基于GPS的测量不确定度评定方法分析

本文阐述了新一代GPS不确定度理论的形成、发展,以及在实现几何产品规范设计与计量认证统一中的重要作用;基于测量不确定度贡献因素的分析,着重研究了测量不确定度的评定方法、模型及应用技术,为实现测量不确定度评定管理的规范统一奠定必要的技术基础。     

基于新一代GPS的圆柱不确定度评定技术研究

介绍了新一代GPS标准体系下不确定度的构成,研究了规范阶段不确定度的管理程序,给出了基于该管理程序的实例,详细分析了对圆柱规范表面模型进行相应操作过程中不确定度的产生和评定.在此基础上给出如何应用规范过程得到的不确定度对测量认证进行指导的建议,通过对测量认证阶段不确定度管理程序的介绍,分析了新一代GPS标准体系下圆柱不确定度的产生和传递关系.     

新一代产品几何技术规范测量不确定度理论及应用技术

研究了测量不确定度的统一评定和表述方法，用新一代产品几何技术规范（GPS）基于GUM及系统量化统一的新思路，拓展了测量不确定度的概念，规范了测量不确定度的评定程序。在此基础上，将测量不确定度的概念拓展至GPS系统，利用拓展后不确定度的统计、量化特性，将产品的功能、规范与测量评定量化集成。通过不确定度的经济杠杆调节作用，实现过程资源配置的统筹优化，提高产品的综合效益。     

基于不确定度评定白箱模型的平面度认证

测量不确定度的评定是新一代几何产品规范(GPS)认证的重要组成部分.本文阐述了ISO/TS 14253-2中提出的不确定度评定的黑箱方法和白箱方法的原理,将新一代GPS中提出的不确定度评定白箱模型应用于平面度的最小二乘评定中.通过实验研究,给出了平面度认证的具体步骤和认证结果.实验表明,基于此方法的平面度认证符合新一代GPS标准的要求,认证结果规范、可靠.     

GPS黑箱模型及其应用方法研究

新一代产品几何技术规范(GPS)中所提出的测量不确定度评定的黑箱模型,为实现几何量测量不确定度的规范、快速评定提供了必要的理论基础。本文通过GPS黑箱模型与自动控制领域内黑箱模型的对比,深入阐述了GPS黑箱模型的概念、原理及运行方式,分析研究了GPS黑箱模型应用过程中的关键技术问题。并进一步以三坐标测量机测量圆度误差的测量不确定度概算为例,对黑箱模型的应用进行了实例分析。     

现代产品几何技术规范(GPS)体系的理论基础及关键技术研究

针对传统的几何公差体系存在的突出问题，着重研究探讨新一代GPS标准体系的构成原理、基本准则、内在规律及应用特点；在此基础上，对该体系的理论基础及关键技术进行深入地研究和探讨，揭示并阐述其“一条主线(规范，模型)、两种关联(不确定度与操作算子)、三个创新(基于统计优化的不确定度理论及拓展技术、基于对偶性的模型与操作技术、基于应用数学的数字化描述技术)”的构造模式规律及本质特征；进一步明确新一代GPS体系在实现“功能—规范—检验，认证”全过程统—规范和数字化描述与集成控制方面的关键性(支撑)技术基础；并提出建立我国GPS体系的应对策略。     

新一代产品几何技术规范(GPS)体系中不确定度理论及应用技术的研究

不确定度理论及应用技术是新一代GPS标准体系中的关键技术之一。新一代GPS利用不确定度的量化统计特性和经济杠杆调节作用,实现产品设计、制造和检测/认证全过程资源配置的优化。     

直径图样标注的规范不确定度分析

规范不确定度是新一代产品几何规范(GPS)不确定度理论体系中的重要组成部分.通过对规范不确定度的成因进行探析,给出了规范不确定度评定的管理流程,并以尺度规范中的直径规范为出发点,对目前存在的典型直径规范样式的规范不确定度进行了评定.研究结果表明,目前存在的直径图纸规范样式存在很大的规范不确定度,应对其修正.同时,研究还表明,实施新一代GPS对产品制造全过程中的资源优化分配、降低成本具有重要意义.     

