低温冻硝对卤水析晶路线的影响研究

本研究旨在区别硫酸镁亚型盐湖卤水直接蒸发析晶规律与冷冻脱除芒硝后的蒸发析晶规律,为该类卤水的盐田工艺控制提供指导。结果表明:低温冻硝可简化卤水盐田工艺,有助于提高钾石盐、光卤石成矿率和钾离子盐田回收率;盐田工艺中应及时分离芒硝,防止其随气温升高回溶于卤水。     

罗布泊盐湖卤水等温蒸发研究

罗布泊盐湖卤水属含钾硫酸镁亚型卤水。通过罗布泊罗北凹地卤水等温（25℃）蒸发试验,获得卤水在等温蒸发过程中的析盐规律及析盐质量分数规律,为盐田工艺及卤水开发利用提供了可靠依据。     

浅析罗布泊镁资源开发利用现状

对罗布泊盐湖卤水中的镁资源的开发利用现状进行了综合评述,主要评述内容包括利用盐田泻利盐矿生产硫酸钾镁肥、七水硫酸镁、无水硫酸镁,以及利用水氯镁石生产无水氯化镁等。     

滩田法生产七水硫酸镁

以Ｎａ＾＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋／／Ｃｌ＾－、ＳＯ＾２－４－Ｈ２Ｏ四元体系相图为依据,结合运城盐湖卤水情况气象条件,从理论上阐述了运城盐湖滩田法生产七水硫酸镁的可行性,同时确定了工艺流程及工艺条件。并介绍近几年来理论指导生产的情况。     

关于卤水和盐腔资源科学利用的探讨

文中描述的是卤水制盐比较有代表性的操作方法,以及把卤水做为原料用于生产两碱的主要过程,论述了采卤盐盐腔放扎起收纳污垢、储存气体的可能性和几种比较基本的方法。在业界可以对这项工艺进行较大的投入,将传统的单一的卤水制盐生产技术观念改变过来,使得盐腔的生产有着更为科学合理的操作方法,给盐碱结合、卤水直接用于两碱的的生产提供了更好的条件。     

卤水制碱的生产现状及其展望

比较了卤子与海盐的有关特点，介绍了目前国内卤水制碱的有关工艺情况，探讨了卤水制碱生产中有关问题的处理方法，并对卤水制碱的发展前景进行展望。     

卤水结晶精制技术在氯碱生产中的运用

介绍了全卤制碱工艺中卤水结晶精制技术，总结了该卤水精制技术在氯碱生产中运用的经验。     

室温酸化卤水结晶硼酸的生产试验

阐述了盐湖卤水酸化提取硼酸的工艺原理,改盐酸为硫酸对室温酸化盐湖卤水直接结晶硼酸的工艺进行了生产跟踪试验,即通过用酸量、pH值的控制点、加酸速度、搅拌速度、反应结晶时间等条件,维持卤水中硼酸的过饱和度,改善硼酸的成核速率和生长速率,从而结晶出纯硼酸,进行了全流程生产循环试验,对盐湖硼资源的开发有重要意义。     

西藏鄂雅错盐湖卤水兑卤蒸发研究

用鄂雅错盐湖卤水进行兑卤,通过改变卤水的镁钾比,使其在蒸发过程中不会析出钾石盐,直接析出含钾品位较高的光卤石。实验结果表明:兑卤蒸发的析盐顺序为氯化钠、硫酸镁—氯化钠、光卤石,蒸发过程中钾收率达79.26%。     

卤水体系电解法制备电池级氢氧化锂的研究

以青海察尔汗盐湖卤水精制处理后的锂、钠混合卤水体系为研究对象,不再分离溶液中的氯化钠,采用离子膜电解工艺,一步法制备电池级氢氧化锂和副产品氢氧化钠。通过中试试验对制备过程做了研究,考察了电流密度、阳极液pH、电解槽温度、锂和钠摩尔比对电解过程的影响,得出了生产过程中最佳工艺控制指标及特种离子膜的应用,实现了原料中杂质钠"变废为宝",研究证明,从盐湖卤水中直接生产电池级氢氧化锂产品具有广阔的前景。     

