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1.
Flaxseed protein isolates were prepared by micellisation (FM) and isoeletric precipitation (FI). The influence of preparation conditions on composition and functional properties was investigated. Contents of 0.6% phytic acid and 2.3% pentosans were found for FI, whereas FM was almost phytic acid‐free and had a low content of pentosans (0.6%). Chromatography and electrophoresis identified the 11S globulin (linin) as the main protein fraction in both isolates. Protein solubility, water‐ and oil‐binding capacities, emulsification and rheological properties of dispersions and gels were measured at pH 8 and 3. For the latter, interactions of protein with phytic acid and pentosans are highly probable. FI possesses a lower solubility (about 40–50%) and an overall higher water‐binding capacity than FM. For FI dispersions a higher storage modulus G′ than loss modulus G″ was measured, clearly pointing to the formation of protein networks. Moreover, FI formed stronger gels than FM (G′ about fivefold). The emulsifying activity, however, was distinctly lower for FI. These results point to enhanced complexation and aggregation of the isoelectric‐precipitated protein isolate. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

2.
榛子分离蛋白提取及其功能特性的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以低变性榛子饼为原料,经脱脂后采用碱提酸沉法提取榛子分离蛋白,确定了最佳提取工艺条件,并分析了榛子分离蛋白的功能特性.结果表明,提取榛子分离蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:15,碱提pH9.0,碱提温度50℃,碱提时间70 min,酸沉pH4.5.最佳条件下榛子分离蛋白的溶解性、持水性和吸油性分别为34.0%、2.6 mL/g和2.15 mL/g,乳化性、乳化稳定性、起泡性和泡沫稳定性分别为61.2%、85.0%、86.5%和24.0%,榛子分离蛋白的等电点为4.52.  相似文献   

3.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
ABSTRACT: In this study, the effects of alcohol defatting using ethanol, methanol, and non-alcoholic aqueous extraction methods on the yield, purity, and functionality of soy protein isolates were investigated. Soy protein extraction conditions were also modified (heat and mild acidic treatment before protein alkaline extraction, heat isoelectric precipitation, and non-neutral resolubilization of proteins), and the effects on the isolate properties were evaluated. Results showed that ethanol and aqueous extraction were potential alternatives to hexane. The soy protein isolates (SPI) obtained from these samples had protein contents of more than 90% and 84%, respectively, with functional properties comparable to those of SPI prepared from hexane defatted meal. Major differences were a decrease in the emulsifying activity properties of the SPIs resulting from the alternative defatting techniques, with, however, improved emulsion stability and foaming properties for the aqueous extracted SPIs. A marked decrease in the fat-holding capacity of the SPI made from methanol defatted meal was also noted. Modifying the protein isolation procedure also greatly influenced the functional properties of soy protein isolates. The results of the present investigation demonstrate that soy processing conditions can be modified to obtain soy proteins ingredients with specific functional properties.  相似文献   

4.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
ABSTRACT: Solubility, surface properties, overrun, foam stability, apparent viscosity, and emulsification properties were evaluated for 3% protein dispersions of deamidated wheat protein (DWP), sodium caseinate (SC), soy protein isolate (SPI), and whey protein isolate (WPI). DWP dispersion had the highest apparent viscosity, 25% higher emulsion activity index (EAI), and 82% higher emulsion stability index (ESI) when compared to SPI dispersions. Dispersions of DWP had similar foaming properties and surface properties when compared to SC, but had 50% higher EAI and 1000% greater ESI when compared to the 2 dairy proteins. The utilization of DWP could be expanded into liquid food systems currently using dairy proteins.  相似文献   

5.
紫苏分离蛋白功能性研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
盛彩虹  刘晔  刘大川  李江平  李俊 《食品科学》2011,32(17):137-140
为了开发紫苏蛋白在食品工业中的应用,以大豆分离蛋白为对照,研究紫苏分离蛋白的功能特性。结果表明:紫苏分离蛋白的溶解性与大豆分离蛋白的溶解性随pH值变化的趋势基本一致,但在等电点时紫苏分离蛋白的溶解性高于大豆分离蛋白。在pH7.0时,紫苏分离蛋白的持水性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性、乳化性和凝胶性均不及大豆分离蛋白。但紫苏分离蛋白的吸油性仅稍小于大豆分离蛋白,此外,在紫苏分离蛋白的蛋白质质量浓度为3g/100mL以后,其乳化稳定性与大豆分离蛋白的乳化稳定性基本相当。紫苏分离蛋白在食品加工中作为一种蛋白质强化剂具有一定潜力。  相似文献   