新一代GPS测量不确定度与管理分析

在新一代产品几何技术规范(Next Generation Geometrical Product Specification and Verification,NGGPS)不确定理论基础上,分析各种不确定度之间的关系,重点讨论不确定度管理(Frocedure for Uncertainty Management,PUMA)测量不确定度管理程序所涉及的贡献因素、评定模型和评定关系等关键环节.设计不确定度管理程序,实现贡献因素分析、不确定度自动计算和系统评价,为实现不确定度评定管理的规范统一奠定基础.     

基于新一代GPS的产品检验符合性不确定度评定*

新一代产品几何技术规范将测量不确定度的概念拓展至符合性不确定度,但并未给出相对应的评定方法。为全面估计产品检验中测量结果与产品规范所有可能的差异,基于新一代产品几何技术规范,研究产品检验符合性不确定度评定。基于产品几何技术规范定义,提出规范不确定度、方法不确定度、符合性不确定度的评定方法;借助不确定度的黑箱模型,通过测量结果统计学量值特性指标,评定执行不确定度。以产品圆度检验为例,研究符合性不确定度评定操作过程,基于符合性不确定度划分产品检验的合格区间。实例分析结果表明,规范不确定度和方法不确定度的量值与执行不确定度相当,不可忽略;由于符合性不确定度包含测量结果与图纸规范所有可能的不一致性,基于符合性不确定度进行产品合格判定更为可靠。     

现代产品几何技术规范(GPS)中基于对偶性的操作技术及其应用

揭示现代产品几何技术规范（geometrical product specification and verification，GPS）中规范过程和检验／认证过程的物象对应关系，以及其表面模型存在着对偶性、操作技术存在着共性的内在规律性；井以几何误差的检验／认证过程为例，阐述利用操作及算子技术实现GPS计量过程数字化的可能性及应用规律；进一步明确基于对偶性的表面模型、操作及操作算子技术，对于实现GPS设计与计量的统一性、与CAX的集成性和数字化功能是至关重要的。     

基于GPS的线性尺寸计量认证技术研究

基于对新一代GPS（dimensional geometrical product specification and verification）线性尺寸规范及其数字化理论基础的分析,揭示并阐明新一代GPS线性尺寸规范以产品功能特征为中心、以“规范设计”与“计量认证”统一为原则、以计量数学为基础的规范思路及内在规律性;基于计量学和操作技术,给出线性尺寸计量认证中、实现实体计量系统与虚拟计量技术互补的思路与方法,并进一步建立其线性尺寸数字化计量认证的关键操作——拟合的数学描述及线性规划模型,开发出线性尺寸数字化计量认证（软件工具）系统;并在此基础上,进一步给出基于GPS数字化技术的虚拟综合量规设计与应用方法,以满足产品特定的功能要求;并通过实例说明其工程价值及技术经济意义。     

Flatness error evaluation and verification based on new generation geometrical product specification (GPS)

New generation geometrical product specification (GPS) links the whole course of a geometrical product from the research, development, design, manufacturing and verification to its release, utilization, and maintenance. Measurement process is one of the most important part of verification/inspection in the new generation GPS. With the knowledge-intensive and globalization trend of the economy, unifying the evaluation and verification of form errors will play a vital role in international trade and technical communication. Considering the plane feature is one of the most basic geometric primitives which contribute significantly to fundamental mechanical products such as guide way of machine tool to achieve intended functionalities, the mathematical model of flatness error minimum zone solution is formulated and an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is proposed to implement flatness error minimum zone evaluation. Then, two evaluation methods of flatness error uncertainty are proposed, which are based on the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and a Monte Carlo Method (MCM). The calculating formula and the propagation coefficients of each element and correlation coefficients based on GUM and the procedures based on MCM are developed. Finally, two examples are listed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. An investigation into the source and effects of different uncertainty contributors for practical measurement on CMM is carried out and the uncertainty contributors significant are analyzed for flatness error verification. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed method not only has the advantages of simple algorithm, good flexibility, more efficiency and accuracy, but also guarantees the minimum zone solution specified in the ISO/1101 standard. Furthermore, it accords with the requirement of the new generation GPS standard which the measurement uncertainty characterizing the reliability of the results is given together. And it is also extended to other form errors evaluation and verification.     