Particle Detachment from Rough Surfaces in Turbulent Flows

Two flow structure-based models for particle resuspension from rough surfaces in turbulent streams are developed. It is assumed that the real area of contact is determined by elastic deformation of asperities and the effect of topographic properties of surfaces are included. The JKR adhesion model is used to analyze the behaviour of individual asperities. The theories of rolling and sliding detachment are used and the flow-induced resuspension is studied. The effects of the near-wall coherent eddies, and turbulence urst/inrush motion are included in the model development. The critical shear velocities needed to detach different sized particles from rough surfaces under various conditions are evaluated and discussed. The model predictions are compared with the available experimental data and good agreement is obtained.     

两种不同光谱类型的R-藻红蛋白的荧光性质研究

红藻中的R-藻红蛋白(R-PE)依照其吸收光谱可分为两种不同的光谱类型,即“双峰型”和“三峰型”.本文通过对不同pH条件下的R-PE的荧光光谱及荧光寿命的研究,发现“三峰型”R-PE的pH稳定范围较“双峰型”R-PE大.在R-PE浓度对荧光光谱的影响实验中,随着蛋白浓度的增加,荧光峰位置逐渐红移。荧光寿命逐渐增大,荧光强度先行增加而后减弱.用碘离子对其荧光进行猝灭,随着碘离子浓度的增大,荧光强度逐渐降低,荧光寿命逐渐缩短,并服从Stem-Volmer规则.     

Bubble flow mechanisms in trickle beds—an experimental study using image processing

The mechanisms of bubble motion in concurrent gas-liquid down flow through trickle beds are investigated. The laboratory reactor is a structured quasi-two-dimensional porous medium with an average pore diameter close to the values encountered in trickle beds. The accuracy of the reactor design is demonstrated by hydrodynamic investigations on the reactor scale where it is shown that the flow regimes encountered and the experimental pressure drop are comparable to those observed in trickle beds. The investigations on the pore scale are focused on the dispersed bubble flow regime where the liquid flow is continuous and the gas is divided into elongated bubbles. The bubble motion is recorded with the aid of a high-speed video camera and the images are processed and analysed in a quantitative manner. The investigations clearly show that in dispersed bubble flow, the bubbles are frequently pulsing on the pore scale. The mechanism of this flow pattern is discussed.     

Mass transport corrected Tafel analysis of voltammetric waves: When can it be applied?

The derivations of mass transport corrected Tafel equations are presented for a heterogeneous electron transfer. It is shown that the equations are valid for an electrode which is uniformly accessible to the electroactive species in solution. It is also shown that the equations are valid for any electrode geometry when the electron transfer is fast and reversible and the chemical species involved have equal diffusion coefficients. The microdisc and tubular flow electrodes are used as examples of non-uniformly accessible electrodes. The case is considered when the electron transfer is fast and reversible, the electrode is non-uniformly accessible and the species involved have unequal diffusion coefficients. Under these conditions it is shown by analytical solution that the Tafel equation is valid at the tubular flow electrode when axial and radial diffusion are insignificant. It is shown by numerical solution that at the same electrode the Tafel equation is not valid when axial and radial diffusion are significant.     

超临界水液化褐煤研究进展

超临界水直接液化褐煤是高湿低阶褐煤高效转化与资源化利用的一个重要的发展方向。阐述了超临界水液化制油的优势,总结了液化过程中的热解反应、脱杂反应、缩聚反应等关键反应;重点论述了操作条件(温度、停留时间、压力、溶剂等)对反应过程的影响机理;针对油品质的升级,总结了催化剂在液化油升级中的应用,分析了煤本身所含的铁系催化剂的催化特点,总结了贵金属在催化升级中的研究现状及部分过渡金属合金的高效催化特性;强调了煤与生物质共同液化的协同作用。对液化过程中存在的问题进行了总结,并展望了未来的工业放大应用。     

