基于细粒级铁矿粉基础性能的烧结研究

在烧结用混匀矿中配加5%~20%的A、B、C细粒级铁矿粉,检测各自的制粒效果,分析了各粒级生成烧结液相的比例和粘接强度等基础烧结性能,并据此进行了烧结杯试验。结果表明:细粒级矿粉中2mm以下粒级的基础性能可有效用于评价该矿粉烧结效果;A矿粉流动性合适,粘结强度高,能有效改善烧结矿质量,可与B粉或C粉搭配使用;B粉流动性很好,C粉2mm以下粒级同化温高、粘结强度差。建议在烧结生产中不要同时使用B粉和C粉。     

分流预成型强化制粒改善镜铁矿粉烧结性能

针对镜铁矿精粉成球性及可烧性差的特点,采用分流预成型强化制粒工艺对进口镜铁矿精粉制粒及烧结性能开展研究.与常规制粒工艺烧结指标相比,采用分流造球强化制粒烧结工艺,焦粉配比从4.85%降至4.20%,利用系数从1.44 t·m-2·h-1提高至1.71 t·m-2·h-1,转鼓强度从57.60%提高至63.80%,固体燃耗从76.46 kg·t-1降至65.24 kg·t-1;采用分流辊压预成型强化制粒烧结工艺,焦粉配加量从4.85%降至4.70%,利用系数从1.44 t·m-2·h-1提高至1.64 t·m-2·h-1,转鼓强度及固体燃耗基本不变.因此,分流预成型强化制粒工艺较常规制粒工艺能显著改善镜铁矿烧结性能.其作用机理为:镜铁精矿经分流预成型后能改善混合料的透气性,降低焦粉配比,提高烧结料层氧位,生成更多的铁酸钙及赤铁矿,所得成品烧结矿结晶完善,矿物之间胶结紧密,内部气孔由不规则大孔变为总体分布较为均匀且大小适中的规则球形,改善了烧结矿的强度和还原性.      

微细精矿比例对烧结的影响及强化技术

为了提高国产铁矿石利用价值,要经过反复细磨,导致铁精矿粉粒度超细,对烧结过程及产量、质量指标影响较大。为了使660 m2烧结机高比例配用微细精矿粉,降低烧结原料成本,满足4350 m3高炉的生产需要,进行了试验研究。研究结果表明：随着微细精矿配用比例的提高,烧结料层透气性恶化,烧结液相生成能力减弱,铁酸钙生成量减小。为此,在优化熔剂结构及燃料粒度的基础上,进行了预成核技术开发应用,将部分精矿粉预先制成制粒核,减少物料中黏附粉的量,以强化物料制粒效果和成矿反应,使烧结矿结构改善。     

高配比磁铁精粉制粒和烧结性能优化

针对某内陆型钢铁厂进行高比例磁铁精矿(混匀矿中占比≥85%)烧结时出现的制粒效果差、烧结矿产、质量低和固体燃料消耗高等问题,为确定下一步工程技改方向,本文开展系统的烧结杯试验以揭示高配比磁铁精粉的烧结特性,探究精矿预润湿、生石灰用量、磁铁精粉配比、碱度、料层高度等因素对烧结性能及成品矿冶金性能的影响规律。结果表明：采用精矿预润湿技术和配加适量生石灰对于协同强化高配比铁精矿制粒具有促进作用,在相同制粒水分条件下,将混合铁精矿初始水分3.0%预润湿至7.8%,同时配加5.5%生石灰,制粒所得混合料的透气性指数(JPU)由14.1大幅提高到41.7;在混合料透气性得到保证的前提下,进一步提高碱度和料层厚度能显著改善烧结矿产、质量指标,且烧结矿各冶金性能指标均能满足高炉冶炼要求。本文研究成果将为现场技术改造和生产提供重要的理论依据和技术指导。     

镜铁矿粉在铁矿烧结混合料中的制粒行为

 对镜铁矿粉在铁矿烧结混合料中的制粒行为进行了研究,结果表明：水分对制粒效果有显著的影响,随着镜铁矿粉配比增加,适宜制粒水分逐渐降低。不同配比镜铁矿粉的制粒动力学研究表明：制粒时间小于3 min时,镜铁矿黏附率快速增长;制粒时间大于3 min时,镜铁矿黏附率趋于稳定。随着镜铁矿粉配比增加,达到黏附平衡所需时间延长。因此,延长制粒时间是改善高配比镜铁矿粉制粒效果的有效措施之一。准颗粒黏附层微观结构研究表明：镜铁矿颗粒呈散点状分布于黏附层中,微细粒级褐铁矿粉颗粒作为黏结剂使黏附层具有一定的强度,促进镜铁矿粉的黏附。镜铁矿粉与制粒性能优良的褐铁矿粉合理搭配使用,有利于改善制粒效果,提高镜铁矿粉配比。     