基于GPS的圆柱度公差建模及其规范设计研究

基于GPS的恒定度和恒定类建立了圆柱度公差数学模型;基于所建立的数学模型,采用VB为开发工具在CATIA平台下进行几何变动虚拟仿真模拟,并建立了其肤面模型;基于GPS的操作和算子技术实现了圆柱度公差的规范设计。实验结果表明,基于新一代GPS的产品数字化建模及规范设计是将几何产品的功能要求、规范设计及测量认证进行数字化的统一,体现了并行设计的思想,为GPS的推广应用奠定了一定的基础。     

现代产品几何技术规范(GPS)体系及应用分析

现代产品几何技术规范GPS(dimensional geometrical product specification and verification)是ISO／TC213针对产品的设计与制造而规定的一系列宏观和微观的几何技术规范，是所有机电产品的技术标准与计量规范的基础。随着全球经济的发展和科学技术的进步，尤其是随着CAD／CAM／CAQ(computer aided design／computer aided manufacture／computer aided quality)的应用和发展，新工艺、新技术、新材料的应用以及加工精度从微米到纳米的提高，ISO／TC213 GPS也随之发生了巨大的变化，已经由以几何学为基础的第一代GPS，发展到以计量学为基础的第二代GPS。文中在阐述ISO／TC213 GPS标准体系的形成、特点及发展趋势的基础上，对其构成思路及矩阵模型进行深入分析和研究，进一步揭示出其新一代GPS标准体系的构造模式规律及本质特征。     

Decision rules for workpieces based on total uncertainty

The decision rules based on measurement uncertainty are given in ISO 14253-1, according to which only measurement uncertainty is considered in the three-dimensional measurement process, and the workpieces are simply accepted or rejected by measurement uncertainty. It can be seen that the decision rules don’t accord with the basic requirements of the improved GPS system because correlation uncertainty and specification uncertainty are not taken into account, which are existent actually in a GPS process. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents the decision rules based on total uncertainty, according to which the workpieces should be accepted or rejected by total uncertainty. The biggest difference between the two decision rules is whether correlation uncertainty and specification uncertainty have been taken into account. For a given GPS specification, the key of the decision rules based on total uncertainty is to calculate the compliance uncertainty of the corresponding GPS standard-chain. According to ISO 17450-2, a GPS process should be either in the default state or in the special state. Aiming at the two states, the calculation method for compliance uncertainty of a GPS standard-chain is given respectively. It enables us to generate compliance uncertainty on the verification of a GPS specification, which means the acceptance or refusal of a GPS characteristic can be conducted in a quantitative way. The example of flatness least-square assessment indicates that the veracity of assessment could be improved .     

新一代GPS中提取与滤波、拟合操作间关联特性的研究

基于对新一代GPS(geometrical product specification and verification)中关键操作技术的深入分析,揭示提取与滤波、拟合之间固有的内在规律性,给出操作间参数的选用原则,为统筹优化几何误差数字化评定中的操作策略提供技术基础;最终通过实例验证关键操作集成化思想对几何误差评定的高效稳定性,不仅有利于实现几何误差数字化计量精度和成本的优化,而且还推进了新一代GPS标准体系关键技术的应用研究。     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Study on the expression specifications of geometrical products for function, design, manufacture and verification based on the improved GPS language

For the design, manufacture and verification, a consistent geometrical model for the product functional geometry is required. In this paper, we analyze the relation of the geometrical model with the design, manufacture, and verification of the geometrical product. Based on the improved GPS language, the new concepts and mathematical tools for the geometrical specifications are defined. A surface model defined in the new GPS can be divided into three models: nominal, specification and verification surface model. Expanded geometrical features exist in three “worlds”: nominal, specification and verification worlds. Operations are specific mathematical tools to obtain ideal or non-ideal features, or values of characteristics, their nominal value and their limit(s). The operations used to define the specifications can be divided into seven classes: partition, extraction, filtration, association, collection, construction, and evaluation. With a simple mechanism as an example, the geometrical expression specifications for the functions, design, manufacture and verification of a product are illustrated.