有限元法计算交联电缆涡流损耗

电力电缆的导体交流损耗和金属屏蔽层涡流损耗是影响电缆群温度场分布和电缆载流量确定的重要因素。为确定电缆运行中的损耗,在考虑趋肤效应和邻近效应的基础上,利用有限元法对电缆群不同排列方式和接地方式下的导体交流损耗和金属屏蔽层涡流损耗进行了计算。计算结果表明,导体交流损耗随回路数增多、电缆间距减小而增大,金属屏蔽层损耗随回路数增多而增大,与电缆间距的关系与接地方式有关,单端接地时,金属屏蔽层损耗随间距增大而减小,双端接地时,金属屏蔽层损耗随间距增大而增大。     

Dependence of XLPE insulated power cable wave propagation characteristics on design parameters

Propagation losses occur in medium voltage power cables as pulses propagate through them. Since cables have many components, these can make different contributions to the propagation losses. The relative contributions of the conductors, insulation and semi-conducting screens to the propagation characteristics of the cable are analyzed. The propagation characteristics of the cables are studied by a developed "approximate" model providing analytical expressions that can quantify the contributions to the losses by the different parts of the conductor and dielectric system. The model is compared with an "exact" model and is tested on four cables     

220kV高压单芯电力电缆金属护套环流分析

根据单芯XLPE电力电缆金属护套环流计算模型,编写C++程序,计算了交叉互联单元内三段电缆布置方式和段长不一致时的金属护套环流,并将计算结果与现场测试结果进行比较分析。根据计算和现场测试结果,一个交叉互联单元内三段电缆的段长和布置方式不一致对金属护套环流有影响,当电缆采用直角三角形和水平布置方式时影响尤为严重。为减小金属护套环流,高压单芯电缆应尽可能采用正三角形布置方式且保证三段电缆布置方式一致,段长尽量相等。     

双回路电缆护套环流计算及影响因素分析

为分析电缆线路中的环流,推导了双回路敷设电缆护套环流的计算方程,并自行编制运算程序实现了计算机求解。结合某电力设计院两回路电缆的实际敷设及运行参数,计算了直线排列交叉互联情况下电缆护套中的环流,并对影响金属护套中环流值大小的相关因素作了简单分析,减小环流值的方法有增大接地电阻、使电缆紧密排列、保证电缆交叉互联段长度相等等。同时,提供了对应单回路敷设情况下的计算结果进行比较,结果表明计算护套环流时双回路不能以单回路情况简化。相关推导过程及程序设计思想可推广应用于双回路电缆的其它敷设形式或更高回路数的电缆线路。     

Effects of the metal sheathed cables upon the performances of thedistribution substations grounding systems

A model for the analysis of the performances of the grounding systems of distribution substations in underground cable networks with uncoated metal sheathed cables is suggested. The model derived is utilized to analyze the effects of cable sheaths on the ground fault current distribution, on the potentials transferred to the consumers' substations, and on the touch- and step-voltages that could appear in the cable network area fed from the source substation. Several typical cases are studied, and some general diagrams for assessing the effects of cables on the main grounding system performances are displayed. The proposed model takes into account mutual interaction among cable sheaths and substation ground electrode elements through the soil and the voltage drops along the cable sheaths. The analysis of the typical cases has shown that the metal sheathed cables might considerably affect the grounding system parameters and that, therefore, they must be properly taken into consideration     

110 kV单芯电缆金属护套环流计算与试验研究

为研究交联聚乙烯单芯电缆的护套环流,建立了计算单芯电缆金属护套两端互联直接接地以及交叉互联两端接地时环流的数学模型,编写VB程序进行了计算。在实际电缆线路上的试验结果与计算值相差不大,验证了编程计算的正确性。讨论了各种因素对护套环流的影响后提出了串入电阻以有效降低环流的思路。     

复杂接地系统冲击接地特性的数值计算及试验

为抑制变电站开关操作时产生的瞬态电磁场对站内二次设备的干扰,通常将二次电缆的屏蔽层双端接地。而雷击变电站接地网时,由于接地网的高频接地阻抗较大,在屏蔽层的两个接地点会产生很大的地电位差,这一电位差将通过二次电缆的转移阻抗耦合至二次设备,影响二次设备的正常工作。将矩量法与传输线理论相结合,将无穷远处视为零电位参考点,提出了分析复杂接地系统冲击接地特性的理论计算模型,该计算模型在频率不高或电缆长度较短的情况下,可简化为集中参数电路模型。为验证计算模型的正确性,还在试验接地网上进行了冲击接地试验,理论计算与测量结果比较吻合。该计算模型及方法可用于实际变电站接地网的冲击接地特性研究以及二次电缆电磁干扰的数值预测。     