不同类型进口铁矿粉的烧结基础性能分析

为了探究不同类型铁矿粉的烧结基础性能和区别,采用微型红外烧结炉和扫描电镜对澳大利亚铁矿粉和巴西铁矿粉的烧结基础特性和微观颗粒形貌进行研究,并结合Factsage7.1热力学计算软件对铁矿粉的液相生成能力和黏度进行计算。研究结果表明:不同类型铁矿粉的烧结基础性能差别较大,这主要受铁矿粉种类、化学成分和粒度组成及致密度影响;其中,澳矿粉属于半褐铁矿,结晶水质量分数高,结构疏松,易与CaO反应,矿化过程中易形成多孔网状结构,吸液性强,同化性能优,黏结相强度低,澳矿粉的配加有利于改善烧结矿同化性能,改善矿化过程;巴西矿属于赤铁矿粉,结构致密,反应活性低,同化性能差,黏结相强度高,巴西矿的配加有利于改善烧结矿黏结相性能,提高烧结矿强度。     

基于青钢铁矿粉烧结基础特性的配矿原则探讨

为了给烧结生产优化配矿技术提供基础依据,更好地指导烧结生产,对青钢烧结常用的6种铁矿粉的同化性能、液相生成特性以及烧损和结晶水分解特性等高温基础性能和微观结构进行了研究,且运用评价模型对各铁矿粉进行了评分。结果表明,各铁矿粉的同化温度均未超过1 250℃,可以满足低温烧结的条件,同化性能最好的为铁矿粉E;1 240℃时6种铁矿粉的流动性指数较适宜低温烧结,1 280℃时流动性指数和液相生成量均较高;6种铁矿粉中铁矿粉E的烧损值和结晶水值均处于较高水平,其中铁矿粉F的结晶水含量是6种矿粉中最高的;6种铁矿粉的微观形貌差异较大,铁矿粉C和D表面较光滑,吸水能力差,从制粒的角度上来看,不利于改善制粒效果,而铁矿粉A和B的表面较粗糙,适宜制粒;基于评分的高低将铁矿粉划分为4个等级。     

基于生石灰吸水性的适宜烧结制粒水分

为了有效发挥生石灰在制粒过程的作用,依据生石灰的吸水特性对烧结料制粒水分进行优化,是值得深入研究的工艺技术问题。考察了固定量配水、满足生石灰完全消化的配水,以及满足生石灰湿容量的配水等3种加水量选取方式,对烧结混合料制粒效果的影响。研究结果表明:烧结制粒过程中生石灰的吸水,一方面消耗于生成Ca(OH)2的化合水,另一方面还包括生石灰消化后自身吸收的物理水,二者影响烧结料的水分含量及分布;当制粒水分满足化合水消耗时,虽然烧结料水分得以保证,但消石灰和CaCO3吸水会争夺铁矿粉中的水分而影响制粒效果;当制粒水分满足生石灰湿容量时,可获得适宜烧结制粒水分,使铁矿粉中的水分得以保证,生石灰改善制粒的作用充分发挥。     

铁矿粉的气孔率对其烧结性能的影响

铁矿粉自身特性影响烧结矿的冶金性能。测定了5种铁矿粉的气孔率,根据检测结果讨论了铁矿粉气孔率对烧结制粒和烧结矿强度的影响。     

铁矿粉制粒特性模糊聚类分析

将不同制粒性能的铁矿粉进行科学分类,通过矿种的合理搭配,改善烧结混合料的成球性,对改善料层透气性,提高烧结矿产量具有重要的意义.本研究分析了影响烧结混合料制粒效果的各种因素,对铁矿石的制粒性能进行了较为准确的特征提取.通过模糊聚类分析,对铁矿石的制粒性能进行了分类.结果表明,此分类法是合理可行的.     

