SUS304不锈钢超薄片脉冲激光焊接工艺及接头的显微组织和力学性能

在不同激光功率(140～420 W)和焊接速度(10～30 mm·s~(-1))(即不同热输入)下对SUS304不锈钢超薄片(厚度0.2mm)进行脉冲激光搭接焊,研究了热输入对焊缝成形的影响,并分析了最优成形接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:当热输入在9～20J·mm~(-1)时可获得成形良好的焊缝,其中在激光功率320 W、焊接速度20mm·s~(-1)(热输入16J·mm~(-1))条件下的成形性能最优;最优成形接头焊缝中心为等轴晶组织,熔合线处为细小柱状晶组织,近熔合线的焊缝中形成了胞状树枝晶;最优成形接头熔合线处的硬度最高,其次为焊缝区;不同激光功率和焊接速度所得接头均在热影响区发生断裂,最优成形接头的抗拉强度最高,达到790.1MPa,接近于母材的,其拉伸断裂方式为韧性断裂。     

大厚度TC4钛合金铸件钨极惰性气体保护焊的最优工艺确定及其接头力学性能

选用连续施焊、焊层冷至室温后再焊接下一层、焊道冷至室温后再焊接下一道3种层间温度控制方案和730,600℃2种焊后退火温度,通过显微组织、拉伸性能和疲劳性能确定了大厚度TC4钛合金铸造板钨极惰性气体保护焊(GTAW)的最优工艺,并研究了最优工艺下焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明：焊层冷至室温后再焊接下一层得到的焊接接头焊缝组织最为细小,疲劳寿命最高,在730℃下退火后的焊接接头拉伸性能更好,故确定为最优工艺;最优工艺下,GTAW接头的焊缝硬度略高于母材,属于高匹配接头,在拉伸和疲劳过程中接头均在母材处发生断裂,但焊缝的抗疲劳开裂能力低于母材。     

焊接速度对304不锈钢电子束焊接头组织与性能的影响

在加速电压为120 kV、聚焦电流为2460 mA、焊接电流为12 mA条件下,采用真空电子束对3 mm厚304不锈钢板进行焊接,研究了焊接速度(10～40 mm·s-1)对接头显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:焊缝的显微组织主要由两侧的柱状晶及中心的等轴晶组成;随着焊接速度的增大,焊缝晶粒尺寸减小,铁素体体积分数增加,接头各区域的硬度均有提高,抗拉强度先增大后减小,拉伸后接头均在母材处断裂.试验条件下真空电子束焊接304不锈钢的最佳焊接速度为30 mm·s-1,此时焊缝的成形质量较好,铁素体体积分数为7.4％,硬度较高,抗拉强度最大,为640 MPa,拉伸断口呈现韧性断裂特征.     

Q355NE+SUS304异种金属焊接接头组织与腐蚀疲劳性能研究

以Q355NE+SUS304异种金属焊接接头为研究对象,对其显微组织、3.5%NaCl+0.5%Na2SO4(质量分数),PH=5溶液腐蚀疲劳和腐蚀疲劳断裂特征进行了研究,分析了异种金属焊接接头腐蚀疲劳性能和断裂过程。结果表明:试验级腐蚀疲劳极限在170MPa左右,腐蚀疲劳裂纹起源于Q355NE侧的热影响区,逐渐扩展最终断裂于接头焊缝区,异种金属焊接接头构件级腐蚀疲劳通过4吨极限加载条件下的200万次试验,未发生破坏。     

TP304不锈钢钢管环焊缝的A-TIG焊接研究

A-TIG焊接技术是基于TIG焊的焊接新工艺,具有大幅增加焊缝熔深、提高焊接生产率,降低成本等优点。本研究采用A-TIG焊接技术对TP304不锈钢50mm×6mm的管子进行全位置焊接,对得到的焊接接头进行射线探伤、显微组织分析以及力学性能测试,结果表明,接头的显微组织优于普通TIG焊接接头、接头质量和力学性能均达到标准要求。     

固溶处理对304H焊接接头高温蠕变疲劳性能的影响

采用具有保持时间的高温蠕变疲劳试验,研究了304H不锈钢焊接接头在相同条件下焊态和固溶态焊接接头蠕变疲劳寿命,使用断口扫描电镜、透射电镜、金相显微镜分析了断裂失效机理及裂纹扩展走向。结果表明,固溶处理可以显著提高焊接接头蠕变疲劳寿命,固溶态焊接接头蠕变疲劳寿命约为焊态的1. 6倍;焊态下断口主要呈穿晶韧窝断裂特征,固溶处理试样断口呈现穿晶与沿晶混合断裂特征,裂纹从纤维区向结晶区扩展断裂。两种状态均有脆性相碳化铬析出,但固溶处理后Cr的析出率降低,延迟了脆性相的生成;同时,固溶处理后晶粒变大,提高了蠕变强度,这些因素导致固溶态304H焊接接头蠕变疲劳寿命的增加。     