海底超导电缆交流损耗的抗损伤特性研究

海上新能源发电的快速发展急需大容量高效率的海上电力传输网络与之匹配。为促进海底超导电缆的发展,需要研究局部损伤对超导电缆的影响,尤其是对其损耗特性的影响。这关系到损伤是否会导致损耗骤升而冷却系统无法及时排出多余热量,进而导致低温平衡被破坏,超导电缆无法继续工作,甚至发生进一步大范围损伤。基于陆上超导电缆建立了包含单层到多层电缆的物理模型,并使用有限元方法分析电缆的电流分布、内部磁场分布和输电损耗。通过比较损伤前后电缆损耗特性的变化,分析并总结得出了最适宜用于海底输电的超导电缆结构。结果表明,在单根带材损伤的情况下,一层和二层电缆的损耗大幅度提升,而六层电缆的损耗不到5%。因此六层电缆较为适应海底环境。     

多回路电缆金属护套环流计算软件的开发与应用

目前城市电网中35kV以上电压等级的电缆线路越来越多,35 kV以上电压等级线路往往使用单芯电缆。单芯电力电缆线芯通过交变电流时,金属护套上会产生感应电势。为了防止感应电压过大对人体造成伤害,需要将金属护套两端牢固接地。当电缆金属护套两端接地时金属护套中会有环流通过,护套环流过大时会严重影响电缆的安全运行。通过MATLAB及LabVIEW软件编程方法实现了计算一至四回路任意排列电缆线路的护套环流,利用环流计算软件提出抑制环流措施和电缆优化敷设方式,为未来电缆敷设提供科学指导意见。     

脐带缆绝缘厚度选择的有限元方法

为探索结构复杂的脐带缆中电场分布与绝缘厚度是否合理,在传统解析计算的基础上利用有限元法对脐带缆进行分析,建立脐带缆端面的二维模型,选择仿真软件ANSYS对其电场进行分析,并对比不同绝缘材料、不同绝缘层厚度以及不同脐带缆端面结构对电场分布带来的影响,得到了绝缘厚度的计算方法.实践验证,该算法能够确定复杂截面结构的电力电缆绝缘厚度.     

Grounding effects of HV and MV underground cables associated withurban distribution substations

This paper derives a model for the evaluation of the performances of composite grounding systems of urban main distribution substations and associated power cable networks. The effects of the cables upon the dangerous voltages, transferred potentials and ground fault current distribution are encompassed including the conductive and magnetic coupling among grounding system elements, as well as the nonlinearity of cables sheaths impedances. An application example is presented, as are some experimental data     

Chemical-moisture barrier cable-concept and practice

Cables with sheaths providing protection from chemicals and moisture have gained in popularity among many industrial and utility users in North America and Europe. These sheaths are used to protect low-, medium-, and high-voltage power cables as well as fiber-optic and instrumentation cables. This paper presents an overview of the theory, design, testing, and field experience for each type of cable as it pertains to chemical and moisture protection. Documentation is provided covering underground installations of chemical-moisture barrier cable in a large petrochemical manufacturing facility located on the Texas Gulf Coast     

高压电缆护层交叉互联时的行波故障测距

为研究采用三相护层交叉互联方式的高压电缆线路的行波测距方法,讨论了裸露高压电缆(电缆沟或隧道敷设)的相量参数和模量参数的计算方法。通过分析模量参数的特征,将电缆中的模量分为内模量和外模量,分别计算了直埋电缆和裸露电缆的内、外模量波速,计算表明裸露电缆的外模量波速高于内模量。电缆护层交叉互联时,内、外模量会因行波折反射而相互转化,波速较快的外模量会对内模量波头造成干扰,给裸露电缆的双端行波测距造成影响。理论分析和数值计算表明,采用三相芯线电流之和作为行波测距信号,可有效消除外模量干扰,大大加强内模量波头特征,有利于提高行波测距准确度。     

