聚芯SoC的结构特点,提出了一种适用于聚芯SoC的面向低功耗的可重构技术。概述了可重构技术的相关研究,提出了针对聚芯SoC中片上cache的可重构技术,并详细叙述了软硬件两种实现方法,给出了与传统方法功耗比较的实验结果。实验表明,对于Qsort程序,该方法相对传统方法可以降低35.3%的功耗,对于Dijkstra程序,该方法相对传统方法也可以降低46%的功耗。     

面向虚拟机环境的Cache动态划分算法设计与实现

为改善虚拟化系统的cache隔离性,提高系统的整体性能,面向虚拟化环境设计并实现了一种cache动态划分算法。该算法采用页面着色的思想,通过为虚拟机分配私有颜色页面来实现cache的划分,同时能够根据虚拟机的cache需求为其动态调整cache容量。在Xen虚拟环境中实现了该算法。实验结果表明,该算法可以在较低开销的情况下,显著提高多虚拟机上并发程序的全局性能。     

片上多核处理器共享末级缓存动静结合地址映射机制

片上多核处理器(CMP)通常采用私有或者共享的末级高速缓存(cache)结构,而共享末级cache一般使用静态地址映射机制。该机制将各处理器临时私有访问的数据映射于分布在其他处理器的末级cache中,使得各处理器对临时私有数据的访问延时增加。针对该问题,提出了一种动静结合的共享末级cache地址映射方法。该方法可将原来静态映射于其他处理器末级cache中的临时私有数据动态映射于访问者处理器的本地末级cache中,减少了大量静态映射所造成的长延时非本地末级cache访问,从而有效降低了整个共享末级cache的访问延时,在提高性能的同时降低了功耗和带宽使用。实验结果表明,动静结合的地址映射方式应用于采用环连接互连结构和侦听顺序环协议的CMP结构时,可获得的平均性能提升为9%,最大性能提升为38%。     

片上多处理器中延迟和容量权衡的cache结构

片上多处理器中二级cache的设计面临着延迟和容量不能同时满足的矛盾,私有结构有较小的命中延迟但是减少了cache的有效容量,共享结构能增加cache的有效容量但是有较长的命中延迟.提出了一种适用于CMP的cache结构——延迟和容量权衡的cache结构(TCLC).该结构是一种混合私有结构和共享结构的设计,核心思想是动态识别cache块的共享类型,根据不同共享类型分别对其进行优化,对私有cache块采用迁移的优化策略,对共享只读cache块采用复制的优化策略,对共享读写cache块采用中心放置的优化策略,以期达到访问延迟接近私有结构,有效容量接近共享结构的目的,从而缓解线延迟的影响,减少平均内存访问延迟.全系统模拟的实验结果表明,采用TCLC结构,相对于私有结构性能平均提高13.7%,相对于共享结构性能平均提高12%.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.