6.
大豆分离蛋白的改性及其对功能性质的影响   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11  
大豆分离蛋白是大豆蛋白最为精制的形式,作为一种组成成分,它广泛应用于食品工业,在不同的产品中表现出不同的功能。为了探讨改性大豆分离蛋白的功能性质,主要综述了近年来有关大豆分离蛋白物理、化学、酶法改性方面的研究,以及这些改性对大豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响,同时也提供了大豆分离蛋白基因工程改性方面的研究进展。结果表明,经过不同方式的适当改性可产生合适的功能性质,拓宽大豆分离蛋白在食品工业中应用的范围。  相似文献   

7.
大豆分离蛋白改性技术的研究与发展趋势   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
大豆分离蛋白因其高蛋白营养功能和不同的功能特性而广泛应用于食品工业,为了探讨改性大豆分离蛋白的功能特性,综述了近年来大豆分离蛋白改性的研究方法以及改性后功能特性方面的最新研究进展。根据当前的研究现状及存在的问题对今后发展提出几点展望,不同方式的改性可产生合适的功能特性,拓宽大豆分离蛋白的应用领域。  相似文献   

8.
The relationship of hydrophobicity and solubility with some functional properties of cowpea protein isolate was determined. Cowpea protein isolate was prepared by alkali extraction followed by precipitation at pH 4.5. The precipitated proteins were then neutralized to pH 7. Heating of the protein isolate to 100°C for 10 min followed by cooling to room temperature resulted in a significant (P ≦ 0.05) decrease in aromatic hydrophobicity (ARH) when compared to the native protein isolate. The inclusion of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) during heating gave a significant (P ≦ 0-05) 1.7-fold increase while inclusion of mercaptoethanol (ME) gave a significant (P ≦ 0.05) 2.5-fold increase in ARH of the cooled protein solution. Protein solubility (PS), foam expansion (FE) and emulsification activity index (EAI) of the isolate generally increased significantly (P ≦ 0.05) upon heating or treatment with urea or SDS or a combination of SDS and ME. Backward stepwise multiple regression was used to obtain equations for predicting emulsifying and foaming properties of the protein isolate from solubility and hydrophobicity parameters. PS, ARH and aliphatic hydrophobicity (ALH) were important in predicting foam stability and emulsion stability, while PS and ALH were important for predicting FE. ALH alone was important for predicting EAI.  相似文献   

9.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of partial enzymatic hydrolysis on functional properties of two different pea protein isolates obtained from two pea genotypes, Maja and L1. Papain and commercial protease (Streptomyces griseus protease) were used for protein modification. Solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties were estimated at four different pH values (3.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 8.0). Papain increased solubility of L1 pea protein isolate at pH 3.0, 5.0 and 8.0, emulsifying properties and foaming capacity at all pH values. Otherwise, papain increased solubility of Maja pea protein isolate only at pH 8.0. This pea protein isolate modified with both enzymes formed emulsions with improved stability at lower pH (3.0, 5.0). The commercial protease‐prepared pea protein isolates showed generally low solubility and different emulsifying and foaming properties. Proper selection of enzyme, conditions of hydrolysis and genotypes could result in production of pea protein isolates with desirable functional properties.  相似文献   

10.
酶法改性大豆分离蛋白最新研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为改进大豆分离蛋白(SPI)的功能特性,近年来,人们广泛研究了对大豆分离蛋白进行酶处理改性来引起分子结构的变化。经过适当的改性可以得到符合人们所期望的功能特性,提高其作为功能性成分在食品工业中的应用。综述了近年来国内外有关大豆分离蛋白酶法改性方面的研究,并着重介绍大豆分离蛋白酶法改性对其功能性质的影响,分析了酶法改性大豆分离蛋白存在的问题,并对大豆分离蛋白酶法改性的应用方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

