桐油改性处理对PE木塑复合材料性能的影响

采用桐油改性处理木粉,分析了固化剂的组成对桐油固化时间的影响;桐油的含量对木塑复合材料吸水率、力学性能以及防霉性能的影响。结果表明:固化剂和催干剂的添加明显缩短了桐油的固化时间,当环烷酸钴重量为1份,H_2O_2为14份,固化时间为14 min时,具有较快的固化时间和固化效果;用桐油改性处理木粉可显著降低木塑复合材料的吸水率;随着桐油含量的增加,吸水率明显降低,当桐油含量达到8%时,40 d的吸水率为10.7%;且木塑复合材料的吸水率越低,其吸水后强度的变化越小;防霉结果显示,桐油的处理对木塑材料的防霉抑菌具有一定的效果。     

PE交联改性在木塑复合材料中的应用

以木粉为填料,废旧 HDPE 为塑料基体,用压制成型法制备了木粉质量含量高达70%的木粉/HDPE复合材料,对比研究PE交联改性技术和MAPE增容技术在木塑复合材料中的应用.结果表明:PE的交联改性可明显提高PE塑料基体的强度,从而可以进一步提高整个复合材料的强度.当MAPE质量含量为l%,DCP质量含量为1.5%时,木塑复合材料的强度可与MAPE质量含量为3%的木塑复合材料相媲美.SEM分析表明:MAPE可以改善木粉与塑料的界面相容性,PE的交联改性对木塑复合材料界面的相容性的改善无贡献.     

木质纤维填料对PE–HD基木塑复合材料热性能的影响

分别以木粉、竹粉、稻壳粉三种木质纤维为填料,高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)为基体,采用模压成型法制备木塑复合材料,对复合材料的热膨胀性能和热失重特性进行了研究。结果表明,三种木质纤维填充PE–HD复合材料的线性热膨胀系数顺序为:PE–HD/木粉复合材料PE–HD/竹粉复合材料PE–HD/稻壳粉复合材料;PE–HD/木粉复合材料的线性热膨胀系数随着木粉含量的增加和木粉粒径的减小而减小,木粉质量分数为65%、粒径为150μm时,复合材料的线性热膨胀系数最小。PE–HD基木塑复合材料的热分解过程分为两个阶段,第一阶段主要为木质纤维分解阶段,第二阶段主要是PE–HD分解阶段;PE–HD/木粉复合材料起始失重温度高于竹粉和稻壳粉填充的复合材料;且PE–HD/木粉复合材料中木粉含量越高,第一阶段分解速率及失重量越大;木粉粒径越小,复合材料起始分解温度越低。     

木粉改性处理与木塑复合材料性能研究

通过对木粉进行改性处理,研究了不同改性剂及处理条件对高密度聚乙烯木塑复合材料物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:改性剂使木粉的玻璃化温度降低,纤维素的结晶度提高;随着改性剂用量的增加,木塑复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度、弹性模量都有所提高,吸水率也略有升高;50℃下处理48h的木粉制备的木塑复合材料的物理力学性能较好;改性剂C处理的木塑复合材料综合性能较好。     

影响木塑复合材料应用的关键性能研究

文章针对影响木塑复合材料应用的关键性能进行研究,结果表明,当木粉含量为50份时,复合材料仍具有良好的力学性能;随着木粉含量的增加,复合材料的吸水率增大;木粉的加入可以降低火焰的水平传播速率,起到一定的阻燃作用;加入防霉剂可以改善复合材料的防霉抗菌性能。     

木粉含量对木粉/PE复合材料胶接性能的影响

研究了木粉含量对木粉/PE(聚乙烯)复合材料表面性能的影响,并探讨了木粉含量对AEA(双组分丙烯酸酯胶粘剂)和EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯)-HMA(热熔胶)胶接的木粉/PE复合材料之胶接性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着木粉含量的增加,打磨的木塑复合材料表面含氧基团增多,而未打磨的表面基本没有含氧基团;AEA胶接打磨木塑复合材料的胶接强度随木粉含量增加而增大,而木粉含量对EVA-HMA胶接木塑复合材料的影响无规律性且较小;此外,试件表面水的接触角受试件表面粗糙复杂程度的影响大于材料表面亲/疏水性所产生的影响。     