6mm厚304不锈钢激光焊接接头组织及力学性能研究

采用光纤激光对304奥氏体不锈钢进行焊接,获得成型良好的激光焊接接头,利用光学显微镜、超景深、显微硬度计等分析检测手段,对304不锈钢焊接接头的微观组织特点、力学性能及断口特征进行了研究并进行相应的分析.结果表明,在激光焊接过程中,由于焊缝冷却速度较快,焊缝组织主要以垂直于熔合线的柱状晶的形态存在,焊缝中心组织以等轴晶为主,热影响区不明显;接头硬度分布不均匀,焊缝处硬度最高,热影响区未发生明显软化;焊接接头抗拉强度为711.5MPa,接头拉伸后断于焊缝,拉伸性能达母材拉伸性能的97.5％,可应用于各种工程.     

TP304H不锈钢管的瞬时液相扩散焊技术

采用瞬时液相扩散焊(TLP)连接技术进行了TP304H不锈钢管的焊接,分析了不同焊接温度对接头组织、成分和力学性能的影响。结果表明：焊接温度对接头组织、成分和性能具有显著的影响,随着温度的升高,接头区元素分布均匀,焊缝界限消失,晶粒跨界面连续生长,接头强度和塑性达到母材水平。TLP焊接技术具有优质、快速和高自动化的特点,因此在管道焊接方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

补焊对30CrMnSiA高强钢焊接接头力学性能的影响

以30CrMnSiA高强钢原始焊接接头和一次补焊接头为研究对象,通过拉伸试验、疲劳试验及显微组织分析等方法研究了补焊对其焊接接头力学性能的影响。结果表明:经过补焊后,30CrMnSiA高强钢焊接接头的力学性能略微降低;热影响区是接头拉伸性能的薄弱部位,而焊趾处是接头疲劳性能的薄弱部位;补焊对焊缝附近的显微组织无明显影响。     

2219铝合金变极性等离子横焊接头补焊性能研究

对厚度8 mm的2219铝合金变极性等离子横焊接头进行TIG补焊,获得了成形良好的补焊接头,并对焊缝力学性能、微观组织、断裂模式及断口形貌进行了分析。结果表明,补焊接头的力学性能和弯曲性能较高,达到母材强度60%以上,断后延伸率约为4%;补焊接头生成的共晶组织是造成补焊接头与原焊缝交界处开裂的主要原因;受组织及气孔的影响,补焊接头断裂路径和模式分为3种,断口韧窝多、深度浅,为韧性断裂。     

Erosion of 304 stainless steel

Erosion rate measurements and scanning electron microscopy observations were made for the steady state erosion of 304 stainless steel eroded by sharp alumina particles. Both the velocity and the particle size dependence of the erosion rates were similar at all angles of impact between 10° and 90°. Micrographic observations of the steady state erosion surfaces disclosed similar overall features at low and high angles of impact. Results reported in the literature for aluminum tend to confirm these observations. It was concluded that a single erosion mechanism can be operative at all impact angles 7in ductile metals such as stainless steel, rather than a superposition of different mechanisms for the low angle and high angle range. The physical basis for a single mechanism of erosion by sharp particles was discussed.     

Tribological property of self-lubricating PM304 composite

PM304 composite has been prepared by high-energy ball milling and powder metallurgy. The composition of the PM304 composite is the same as that of PS304, but the microstructure is quite different. The microstructure of PM304 composite was fine and dense, the size of self-lubricating particles in the composite was very small. The tribological properties of PM304 composites against Inconel X-750 were examined in the temperature range from room temperature to 800 °C. The friction coefficient of PM304 was ranged from 0.32 to 0.41. At room temperature, brittle fracture occurred on the worn surface. With the increase of temperature up to 200 °C, a protective layer consisting of fluorides and Ag existed on the worn surface and led to a low wear rate. The wear resistance of the PM304 was superior to that of the PS304 in the temperature range from room temperature to 650 °C. The improvement in wear resistance of the PM304 was discussed in the terms of its microstructural characteristics.     

Sliding wear of 304 and 310 stainless steels

Blocks of 304 (metastable) and 310 (stable) austenitic stainless steels were tested in argon against M2 tool steel rings. Scanning, transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis, together with microhardness measurements, showed that the strain-induced martensite transformation in 304 steel affects the form and composition of the wear debris and the nature of the transfer layer. The hardness of the transfer layer relative to the hardness of the adjacent deformed base material is also important, as shown in earlier work on Cu-Be. During early stages of sliding, the friction values for both alloys are similar, but whereas the friction continues to rise smoothly to a steady state value for 310 steel, the formation of α'-martensite in 304 steel gives a lower average value of friction coefficient with large fluctuations.     