11.
本文研究了不同加热条件制备和表征富含异黄酮的大豆蛋白及其功能性,该蛋白极大改善了异黄酮的难溶性。选择了在pH 6.4和pH 7.0加热制备了富含纯天然大豆异黄酮(SPIG)和苷元型异黄酮(SPIA)的大豆蛋白。与大豆分离蛋白(SPI)相比,加热的SPI(HSPI)、SPIG和SPIA的发泡能力提高,pH 7.0条件下的SPIG的发泡能力为165.77±2.90%,强于其它几种条件下添加异黄酮的蛋白。同SPI相比,加入异黄酮后大豆蛋白的持水能力下降,其中SPIA6.4的持水能力最低。采用SPI、大豆蛋白与纯天然大豆异黄酮的混合物及与苷元异黄酮的混合物(MixG和MixA)、HSPI及SPIG、SPIA分别制备了乳液。SPI制备的乳液的d43为1.35±0.12μm,MixG和MixA制备的乳液的d43为25.41±1.32μm和24.57±1.73μm,SPIG、SPIA制备乳液的d43为38.99±0.89μm和34.50±0.48μm。离心条件下的SPIG和SPIA制备的乳液的稳定系数相对降低,但该乳液同SPI制备的乳液相比具有更加良好的塑性,激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)的结果与d43结论相一致。  相似文献   

12.
    
BACKGROUND: The protein isolate obtained from safflower meal by aqueous extraction and ultrafiltration was evaluated for its physicochemical and functional properties. RESULTS: Protein, ash and moisture contents of the safflower protein isolate were 901, 51 and 45 g kg?1 respectively. Its water and oil absorption capacities were 2.22 mL H2O g?1 protein and 2.77 mL oil g?1 protein respectively. Least gelation concentration was 20 g kg?1 at pH 2, 6, 8 and 10 but 100 g kg?1 at pH 4. Emulsifying properties were also affected by the pH: emulsifying activity and emulsion stability at pH 6 were 82.5 and 100% respectively. The highest foaming capacity (126%) occurred at pH 2; however, it increased by 104% with the addition of 0.25 g glucose g?1 protein to the foam system. CONCLUSION: In the light of its functional properties found in this study, safflower protein isolate produced by ultrafiltration is recommended for use as an ingredient in food products such as salad dressing, meat products, mayonnaise, cakes, ice cream and desserts. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

13.
红小豆分离蛋白功能特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张波  黄英  薛文通 《食品科学》2012,33(19):71-74
研究红小豆分离蛋白的溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性和起泡稳定性,并与大豆分离蛋白进行对比。结果表明:红小豆分离蛋白在较低的pH值下具有更好的溶解性,吸油性、乳化性和起泡性与大豆分离蛋白相当,但比大豆分离蛋白具有更好的乳化稳定性和起泡稳定性。  相似文献   

14.
酶改性大豆分离蛋白的制备及产品功能性的研究   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10  
刘大川  杨国燕 《中国油脂》2004,29(12):56-61
为了改善碱溶酸沉法大豆分离蛋白产品(简称SPI)的功能性,采用有限酶解的方法,从6种蛋白酶中选出中性蛋白酶(Neutrase)作为改性用酶.通过单因素实验,分析了底物浓度,E/S,反应时间对水解度和氮收率的影响,并通过正交实验确定制备酶改性大豆分离蛋白(简称ESPI)的最佳工艺参数为:底物浓度为3%,E/S为1 200U/g,时间为60 min.得到的ESPI的蛋白含量与SPI相近,但NSI由SPI的90%提高到97%.而且在功能性方面,ESPI也得到了很好的改善,尤其是乳化性和起泡性.  相似文献   

15.
以液压冷榨和亚临界低温循环脱脂所得的南瓜籽粕为原料,利用碱提酸沉复合超滤循环溶剂法制备了南瓜籽分离蛋白,研究了南瓜籽分离蛋白的功能性质及其与市售大豆分离蛋白的差异,以期为南瓜籽分离蛋白的加工利用提供参考。结果表明:南瓜籽组分蛋白以谷蛋白和球蛋白为主,分别占(44.27 ± 1.85)%和(39.73 ± 1.40)%,其次为清蛋白(15.16 ± 3.83)%和醇溶蛋白(0.84 ± 0.35)%。南瓜籽分离蛋白的最优的提取条件为:pH 10、料液比1:40、温度50 °C,时间1.5 h。与传统碱提酸沉法相比,碱溶酸沉复合超滤法(溶剂循环2次)对南瓜籽分离蛋白的提取率和纯度没有显著性影响,碱用量降低了约63%,酸用量降低了约68%,NaCl废水的产生量减少了约82%,且简化了后续处理,是一种更加绿色的提取工艺。SDS-PAGE显示南瓜籽分离蛋白的亚基主要分布在19和35 Ku附近,与大豆分离蛋白大亚基分布明显不同;南瓜籽分离蛋白的持水性显著低于大豆分离蛋白,乳化性、起泡性和起泡稳定性略低大豆分离蛋白,而持油性和凝胶性远高于大豆分离蛋白,且凝胶的硬度和胶着性分别是大豆分离蛋白凝胶的5.4倍和10.2倍,表明南瓜籽分离蛋白在构建植物基凝胶结构方面具有应用潜力。  相似文献   

16.
    