高填充木塑复合材料耐化学腐蚀性研究

将聚乙烯(PE)进行接枝改性,研究了改性PE用量对高填充木塑复合材料(WPC)耐化学腐蚀性的影响。结果表明:保持改性PE和未改性PE总用量不变,三种化学试剂(HCl、NaOH及H2O2)对高填充WPC质量变化率的影响随着改性PE用量的增加而逐渐减弱。其中HCl溶液对高填充WPC的质量变化率影响最大;NaOH溶液对WPC力学性能的影响高于其他两种化学试剂;在木粉用量固定为70%时,改性PE用量对经化学试剂腐蚀后的WPC的弯曲性能和冲击性能无明显补强作用。     

PE-g-MAH对高份额木粉填充PE木塑性能的影

以回收高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)和马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（PE-g-MAH）的总含量为27 %(质量分数,下同)、木粉含量为70 %、润滑剂为3 %为基本配方,用挤出成型法制备了高份额木粉填充的木塑复合材料。研究了配方中PE-g-MAH的含量对木塑复合材料性能的影响,结果表明,在保持配方中PE-g-MAH和PE-HD的总含量为27 %不变的条件下,随着PE-g-MAH的含量从0增加到27 ％,制得的木塑复合材料的拉伸强度从12.5 MPa增大到34.7 MPa,弯曲强度从30.0 MPa增大到64.0 MPa,冲击强度从3.9 kJ&;#61655;m-2增大到14.1 kJ&;#61655;m-2,吸水率从2.51 ％减少到0.04 ％。红外光谱表明,木塑复合材料中木粉与PE-g-MAH之间形成了酯键。     

异氰酸酯对木塑力学性能与疏水性的影响

将木粉表面的羟基分别与异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)反应,再与聚乙烯(PE)通过挤出混合,挤出成型制备出了不同处理效果的木塑复合材料(WPC)。在不同种类和不同浓度的条件下,异氰酸酯改性木粉对木塑复合材料(WPC)的力学性能以及吸水率具有不同的影响。红外光谱(FTIR)和接触角测试表明,异氰酸酯成功接枝到木粉上。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)观察木粉与聚乙烯(PE)的相容性变化,通过微机控制电子万能试验机测试不同处理条件下的木塑复合材料力学性能,并参照GB/T 1462—2005计算了木塑吸水率。结果表明,在质量比为TDI∶木粉=5∶100条件下,木塑的力学性能和疏水效果最佳,拉伸强度达到27.8±0.7 MPa,浸入水中48 h吸水率达到0.45%。     

木塑复合材料配方组成对其线性热膨胀系数的影响

以PP、HDPE、POE、EPDM或其共混物作为塑料基体,以木粉作为填充料,用挤出成型法制备了PP/PE基和PP基木塑复合材料(WPC),研究了配方中各组分的热膨胀特性、配方中塑料基体组成变化、以及配方中木粉含量变化等因素对所制得的WPC线性热膨胀系数的影响.结果表明:制备WPC的主要原料线性热膨胀系数的大小顺序为:木粉＜聚丙烯＜聚乙烯＜增韧剂,其中各塑料成分的线性热膨胀系数均远大于木粉,随着WPC中塑料含量增加,WPC的线性热膨胀系数增加;随着配方中PP/PE比值增加,WPC的线性热膨胀系数减小;随着配方中增韧剂EPDM或POE用量增加,WPC的线性热膨胀系数增大.     

PBS/PBAT共混型全生物降解材料的制备及其性能研究

通过熔融共混法制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）/聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）共混物,用熔体流动速率法、扫描量热法、X射线衍射、扫描电镜法及力学性能测试等手段研究了PBS/PBAT共混物的熔体流动性、结晶性能、力学性能以及共混物相容性。结果表明,随着PBAT含量的增加,PBS/PBAT共混体系的拉伸强度先升高后降低,断裂伸长率不断提高,冲击强度先降低后提高;当PBAT含量为20 %（质量分数,下同）时,与纯PBS相比,断裂伸长率提高10倍,冲击强度提高82 %,而拉伸强度仅仅降低6 %。     

Preparation of novel UV-curable methacrylated urethane resins from a modified epoxy resin and isocyanatoethylmethacrylate (IEM)