吸水剂对高铝S矿烧结影响的试验研究

通过系列正交试验,研究了吸水剂添加对高铝S矿烧结性能的影响。结果表明:S矿含水14%~16%,矿料易于形成湿黏团状物,吸水剂能够快速吸收矿料表面水分,使湿黏团状物粒度得到改善,改善了混合料的制粒条件,提升了烧结料层透气性,加速了垂直烧结速度,提升了烧结产量。但由于烧结速度加快,高温区域保温时间势必缩短,从而影响了提升强度液相的生成,造成了烧结矿物理强度的下降。     

Comparison of sintering performance of typical specular hematite ores with distinct size distributions

The sintering performance of three typical specular hematite ores (coarse SO-A, intermediate SO-B and ultrafine SO-C) was compared in an industrial ore blend through pilot-scale sinter pot tests. The effect of particle size of specular hematite ores on their granulation and sintering performance was revealed. Compared with the coarse SO-A fine and ultrafine SO-C concentrate, the intermediate SO-B showed inferior granulation and sintering performance characterized with poorer bed permeability and productivity, lower sinter strength and higher fuel rates. A new material preparation method was hence proposed and verified at both pilot and industrial scales. The proposed method by mixing SO-B with a high amount of goethite-type iron ore fines was found to be an effective way in improving the granulation and assimilative characteristics of ore blend comprising 31% intermediate SO-B, leading to improved sinter productivity and lowered fuel rates. The metallurgical properties and microstructure of sinters were also investigated. The sinters obtained through the proposed preparation method were generally stronger and more reducible on account of better sinter structure with more relict hematite ultimately connected with needle-like silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum and lower porosity.     

Influence of Coating Granulation Process on Iron Ore Sinter Quality and Productivity

For better blast furnace performance, there has always been a need for better quality raw materials like sinter, lump ore, and pellets. Among these raw materials the usage of sinter in blast furnace is at higher side compared to other iron bearing materials. As the quality of sinter product improves, its usage in blast furnaces also increases. Iron ore fines are the main source for sinter making. To improve the sinter properties it is necessary to provide good quality of iron ore fines. Due to depletion of high grade iron ore resources, goethite and limonitic ore content in iron ore fines is expected to increase gradually. Usually limonitic and goethite ore are associated with higher alumina and LOI. The conventional sintering process is one of the well established processes for high quality hematite ore. It does not fully respond to the low grade iron ore associated with goethite and limonite. This has led to deterioration in sinter properties and productivity. In recent years the improvement in the quasi‐particle structure with the granulation process is an effective method for improving sinter quality and productivity. To improve the sinter quality and productivity for low grade iron ore fines, different granulation processes like the conventional one, and other two advanced granulation processes like coke breeze, and flux & coke breeze coating granulation were studied in detail by conducting laboratory pot grate sintering experiments. From the test results it was found that sinter productivity, physical and metallurgical properties of the sinter improved with flux & coke breeze coating granulation process compared to conventional and coke breeze coating granulation process. Proper selection of the granulation time is very important to achieve the desired sinter properties. In the present work detailed laboratory experiments have been carried out by varying the coating time from 30s to 110s to study the influence of flux & coke breeze coating granulation time on mineralogy, productivity, physical, and metallurgical properties of sinter. With a coating granulation time of 50s, higher productivity, higher yield, and stronger sinter (higher T.I) with lower RDI and ‐5mm size sinter were achieved.     

Influence of Alumina on Iron Ore Sinter Properties and Productivity in the Conventional and Selective Granulation Sintering Process

Iron ore sinter constitutes a major proportion of blast furnace burden. Hence, its quality and consistency have a significant impact on blast furnace performance. Iron ore fines are the main source for sinter, and the chemical composition of the iron ore fines, together with the thermal conditions that blends are subjected to, plays an important role in forming the primary melt during the sintering process and accordingly determines the sinter structure and quality. Therefore, considerable importance has been placed on the chemical composition and consistency of iron ore fines, particularly in terms of alumina content. Due to depletion of high grade iron ore resources, alumina content in the iron ore fines is expected to increase gradually. Ore with higher alumina content is usually expected to be detrimental in forming the sinter matrix, if sintered alone, due to the low reactivity of alumina bearing minerals and the high viscosity of primary melts. The selective granulation process is a new sintering process for high alumina iron ore fines, and can eliminate the adverse effects of ‘hard to sinter’ or ‘unsuitable – for ironmaking’ ores. In the present work laboratory sintering experiments have been carried out with iron ore fines of different alumina level (2.00 to 5.46 mass‐%) to know the influence of alumina on mineralogy, productivity, physical and metallurgical properties of sinter prepared by the conventional and the selective granulation process. With increasing alumina content in sinter of both the conventional and selective granulation process, the fractions of hematite and of silico‐ferrites of calcium and alumina (SFCA) as well as the pore phase increased whereas the magnetite and silicate phases decreased. With increase in alumina content sinter productivity and tumbler index (T.I.) decreased, and metallurgical properties like sinter RDI and reducibility improved. However, sinter of the selective granulation process showed better results compared to the conventional process.     