Canola meal protein isolates were prepared from defatted canola meal flour using alkaline solubilization and acid precipitation. A central composite design was used to model 2nd-order response surfaces for the protein yield and the functional properties of protein isolates. The solubilization pH and precipitation pH were used as design factors. The models showed that the protein yield and functional properties of isolates, such as water absorption and fat absorption, were sensitive to both solubilization pH and precipitation pH, whereas the emulsification was sensitive to only solubilization pH. Gel electrophoresis analysis of protein fractions gave evidence to the compositional changes between proteins isolated under different conditions. Differences in glass transition temperatures suggest that proteins tend to be more denatured when solubilized at highly alkaline conditions. These conformational and compositional changes due to different protein separation conditions have contributed to the changes in functional properties of protein isolates. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Protein isolation conditions may be determined primarily through optimization of total protein yield. Improvements in protein functional properties may be achieved with a relatively small sacrifice in yield by altering isolation conditions.  相似文献   

17.
为了提高藜麦蛋白的功能特性和利用率,通过不同萌发时间(0,12,24,48 h)处理藜麦,采用传统碱溶酸沉法提取藜麦分离蛋白(QPI),对其结构特性与功能特性进行分析。结果显示:与未经萌发组相比,经萌发处理的QPI结构更加致密,孔洞结构明显减少,表面均匀平滑。当萌发时间从24 h变为48 h时,可以观察到QPI起泡性和泡沫稳定性明显的下降。萌发处理48 h时,QPI表面疏水性、乳化性、乳化稳定性均达到最大值,分别为6.67、88.8%和74.65%,溶解度最低(0.33%)。此外,萌发促使藜麦蛋白体结构降解,高分子质量蛋白条带逐渐消失,藜麦蛋白质的变性温度均有不同程度的降低,酰胺Ⅱ带等范围的官能团伸缩振动明显增强,影响QPI的功能特性。这些结果表明萌发处理可以显著影响QPI的结构和功能特性,为萌发藜麦的加工处理提供技术参考,为未来植物蛋白的改性与应用提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

18.
射频加热对大豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了不同极板间距(120,160和200 mm)下射频加热大豆分离蛋白分散液(0.03 g/mL)至不同温度(70,80和90℃),对大豆分离蛋白溶解性、乳化性、起泡性和热稳定性的影响。结果表明:射频加热能够提高大豆分离蛋白的溶解性、乳化性、起泡能力及热稳定性,并随着射频加热时间的增加(极板间距增大)而增加,在200 mm时有最高值。经射频处理的大豆分离蛋白的泡沫稳定性降低,相较于120 mm极板间距,160 mm和200mm极板间距时泡沫稳定性下降较少。  相似文献   

19.
热烘改性对大豆分离蛋白功能性的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
研究了利用热处理对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)进行改性。热烘改性对SPI的吸水性、吸油性、发泡性和泡沫稳定性无显著性影响,常温粘度、高温粘度、耐热性、凝胶性和保水性分别比对照提高了118%、135%、108%、81%和83%。比较适宜的热烘改性条件为10min/85℃。  相似文献   

20.
为研究赤藓糖醇对豌豆分离蛋白结构和功能特性的影响,利用8-苯胺基-1-萘磺酸钠荧光探针法、紫外和荧光光谱法,研究赤藓糖醇对豌豆分离蛋白溶解性、持水性、起泡性、乳化性及表面疏水性等的影响。结果表明:随赤藓糖醇质量分数的增加,豌豆分离蛋白的溶解性基本呈先增加后下降趋势,且均在pH4.0处最低。持水性逐渐增加,且均在pH5.0处最低。起泡性和乳化性均先增加后趋于平稳。当赤藓糖醇质量分数在0~10%范围内,表面疏水性逐渐增加,随后趋于稳定。随赤藓糖醇质量分数增加,色氨酸残基暴露在蛋白质分子表面,荧光强度先增加后趋于稳定,且与表面疏水性变化趋势相同。该研究表明,适度赤藓糖醇处理可改善豌豆分离蛋白的结构和功能特性。  相似文献   

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