去除脉冲噪声的自适应开关中值滤波

为消除图像中的脉冲噪声,提出了自适应开关中值(ASM)滤波算法。该算法采用一种新的噪声检测方法将图像中的像素分为信号点和噪声点两类。对检测出的噪声点统计其个数并由此估算图像中的噪声密度,根据估计的噪声密度自适应确定滤波窗口尺寸,采用改进的中值滤波对检测出的噪声点进行处理;而信号点则保留其灰度值不予处理。对ASM滤波进行仿真实验,结果表明,它能在有效去除噪声的同时很好地保护图像细节,较传统中值滤波及其它改进中值滤波算法有更优的滤波性能。     

应用多通道脉冲噪声检测的彩色图像自适应中值滤波方法

首先对彩色图像RGB 3个颜色通道的子图像,以串行的方式,确定出各颜色通道的脉冲噪声位置。根据待检测像素点附近4个邻域的灰度均值,自适应调整脉冲噪声判断阈值。由各通道的噪声检测结果经运算得到彩色图像脉冲噪声检测结果。采用改进的自适应矢量中值滤波法,对脉冲噪声有选择地滤除。实验结果表明,该方法结合标量方法进行脉冲噪声检测,矢量方法滤除彩色图像中的脉冲噪声,具有较好的滤波性能指标和视觉效果。     

神经网络识别图像椒盐噪声的自适应滤波方法

为了使椒盐噪声不影响图像的后续处理,提出一种基于BP神经网络噪声检测的自适应开关滤波器来检测和滤除图像椒盐噪声.该方法利用像素值及其邻域特性作为像素点的描述即神经网络的输入,通过神经网络自动检测图像的噪声位置,据此保持非噪声点不变,对噪声点进行自适应窗口大小的均值滤波处理,且仅窗口内非噪声点参与均值运算.实验结果表明,...     

基于集合经验模式分解和K-奇异值分解字典学习的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对经典K-奇异值分解算法构造的字典中原子形态受噪声、谐波干扰影响,进而降低冲击故障特征提取精度的问题,提出了基于集合经验模式分解和K-奇异值分解字典学习的冲击特征提取方法。该方法首先利用集合经验模式分解与Hurst指数对振动信号进行预处理,剔除谐波干扰;其次,利用经典K-奇异值分解算法和预处理信号构造超完备字典;然后,利用K-均值聚类算法对字典中的原子进行筛选;最后,利用正交匹配追踪算法实现冲击故障特征的稀疏表示。实验分析和工程应用验证了所提方法的有效性和实用性。     

A neural network‐based nonlinear filter for image enhancement

This paper explores a novel neural network‐based nonlinear filter that has the ability to remove mixed noises and sharpen the edges in noise‐corrupted digital images. The noise is assumed to be a mixture of both Gaussian and impulse types. Initially, a nonlinear filter is used to reduce the noise. The smoothed image is then combined with the output of an edge detector using a synthesizer to provide the effect of noise reducing and edge sharpening. The smoother and synthesizer are designed by using layered neural networks. Simulation results show that the proposed filter can effectively remove the mixed Guassian and impulsive noises and sharpen the edges. It can adapt itself to the various noise environments by learning during the training process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 56–62, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10009     

Noise reduction using mean shift algorithm for estimating 3D shape

Abstract

The technique to estimate the three-dimensional (3D) geometry of an object from a sequence of images obtained at different focus settings is called shape from focus (SFF). In SFF, the measure of focus — sharpness — is the crucial part for final 3D shape estimation. However, it is difficult to compute accurate and precise focus value because of the noise presence during the image acquisition by imaging system. Various noise filters can be employed to tackle this problem, but they also remove the sharpness information in addition to the noise. In this paper, we propose a method based on mean shift algorithm to remove noise introduced by the imaging process while minimising loss of edges. We test the algorithm in the presence of Gaussian noise and impulse noise. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm based on the mean shift algorithm provides better results than the traditional focus measures in the presence of the above mentioned two types of noise.     

基于峭度准则EEMD及改进形态滤波方法的轴承故障诊断

针对轴承故障成分常以周期性冲击成分出现在振动信号中,而冲击响应成分常被强大噪声淹没,造成轴承故障特征提取困难等问题,将集成经验模态分解(EEMD)与改进形态滤波方法相结合,在本征模态函数(IMF)及形态学结构元素(SE)选取时均以峭度准则为依据,对筛选出的IMF分量进行信号重构后,再进行基于峭度准则的改进形态滤波方法处理。结果表明,该方法可避免共振解调中中心频率及滤波频带选取,自适应性较好;通过对实际滚动轴承内外圈故障分析,该方法可清晰准确提取到故障特征信息,噪声抑制效果好,可用于轴承故障精确诊断。     