Summary New UV curable methacrylated urethanes (PAPHEN-XIEM) were synthesized by substituting X percent (e.g., 10, 20, 30 %) of the total OH content of the PAPHEN-301 (Scheme 1) with isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM). These resins were used alone (neat resin formulation) or as a mixture of 5, 10 and 13 % (w/w) respectively with methacrylated urethane prepolymer (PTHFUMA) in UV systems. For neat resin formulations, tensile strength and modulus values were observed to be inversely proportional with the modification degree of PAPHEN-301 as opposed to what is normally expected. This may be explained as a result of screening effect of increasing unsaturation. The water absorption capacities for neat resins and PTHFUMA-included formulations were decreased as the modification degree increased due to the replacement of hydrophilic OH groups of PAPHEN-301 by the hydrophobic methacrylate groups. TGA thermograms of neat resin formulation show that, initial weight loss temperatures are lower; possibly owing to the higher methacrylate content in the formulations. Received: 26 June 2001/Revised version: 5 April 2001/Accepted: 5 April 2001     

木粉表面处理对PVC／木粉复合材料性能的影响

使用钛酸酯偶联剂、油酸酰胺、聚氨酯预聚物三种表面改性剂处理木粉并制备了PVC／木粉复合材料，研究了表面改性剂的不同种类和不同用量对复合体系性能和结构的影响。结果表明：几种木粉表面处理剂均可明显提高复合材料的力学性能，其中使用4份聚氨酯预聚体和6份油酸酰胺处理木粉表面的复合体系的力学性能较优；使用表面改性剂处理木粉，也可以明显改善复合体系的流变性能；同时扫描电镜观察也发现同样规律，体系中添加改性剂，PVC与木粉的相容性明显改善，材料性能也有所提高，但表面改性剂用量过多，也会造成木粉团聚，从而影响复合材料的性能。     

乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物树脂改性天然木粉的性能研究

采用一种新型方法以改善木粉与烯烃树脂的相容性,利用乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)对天然木粉进行表面改性。通过漫反射红外光谱分析木粉改性前后的表面化学基团变化,利用热失重曲线分析木粉的热稳定性,并结合微观扫描电镜分析改性前后木粉表面微观形态变化。结果表明,红外谱图中改性后木粉的羟基峰基本消失,从而降低了原始木粉表面的化学极性,改善了改性木粉与聚合物基体的相容性;EVA 的加入会提高木粉的热稳定性,并且阻止木粉吸附空气中的水分;扫描电镜分析表明,EVA 可以包覆木粉表面,添加过量 EVA 会使木粉颗粒之间相互粘接,当 EVA 用量为15%(质量分数,下同)时,在木粉表面可以形成比较完整的 EVA 包覆层。     

PVC/PE基木塑复合材料性能研究

以氯化聚乙烯(CPE)、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)、聚丙烯酸酯(ACR)为改性剂,采用二辊开炼机制备PVC/PE共混体系及其木塑复合材料(WPC),并采用热压成型的方法制备材料试样.考察了改性剂和木粉对PVC/PE及其WPC力学性能、加工性能及动态热机械性能的影响.结果显示:CPE能够显著提高PVC/PE共混体系的机械性能,使材料加工性能下降,储能模量降低;MAPE则能使PVC木塑复合材料力学性能大幅提高;ACR则能够提高材料的加工性能,使材料储能模量增大;木粉的加入使复合材料加工性能大幅下降,材料储能模量提高,损耗因子下降.     

改性橡胶木粉/HDPE复合材料结构和力学性能的研究

用硅烷偶联剂A-171和天然橡胶胶乳(MGL-30)改性碱处理后的橡胶木粉。研究了木粉粒径、改性剂和木粉质量分数对橡胶木粉填充HDPE复合材料力学性能的影响,并对复合材料的断面形貌和木粉的表面结构进行了SEM分析。结果表明:木粉粒径、改性剂及木粉质量分数对复合材料力学性能有较大的影响。改性后木粉与基体HDPE的界面粘结强度提高,从而有效地提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of melt‐intercalated polyethylene‐clay nanocomposites