Study on the oxidation of stainless steels 304 and 304L in humid air and the friction during hot rolling

In rolling process, the contact friction is of crucial importance for accurate modeling, optimum design and control of industrial rolling processes. It is important to characterize the features of the oxide scale of stainless steel in hot strip rolling because the scale on the strip surface affects friction coefficient and thermal conductivity coefficient. To some extent, the rolling force and friction condition depend on the thickness and the microstructure of the oxide scale. Oxidation tests of stainless steels 304 and 304L were carried out in a high temperature electric resistance furnace. The humid air in which the water vapour content can be controlled was generated and remained to flow into the chamber of the furnace in 2.5 × 10⁻⁴ m³/s to study the effect of humidity on the oxidation of stainless steels. The microstructure and thickness of oxide scale layer of stainless steels were obtained and two or three oxide layers can be found. The humid air has a significant effect on the growth of oxide scale. Hot rolling tests were carried out on Hille 100 rolling mill. The friction condition at the roll–strip interface during hot rolling of stainless steel was determined and the transfer of surface roughness was discussed.     

304不锈钢薄壁环类零件的车削加工

介绍不锈钢材料薄壁环类零件切削加工的特点,总结实际切削加工中出现的不良现象并浅析其原因,针对这类零件具有的韧性高、导热性差、高温硬度高、切削黏附性强、易于加工硬化与切削变形等不利因素,基于工件装夹、刀具材料及参数、切削用量、冷却润滑等方面,总结出了1套加工方案。实践表明,此方案能延长刀具的使用寿命,保证零件的加工质量,提高生产效率,降低刀具损耗,节能减排。其采用的冷却方式环保,近乎于清洁生产。     

AISI 304不锈钢的车削加工

针对AISI 304奥氏体不锈钢的特点,分析了AISI 304不锈钢材料的物理性能和切削加工性能,从刀具材料、切削用量和冷却液的选择等方面研究了AISI 304不锈钢车削加工的影响因素,通过合理选择和优化相关参数等方法有效解决了AISI 304不锈钢的加工难题,获得了较好的车削加工效果,提高了生产效率。     

304不锈钢光纤激光对接焊缝焊接试验研究

采用光纤激光对6 mm的304不锈钢进行对接焊接试验,分别研究了激光功率、焊接速度、离焦量等参数对接头性能的影响。结果表明:激光功率为4 k W,焊接速度0.038 m/s,离焦量为0 mm时,得到较为优异的焊接接头。焊缝区的硬度较高,接头试样抗拉强度是母材的83.0%,可以在断口处发现存在一定的剪切唇,且断口呈撕裂状,韧窝形貌明显,属于韧性断裂。     

Ductility loss of hydrogen-charged and releasing 304L steel

The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of 304L austenitic stainless steel after cathodic hydrogen charging and hydrogen spontaneously releasing are investigated by tensile tests. Flat tensile specimens were cathodic hydrogen charged at various current densities. For each density, two specimens were charged at the same condition. When the charging process completed, one specimen was tensile immediately to fracture and the other was aged to release the hydrogen out of it and then was also tensile to fracture. The resulting tensile properties and micrographs of fracture surfaces of these specimens were evaluated and compared. The results show ductility loss occurred in the hydrogen-charged specimens and the loss increased as the current density increasing. After hydrogen releasing, the specimens recovered a certain extent but not all of its original ductility. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of fracture surfaces reveal that irreversible damage had developed in the hydrogen-releasing specimens during the releasing process rather than the charging process. This consequence can be ascribed to the high tensile stress caused by non-uniform hydrogen distribution during hydrogen releasing.     

304不锈钢A-TIG焊的试验研究

主要研究在304不锈钢焊接时涂敷活性焊剂和未涂敷活性焊剂对焊缝成形的影响。试验结果表明304不锈钢采用A-TIG焊时,涂敷活性焊剂的焊缝熔深显著增加,熔宽有所减小;活性剂使熔池横截面形状发生明显变化,即焊缝上部比较宽、中下部变得很窄,这主要是由表面张力梯度的变化引起的。     

Joining STS304l sheets by using nano-adhesives

This study introduces a new nano-adhesive which is an improvement over the conventional epoxy resin that is widely used in the automobile industry. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (1% to 4% by weight) were mixed into the epoxy resin by using a mixer. The bubbles generated during mixing were removed by using a high vacuum. The electrical and mechanical properties of the joints were assessed by considering the geometric parameters of the nano-adhesive bonded joints to optimize quality and performance for actual application. The results show that the electrical resistance of nano-adhesives decreased with increased CNT weight percentage and decreased thickness of the bonded layer. Static tensile strength increased dramatically at a CNT weight percentage of 2% compared with other values. The surface treatment condition of the plates also affected the tensile strength of the nano-adhesive bonded joints.