高效率平面磁控溅射器的研制

介绍一种新型磁控溅射装置。它采用两块极性相对的环状磁铁的设计方法，通过扩大靶表面的等离子放电区域面积，使传统磁控溅射枪使用中经常受到的两个限制－溅射速率与靶的利用率得到了较大的改善。实验中铜靶在溅射功率密度为１１Ｗ／ｃｍ＾３时溅射速率约为８００ｎｍ／ｍｉｎ，如何继续提高功率则可获得更高的速率。而靶的利用率可达６４％左右。另外，在认为出射粒子符合ｃｏｓθ分布的前提下，发现当α＝３．３时，实验数据和理     

磁控溅射镀膜技术的发展

磁控溅射由于其显著的优点应用日趋广泛,成为工业镀膜生产中最主要的技术之一,相应的溅射技术与也取得了进一步的发展.非平衡磁控溅射改善了沉积室内等离子体的分布,提高了膜层质量;中频和脉冲磁控溅射可有效避免反应溅射时的迟滞现象,消除靶中毒和打弧问题,提高制备化合物薄膜的稳定性和沉积速率;改进的磁控溅射靶的设计可获得较高的靶材利用率;高速溅射和自溅射为溅射镀膜技术开辟了新的应用领域.     

高靶材利用率的新型磁控溅射器

在现代大型薄膜连续生产线中 ,其生产效率主要受以下两因数的影响 :溅射器的沉积速率和靶材的使用周期。本实验研制了一种圆筒形靶材绕溅射器中心轴线匀速旋转 ,并且与溅射器之间用螺丝固定连接的新型磁控溅射器。论述了新型溅射器的结构与组成 ,并给出实验结果与结论。其具有靶材利用率高、使用周期长、换靶时间短等优点。同时在反应溅射时避免在靶面上的形成介质层 ,提高了溅射过程的稳定性。     

高靶材利用率的新型磁控溅射器

在现代大型薄膜连续生产线中,其生产效率主要受以下两因数的影响;溅射器的速率和靶材的使用周期,本实验研制了一种圆筒形靶材绕溅射器中心轴线匀速旋转,并且与溅射器之间用螺丝固定连接的新磁控溅射器。论述了新型溅射器的结构与组成,并给实验结果与结论。其具有靶材利用率高,使用周期长,换靶时间短等优点。同时在反应溅射时避免在靶面上的形成介质层,提高了溅射过程的稳定性。     

无马达驱动的旋转圆柱形磁控溅射器

在大型薄膜连续生产线中,磁控溅射器的溅射速率、使用周期是影响生产效率与成本的重要因素。本提出一种新型的无马达驱动的具有高溅射速率、高靶材利用率、长的靶使用周期、安装与使用简单的磁控溅射器。可广泛应用于各类大、中型连续生产设备中。     

无马达驱动的旋转圆柱形磁控溅射器

在大型薄膜连续生产线中,磁控溅射器的溅射速率、使用周期是影响生产效率与成本的重要因素.本文提出一种新型的无马达驱动的具有高溅射速率、高靶材利用率、长的靶使用周期、安装与使用简单的磁控溅射器.可广泛应用于各类大、中型连续生产设备中.     

旋转式圆柱形磁控溅射靶的磁场计算

类似于矩形平面溅射靶的磁场和旋转式圆柱形的靶筒组成旋转式圆柱形磁控溅射靶。与常规的圆柱形磁控溅射靶相比较，该旋转式靶提高了靶材利用率和膜厚均匀度。本文介绍了旋转式圆柱形靶的结构和磁场计算方法，给出了计算公式、数据及其特性曲线。强度适度和均匀分布的磁场，保证了溅射靶的工作性能，并为靶结构的设计提供了依据。     

PEM控制中频孪生反应磁控溅射沉积TiO2薄膜的研究

在中频孪生靶反应磁控溅射实验装置上,用PEM控制沉积TiO2薄膜,实验了靶基距、电流与沉积速率的关系。实验得出,靶基距为112 mm时沉积速率最大,沉积速率与电流基本成线性比例关系。在溅射电流30 A,靶基距112 mm,设置点2.5时,测量了基片随时间的温升变化。然后以自然温升的单晶硅为基片,实验研究了设置点对TiO2薄膜晶体结构、折射率的影响。实验结果表明,设置点越高溅射沉积的薄膜金红石相越多,折射率也越高。     

磁控溅射Ti—N膜沉积的空间分布研究

磁控溅射镀膜设备可以广泛用于镀膜Ｔｉ－Ｎ膜，从实用观点看，磁控溅射工艺中的溅射速率的溅射原子空间分布是广泛关心的，沉积在试样表面的溅射原子被认为除了与等离子体的参数有关，还与靶－工件的几何分布有关系。本文研究了真空室中Ｔｉ－Ｎ膜沉积的空间分。在研究中发值得注意的是溅射量与沉积量作为两个不同的概念严格区分。     

磁控溅射Ti－N膜沉积的空间分布研究

磁控溅射镀膜设备可以广泛用于镀膜Ｔｉ－Ｎ膜．从实用观点看，磁控溅射工艺中的溅射速率和溅射原子空间分布是被广泛关心的．沉积在试样表面的溅射原子被认为除了与等离子体的参数有关，还与靶──工件的几何分布有关系．本文研究了真空室中Ｔｉ－Ｎ膜沉积的空间分布．在研究中十分值得注意的是溅射量与沉积量作为两个不同的概念严格区分．     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from