The influence of nanoclay particles on the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of intercalated polyethylene (PE) prepared by melt‐compounding was investigated. It is observed that the crystallization peak temperature (T_p) of PE/clay nanocomposites is slightly but consistently higher than the neat PE at various cooling rates. The half‐time (t_0.5) for crystallization decreased with increase in clay content, implying the nucleating role of nanoclay particles. The nonisothermal crystallization data are analyzed using the approach of Avrami (Polymer 1971, 12, 150), Ozawa (Polym Eng Sci 1997, 37, 443), and Mo and coworkers (J Res Natl Bur Stand 1956, 57, 217), and the validity of the different kinetic models to the nonisothermal crystallization process of PE/clay nanocomposites is discussed. The approach developed by Mo and coworkers successfully explains the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of PE and PE/clay nanocomposites. The activation energy for nonisothermal crystallization of neat PE and PE/clay nanocomposites is determined using the Kissinger (J Res Natl Bur Stand 1956, 57, 217) method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3809–3818, 2006     

Graft copolymers of poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyamide-6 via in situ anionic polymerization of ε-caprolactam and their properties

Graft copolymers of poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyamide-6 (PMMA-g–PA6) were investigated via in situ anionic polymerization of ε-caprolactam, using PMMA precursors with N-carbamated caprolactam pendants (PMMA–CCL) as macroactivators and sodium caprolactamate as catalyst. Three grades of PMMA–CCLs obtained by free radical copolymerization were used for synthesizing the PMMA-g–PA6 copolymers with different PMMA content. The resulting graft copolymer was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and selective extraction. Scanning electron microscopy is used to clarify the phase morphology of obtained polymer by fracture surface. The thermal property, crystallinity and dimensional stability of graft copolymer were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and water absorption measurement. The results show the T_g of graft copolymer is higher than that of neat PA6, but the onset and peak points of graft copolymer melting point are shifted to lower temperature. The percentage crystallinity and water absorption of PMMA-g–PA6 copolymer decrease with increasing PMMA content, but the crystal structure of PA6 is scarcely affected by the presence of PMMA. Graft copolymers have improved dimensional stabilities relative to neat PA6. Upon the incorporation of 19.9 wt% PMMA into PA6, the water absorption of PMMA-g–PA6 copolymer has been reduced from 4.8 for neat PA6 to 2.1%.     

Preparation and evaluation of composites containing polypropylene and cotton gin trash

Composites of polypropylene (PP) and cotton gin trash (GT) were prepared to enhance the utilization of agro-based materials in industrial products. GT was modified by two methods: toluene washed only, and toluene washed and treated with maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP). These GT samples were extruded with PP, including MAPP and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer in various weight ratios (32 composites total). The PP composites displayed tensile strengths close to that of the neat PP, and exhibited higher values of tensile modulus and lower elongation at break than the neat PP. Based on DSC measurements, the PP composites containing 10 wt% GT exhibited two crystalline regimes, while those containing 20 wt% GT were similar in crystallinity to that of the neat PP. The composites were also characterized using SEM, TGA, water absorption tests, and contact angle measurements. These composites represent a more sustainable alternative to neat, fossil fuel-based PP.     

Cellulose NANOFIBER‐polyethylene nanocomposites modified by polyvinyl alcohol

The uniform dispersion of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in non‐polar polymer matrices is a primary problem to overcome in creating novel nanocomposites from these materials. The aim of this study was to produce CNF‐polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites by melt compounding followed by injection molding to investigate the possibility of using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to improve the dispersion of CNF in the PE matrix. The tensile strength of CNF‐ filled composites was 17.4 MPa with the addition of 5 wt % CNF–PVA, which was 25% higher than the strength of neat PE. The tensile modulus of elasticity increased by 40% with 5% CNF–PVA addition. Flexural properties also significantly increased with increased CNF loading. Shear viscosity increased with increasing CNF content. The elastic moduli of the PE/CNF composites from rheological measurements were greater than those of the neat PE matrix because of the intrinsic rigidity of CNF. Melt creep compliance decreased by about 13% and 45% for the composites with 5 wt % CNF and 10 wt % CNF, respectively. It is expected that the PVA carrier system can contribute to the development of a process methodology to effectively disperse CNFs containing water in a polymer matrix. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 42933.