Influence of the shield grounding system on choice of section

The choice of the ground circuit of a shield that gets rid of capacity losses is becoming especially urgent to increase the transmission capacity of lines with cross-linked polyethylene insulation. Ground systems of shields of the single-phase high-voltage power cables are studied. A mathematical model to select the section of the electric conductor for single-wire power cables for a voltage of 6–500 kV is suggested which takes into account the connection circuit of the shield permits allows one to determine the capacity losses and induced voltage on the shield. The method of selection of energy-efficient grounding systems of the shield of the three-phase group is found on the basis of the mathematical model. A selection criterion is suggested determining the relative rate of return of the “open” ground system with no currents in the shields over against the “closed” system in the shields of which parasitic currents flow.     

交联聚乙烯电缆护层接地电流计算及监测

分析了交联聚乙烯电缆护层的接地电流,介绍了电缆护层感应电动势和电缆护层接地电流的计算方法。阐述了电缆护层接地电流监测的意义,和对其测试结果的判断方法。在一起电缆缺陷案例中,通过检测护层接地电流不仅发现了其安装缺陷,而且证明电缆护层接地电流的理论计算结果与实测值相符。     

电力电缆带电燃烧的数值模拟技术研究进展

电力电缆隧道火灾严重影响了电力系统的安全性,成为威胁城市电网安全的重要问题,因此研究电力电缆带电燃烧的机理至关重要。由于实际的电缆隧道长达数十公里,很难进行全尺寸的带电燃烧实验,因此数值模拟是目前研究电缆隧道火灾的重要方法。介绍了模拟电力电缆燃烧的2种数值模型:区域模型和流体动力学模型,重点介绍了两种模型的原理和发展现状。研究结果表明区域模型和流体动力学模型在电力电缆带电燃烧的数值模拟技术已经取得了一定的进展,但是目前电力电缆火灾的数值模拟模型主要关注的是火灾引发后的动态过程,未将电力电缆的电气失效过程与火灾的发展过程联系起来,电力电缆带电燃烧的数值模型还有待进一步改进。     

Polymer insulated high voltage cables

This article reviews the different components, conductors, semiconductive shields, insulation, sheaths, and jackets, that make up extruded, high-voltage cables. The different types of conductors are described as are the different insulation systems that are available for medium and HV cables. There is a comparison of the two main insulators used in extruded HV cables, EPR, and XLPE. Each material has some properties that are better than those of the other material.     

Analysis of co‐axial transmission lines with arbitrary cross‐section

A numerical model for the determination of electromagnetic fields and characteristic impedance of co‐axial cables with arbitrary cross‐section is developed, based on dyadic Green's functions and the moment method. The advantages of the method are generality, simplicity and accuracy of its results. Besides this, the fields are represented as series over orthogonal functions, which can be useful in the solution of some problems, such as discontinuity between lines of different cross sections. A numerical application to cables of rectangular cross‐section shows the accuracy of the method. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于温度概率预测的地下电力电缆可靠性模型研究

地下电力电缆周围气象温度具有不确定性。通过考虑气象温度对地下电力电缆可靠运行的实时影响,借助广义极值分布(Generalized extreme value distribution,GEV)对气象温度进行概率分布拟合,在此基础上分析了地下电力电缆的温度场和热阻等效电路,提出了基于温度概率预测的地下电力电缆可靠性模型,从而有效预测地下电力电缆的导体温度。数值仿真计算与实际测量结果的比较验证了该预测模型的有效性和准确性,为地下电力电缆可靠运行和温度在线监测提供了重要的技术支撑。     

Proximity effect and eddy current losses in insulated cables

Insulated cables are generally designed according to thermal criteria: the current rating depends on the permissible temperature inside the insulation. As the heating of a cable mainly results from Joule losses, it is worthy to determine the current distribution in its metallic components (the core and the metallic screen for single core cables). The current distribution in tables is affected by the skin effect and the proximity effect due to neighbouring cables of the circuit itself or from parallel links. A general method is developed to calculate the current distribution in the core and the screen of a single-core cable, starting from Maxwell equations. The stress is set upon skin and proximity effects, taking into account the influence of the frequency. Joule losses are calculated in some practical cases of three-phase links