水中目标辐射噪声特性仿真

文章中讨论了水中目标一船体辐射噪声的特性。运用冲激响应不变法来设计IIR数字一阶低通滤波器，并用此滤波器对高斯白噪声进行滤波，滤波器的输出能很好地模拟船体辐射宽带连续噪声，此输出信号的功率谱在高频端以6dB／oct的斜率下降。运用直接数字信号合成技术产生多个低频线谱信号，并将它与宽带连续噪声相加，从而来模拟船体辐射的低频线谱。     

Robustification of noise radar detection

A study of robust detection scheme for continuous wave noise radars is presented. The probability density function (PDF) of the noise at the input of the radar is not usually Gaussian and has heavy tails generated by impulse interferences. Although the PDF of interferences at the output of the noise radar correlator is Gaussian, impulse interferences increase the processing floor, and thus decrease the overall radar sensitivity. The proposed robustification applied to the correlator?s input signal increases the radar sensitivity in the presence of impulse interferences, and does not introduce any significant losses if the input noise is purely Gaussian.     

基于最大相关熵准则的水下生物脉冲噪声消除方法

近海生物噪声表现为脉冲噪声,这一类噪声显著降低了水声通信系统的性能。结合水声信道的稀疏特性,提出一种基于最大相关熵准则的级联滤波器算法,该算法实现了脉冲噪声的消除及稀疏信道估计。第一级自适应滤波器完成对噪声的消除工作,第二级滤波器对去噪后的信号进行稀疏信道估计。该方法的优势在于无需知道信号和噪声的相关信息。仿真结果表明,提出的方法比单一的滤波器结构和传统信道估计算法性能更加优越。     

Impulse noise reduction using hybrid neuro-fuzzy filter with improved firefly algorithm from X-ray bio-images

Noise filtering performance in medical images is improved using a neuro-fuzy network developed with the combination of a post processor and two neuro-fuzzy (NF) filters. By the fact, the Sugeno-type is found to be less accurate during impulse noise reduction process. In this paper, we propose an improved firefly algorithm based hybrid neuro-fuzzy filter in both the NF filters to improve noise reduction performance. The proposed noise reduction system combines the advantages of the neural, fuzzy and firefly algorithms. In addition, an improved version of firefly algorithm called searching diversity based particle swarm firefly algorithm is used to reduce the local trapping problem as well as to determine the optimal shape of membership function in fuzzy system. Experimental results show that the proposed filter has proved its effectiveness on reducing the impulse noise in medical images against different impulse noise density levels.     

基于峰度检验和小波包分解的海洋平台脉冲噪声处理方法研究

海洋平台处于复杂的环境中,不仅受到风浪流的作用,而且还受到平台本身各种机器运转的影响,所以在平台上采集的信号一般都不可避免地包含大量噪声。其中,脉冲噪声是振动响应数据处理中经常遇到的干扰,严重影响了后续损伤敏感特征的提取。为了更好地消除脉冲噪声对特征提取的不利影响,引入了一种峰度检验和小波包阈值联合的降噪方法。将测得的原始信号进行峰度检验,确定脉冲噪声的影响区间,对区间内的信号进行小波包阈值降噪处理,并对处理后的小波包系数进行重构得到降噪信号。针对某在役导管架平台的实测数据,验证了该研究提出的降噪方法的有效性。结果表明,该方法改善了受脉冲噪声影响的加速度信号的质量。     

Switching vector median filters based on non-causal linear prediction for detection of impulse noise

A new group of switching vector filters based on the non-causal linear prediction for the detection of impulse noise from colour images is presented. The proposed filters utilise the non-causal linear prediction coefficients obtained from the block-by-block autocorrelation function to find prediction vector pixel value at the centre of the filter window. Thirteen prediction coefficients are selected from the autocorrelation matrix obtained from a block of an image, and these coefficients are used to predict all pixels in that block. The difference between the predicted pixel and the original decides whether the pixel is corrupted with impulse noise. Extensive simulation experiments indicate that the new vector filters outperform the other vector filters currently used to eliminate impulse noise from colour images.     

Automated detection of glioblastoma tumor in brain magnetic imaging using ANFIS classifier

This article proposes a novel and efficient methodology for the detection of Glioblastoma tumor in brain MRI images. The proposed method consists of the following stages as preprocessing, Non‐subsampled Contourlet transform (NSCT), feature extraction and Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system classification. Euclidean direction algorithm is used to remove the impulse noise from the brain image during image acquisition process. NSCT decomposes the denoised brain image into approximation bands and high frequency bands. The features mean, standard deviation and energy are computed for the extracted coefficients and given to the input of the classifier. The classifier classifies the brain MRI image into normal or Glioblastoma tumor image based on the feature set. The proposed system achieves 99.8% sensitivity, 99.7% specificity, and 99.8% accuracy with respect to the ground truth images available in the dataset.     