阿司匹林微胶囊的制备及其体外释放行为的研究

近年来,微胶囊技术在生物医药、化工、食品等行业得到了广泛应用和发展.以液中干燥法制备阿司匹林微胶囊,研究了微胶囊的形成过程、表观形貌、粒度及其体外释放行为.研究结果表明,阿司匹林微胶囊形成过程中,乙基纤维素分散成球,继而在各微球表面析出,微球越来越细密,表面空洞减小,最终形成完整的微胶囊.微胶囊表面致密、光滑,有少量细小的孔洞,多数呈球形,但粒度不均匀,有不规则杂片存在.粒度基本呈正态分布,平均粒径为1 445 nm.随着制备微胶囊过程中阿司匹林原料药加入量的增加,微胶囊成品的实际载药量增加,但其包覆率却随之减小.在体外释放初始阶段,微胶囊中阿司匹林的释放较快,继而释放速率减慢呈缓慢上升趋势.加入少量药品制备的微胶囊中阿司匹林释放速度较大.     

带内螺纹塑料制品气体顶出的注塑模具设计

对带内螺纹的塑料制品及其模具结构进行分析,采用自动卸螺纹和压缩空气二次顶出相结合的结构较紧凑的脱模机构。避免了推板、顶针或顶管的使用,从而实现了模具的轻量化,降低了模具的碰撞噪音和顶出装置的磨损。实践证明,该套内螺纹塑料制品注塑模具运行可靠,避免了顶针或顶管顶出后产生的顶出痕迹,生产的制品外观较好。     

回转式油页岩干馏炉测温技术研究进展

介绍了油页岩低温干馏制油气的过程和工艺,阐明了干馏是一个复杂的物理传热和化学热解的过程,是整个页岩炼油中最关键的工艺,并介绍了目前国际上关于低温干馏反应炉的技术,其中包括Galoter技术、ToscoⅡ技术、LR技术以及ATP技术。分析了在油页岩反应炉中温度对产油率的影响,表明温度对整个反应炉的重要性,并进一步分析了温度对干馏所造成影响的原因,重点阐述了温度测量的重要性与技术方法。对回转式油页岩干馏炉的测温现状进行了综述,总结了目前常用的一些回转炉测温方法,针对回转式油页岩反应炉目前存在的问题,提出了在温度控制、系统检测、红外测温等方面的改进措施。     

Pathwardhan-Kumer密度规则及基于线性等压关系的密度规则可适性的研究

The applicability of the density rule of Pathwardhan and Kumer and the rule based on the linear isopiestic relation is studied by comparison with experimental density data in the literature. Predicted and measured values for 18 electrolyte mixtures are compared. The two rules are good for mixtures with and without common ions, including those containing associating ions. The deviations of the rule based on the linear isopiestic relation are slightly higher for the mixtures involving very strong ion complexes, but the predictions are still quite satisfactory.The density rule of Pathwardhan and Kumer is more accurate for these mixtures. However, it is not applicable for mixtures containing non-electrolytes. The rule based on the linear isopiestic relation is extended to mixtures involving non-electrolytes. The predictions for the mixtures containing both electrolytes and non-electrolytes and the non-electrolyte mixtures are accurate. All these results indicate that this rule is a widely avvlicable approach.     

高脱乙酰度1，4-2-氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-葡聚糖的制备

研究了3种不同来源甲壳素的脱乙酰反应过程,探讨了脱乙酰反应的主要影响因素(反应时间、碱液浓度和反应温度)与产物1,4-2-氨基-2-脱氧-β-D,葡聚糖(壳聚糖)的脱乙酰度之间的关系。用单因素实验和正交实验确定了制得高脱乙酰度的最佳反应条件：反应时间为90min,反应温度为120℃,碱液的质量分数为40%,料液质量比为1∶30；并用红外光谱对原材料和制备产物进行了表征。