改善武钢铁矿粉烧结强度的配矿试验

烧结生产中某一铁矿粉质量分数在20%以上时,对烧结矿指标有较大的影响。研究表明,在高比例使用同化温度高、粒度细、成球性差的铁矿粉后,烧结矿的强度明显下降,燃耗增加;在高比例使用流动性好的铁矿粉后,烧结矿强度和利用系数均会降低。利用铁矿粉的烧结基础特性指导烧结杯配矿研究的试验表明,使用25%左右A粉,30%左右C粉,15%左右E粉以及碱度为2.0左右的铁矿粉烧结,可以较大程度地提高转鼓强度,综合烧结指标较好。     

铁矿粉烧结制粒过程颗粒行为研究综述

摘要：烧结原料需经过制粒处理以确保高效低耗的烧结生产,即在水或其他粘结剂的参与下混合料颗粒在相互运动、碰撞中形成粒度更大且粒度分布更窄的聚团颗粒体。制粒效果受制粒设备参数和铁矿粉物理化学性质的影响,因而合适的制粒工艺和铁矿粉优化配置对烧结技术经济指标的改善具有显著作用。阐述了制粒现象的基本理论,综述了制粒过程中颗粒聚结长大的作用力以及颗粒的长大机制,制粒工艺参数如加水量、搅拌动能、制粒时间等和铁矿石的粒度组成、表面性质、颗粒形貌等性质对制粒效果的影响规律。相关结果为系统深入理解铁矿粉制粒过程以及高效生产优质准颗粒提供理论基础。     

基于矿相结构与冶金性能的酸性球团质量综合评价

针对中国高炉冶炼沿用的"高碱度烧结矿+酸性球团+块矿"的炉料结构,立足于化学成分、微观矿相结构、物理性能及冶金性能,从多角度对5种进口酸性球团矿的质量进行综合评价.结果表明,北美酸球物理性能相对较好,转鼓指数分别为95.67％、95.55％;巴西酸球还原后的抗压强度普遍偏低,分别为282.8、347.6 N.巴西酸球主...     

铁矿粉矿物组成对烧结矿冶金性能的影响

 为了研究混匀矿的微观矿物组成对烧结矿性能的影响,首先使用XRD精修手段定量分析了矿粉的矿物组成,进而设计烧结杯试验。通过检测试验所得烧结矿的冶金性能和观察所得烧结矿的矿相结构得到,赤铁矿、石英能促使软化开始温度升高,赤铁矿对烧结矿的还原性也是有利的,而高岭石不利于烧结矿还原性的维持,还会降低烧结矿的软化开始温度,使熔融温度区间增大。随着针铁矿含量增加,烧结矿低温还原粉化指数先降低后增高。在矿相结构方面,相较于赤铁矿,针铁矿更容易生成针状铁酸钙,高岭石分解产生的SiO2产生了硅酸盐相。由此可知,混匀矿中赤铁矿、针铁矿FeO(OH)、高岭石、石英等矿物对烧结矿的性能有着较为显著的影响。     

外矿型烧结矿矿相结构与冶金性能的定量关系

 为了改善外矿型烧结矿的质量,对不同类型外矿为主要含铁原料的烧结矿的矿相结构进行了系统定量研究,分析了外矿对其矿相结构的影响规律,找出了烧结矿矿相特征与冶金性能的定量关系。研究结果表明,以斯特拉麦克粉和天发海超特粉为主要含铁原料(1号)的烧结矿,铁酸钙含量较多,以交织熔蚀结构为主,局部出现粒状-斑状结构,低温还原粉化率RDI_{>3.15 mm}较好,气孔率较高,转鼓指数较低。以纽曼粉、PB粉和杨迪粉为主要含铁原料(4号和5号)的烧结矿,5号烧结矿中赤铁矿含量较多,铁酸钙含量较低,以熔蚀-粒状结构为主,局部为共晶结构,转鼓指数最高,但低温还原粉化严重;4号烧结矿的纽曼粉和PB粉的含量较多,以交织熔蚀结构为主,局部出现粒状-斑状结构,转鼓强度较低。以纽曼粉和得宝麦克粉为主要含铁原料(2号和3号)的烧结矿,3号烧结矿铁酸钙含量最多,矿相结构较为均匀,以交织熔蚀结构为主,局部见针状铁酸钙交织他形赤铁矿,该烧结矿质量最好;2号烧结矿的纽曼粉和得宝麦克粉含量较高,矿物组成中赤铁矿含量多,铁酸钙含量少,以交织熔蚀结构为主,局部出现粒状-斑状结构,低温还原粉化严重。建议以纽曼粉为主,配加少量麦克粉、杨迪粉及超特粉做为主要含铁原料,以改善现场烧结矿质量。