Manifold Learning Using Linear Local Tangent Space Alignment (LLTSA) Algorithm for Noise Removal in Wavelet Filtered Vibration Signal

A denoising procedure is proposed to remove both out-band and in-band noise for extraction of weak bursts in signal obtained from defective bearing. Energy of continuous wavelet scalogram is computed and the band having higher energy is selected to remove the out-band noise. Signals of selected band are brought together to form a high-dimensional waveform feature space. Further, low dimensional waveform manifold is formed using linear local tangent space alignment (LLTSA) algorithm to remove in-band noise. A criterion, entitled as frequency factor is also proposed to determine the optimum neighbour size of LLTSA. The two complicated conditions are chosen to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique in the extraction of bursts in the noisy situations. A significant improvement in the signal to noise ratio is observed when in-band noise is removed using manifold learning by LLTSA algorithm. The experimental result reveals the success of the proposed denoising procedure in extraction of defect features, even in the case of noisy condition.     

基于凸包优化的盲源分离在图像去噪中的研究

目的针对高斯-脉冲混合噪声图像中难以有效去除大量奇异点或离群数据的问题,提出一种基于凸包优化的盲源分离方法来去除图像中的混合噪声。方法该方法把混合噪声和原图均看作未知的源信号,依据噪声图像中混合噪声与原图内容的加性关系建立盲源分离的模型,并利用凸包优化的方法构建源信号(凸包极点)的仿射包,然后通过最小化仿射包到凸包(噪声图像)上的投影误差,求解混合噪声和原图2个源信号,实现去噪混合噪声、复原原图的目的。结果实验结果发现,无论高斯-脉冲混合噪声强弱,该方法去噪复原后的峰值信噪比和平均结构相似性分别在39.9129 d B和0.9以上。结论由实验数据证实该方法可有效地从盲源分离的角度去除图像中高斯-脉冲混合噪声、复原原始图像。     

Noise predictive belief propagation

We introduce iterative noise whitening for belief-propagation-based channel detectors over intersymbol interference channels with correlated additive noise. In particular, we consider longitudinal magnetic recording systems. The proposed "noise predictive belief propagation" (NPBP) detector iteratively whitens the noise samples by modifying the edge probability computation. NPBP detectors based on finite impulse response and infinite impulse response prediction filters are developed. In addition, we introduce a novel prediction filter optimization method leading to a better noise whitening performance. Simulation results for both coded and uncoded systems show that significant improvements can be obtained.     

基于形态分量分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

在改进形态分量分析阈值去噪方法的基础上,提出了基于形态分量分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。形态分量分析根据信号中各组成成分的形态差异,构建不同的稀疏表示字典对各组成成分进行分离。当轴承出现局部损伤时,其振动信号往往由以包含轴承自身振动的谐振分量、包含轴承故障信息的冲击分量及随机噪声分量构成。谐振分量表现为信号中的平滑部分,而冲击分量则表现为信号中的细节部分,因此,可根据谐振分量与冲击分量的形态差异,实现二者的分离。本文方法利用形态分量分析对滚动轴承故障信号中的谐振分量、冲击分量和噪声分量进行分离,然后根据冲击分量中冲击之间的时间间隔诊断滚动轴承故障。算法仿真和应用实例表明,本文方法能有效地提取滚动轴承故障振动信号中的故障冲击成分。     

ICA和ANC技术在声脉冲无损检测中的应用

作为一种无损检测手段，声脉冲检测技术已被广泛应用于产品质量测试中，但是在工农业应用环境下，脉冲信号常常会被周围的噪声所干扰。尝试利用独立成分分析（ICA）和主动噪声控制技术（ANC）来降低这些干扰。在ICA方法中，将被测样本所激发的声脉冲响应、以及干扰噪声作为两个独立成分（IC），进行了分离实验；对于ANC系统，由于待抵消噪声中含有有用信号（声脉冲），所以该系统是一种特殊的、具有信噪比处理增益的有选择性噪声控制系统。文中分别对ICA和ANC技术做了简要介绍，并进行了声学实验，实验表明这两种方法都有较好的应用前景，同时也各有优缺点。     

基于最小熵解卷积和Teager能量算子直升机滚动轴承复合故障诊断研究

为了解决强背景噪声环境下直升机滚动轴承故障信号微弱,故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于最小熵解卷积(Minimum Entropy Deconvolution,MED)与Teager能量算子(Teager Energy Operator,TEO)的滚动轴承故障特征提取的新方法。根据滚动轴承故障信号表现为冲击波形的特点和MED降噪对冲击特征敏感的特性,采用MED对故障信号进行降噪处理,同时增强信号中的冲击成分;再结合TEO适合检测信号的瞬时变化,能有效提取故障信号冲击特征的特点,计算降噪信号的Teager能量信号,进行频谱分析提取滚动轴承的故障特征。通过对仿真信号和直升机滚动轴承混合故障信号进行分析,实验结果表明,该方法能有效提取强背景噪声环境中的微弱复合故障特征,具有一定的工程应用价值。