地下水渗流对地埋管周围土壤影响的模拟研究

文章利用商业建模软件GAMBIT和FLURNT对垂直地埋管换热器与周围土壤换热进行了数值模拟,区别于以往的纯导热模型,文章基于饱和多孔介质和地下水流动理论,建立垂直地埋管换热器三维模型,模拟地下水渗流对垂直地埋管换热器周围土壤换热的影响。主要通过三维垂直单U型地埋管换热器的热渗耦合模型,研究在地下水渗流条件下,对周围土壤的影响。     

地下水渗流对地埋管换热器换热的影响研究

为确定土壤源热泵中垂直单U型埋管方式下渗流对地埋管运行时周边土壤的温度波动及不同渗流速度对其换热的影响,采用整体求解法利用数值模拟软件参照大连某工程项目建立了地埋管三维非稳态传热模型,通过实验结果与模拟结果的对比验证其模型可靠性。对冬季有无渗流工况下运行的地埋管换热器进行数值模拟并将模拟结果进行比较分析。得出有渗流时地埋管换热产生的冷量不易集中在埋管侧,可解决土壤冷堆积问题并提高了埋管换热器换热效率的结论。冬季单位井深换热量增加33.4%,换热效率提高32.5%,有效减少系统初投资。     

水平蛇形地埋管与土壤换热数值计算模型与实验结果对比分析以及变系统加热量对水平蛇形地埋管换热性能的影响

采用热响应实验方法,在系统流量相同的前提下,改变热响应实验的加热量运行埋深2.2m层的水平蛇形地埋管系统。还建立了与实验工况之一条件一致的水平蛇形地埋管与土壤换热耦合数值计算模型,利用CFD软件求解,比较分析埋深为2.2m层水平蛇形地埋管与土壤换热数值计算工况和实验工况,发现数值计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,从而证明实验结果是可用的。比较在相同流量不同加热量的实验工况下单独开启2.2m层水平蛇形地埋管与土壤换热数进出口水温、土壤平均传热系数K随时间的变化,得出一定的变化规律和参考数据。     

土壤耦合热泵系统垂直埋管换热器性能影响因素的模拟分析

采用对钻孔内、外2个传热空间分别讨论的传热分析方法,建立土壤耦合热泵系统垂直埋管换热器传热的数学模型。模拟分析冬季换热过程中埋管周围土壤温度的变化,得出取热工况下地埋管换热器换热性能的影响因素。模拟结果将有助于提高热泵系统的循环经济性能。     

跨季节土壤蓄热太阳能数值模拟研究

为减少太阳能利用所受的季节性限制,以太阳能跨季节蓄热为背景,土壤为蓄热介质,利用ANSYS软件对水平地埋管与土壤的非稳态换热过程进行三维数值模拟。在流速、管径、土壤初始温度以及运行时间等条件相同的情况下,分别讨论埋管深度、管内流体温度、土壤热物性参数以及埋管间距对土壤蓄热效果的影响。结果表明:对于埋深为1.5m、2.0m、2.5m这三种工况,埋深2.5m的土壤蓄热量最大,埋深1.5m的蓄热量最小。对于流体温度为60℃、70℃、80℃这三种工况,温度为80℃的土壤蓄热量最大,60℃的蓄热量最小。对于沙土、粘土、褐土和花岗岩这四种土壤,褐土是最有利于蓄热的,沙土是最不利的。对于埋管间距为2.8m、3.2m、3.6m、4m这四种工况,土壤蓄热量随埋管间距的增大而增大,管间距为4m的土壤蓄热量最大,2.8m的蓄热量最小。     

土壤温度场对垂直单U形埋管换热性能的影响分析

针对广州地下50m以内土壤温度场,研究广州地区土壤温度的分布特性和变化规律,建立垂直单U形地埋管地下换热区域温度场的三维稳态和瞬态传热模型,模拟冬季工况下埋管区域土壤温度场的分布情况,分析不同土壤初始温度对地埋管换热器埋管深度的影响。最后,计算某一别墅工程动态负荷,选用GLHEPRO3．0进行为期30年的系统运行模拟,分析地下埋管区域土壤热平衡对埋管换热性能的影响,从而为广州地区推广使用土壤源热泵系统的长期高效运行提供理论参考。     

放射状地埋管连续储热温度场分析

土壤源热泵系统因为其高效、环保、节能等优点得到越来越广泛的应用。本文分析U形地埋管不同倾斜角及不同圆环直径时周围土壤的温度分布情况,得出地埋管周围土壤温度随时间的变化规律及随深度的变化曲线。建立U形地埋管的二维和三维的数值传热模型,采用Fluent软件对其非稳态的流固耦合换热进行研究。模拟结果表明,放射状地埋管在冬季储热工况下,与水平面呈75°角、圆环直径为4 m的放射状地埋管换热量最大,热积聚效应最小。     

土壤源热泵地埋管传热与机组性能的实验研究

在夏热冬冷地区的长沙建立了土壤源热泵系统实验台,开展了制冷工况下垂直U型地埋管换热器的实验研究,测定了地埋管周围的土壤热物性,分析了地埋管换热器的钻井深度、埋管类型、循环水流量等参数对地埋管传热和机组性能的影响。研究结果表明,选择合适的换热器类型、增大地埋管深度、提高循环水流量可以有效提高单位井深换热量。     

水平埋管换热器换热性能数值模拟研究

为进一步推广水平埋管式地源热泵系统的运用,以土壤毛管水理论为基础,结合数值仿真试验探讨了水平埋管换热器在不同地下水位深度、不同土壤类型、不同水平管换热器构造下的换热性能,通过对输出参数埋管出口水温、水平管延米换热量以及土壤温度场分布情况的分析,揭示了相关参数对水平管换热性能的影响机制.研究表明:随着地下水位线埋深变浅,...     

垂直地埋管夏季非连续运行传热相干性数值模拟与研究

通过分析地埋管换热器的传热特性,建立了地源热泵地埋管换热器数学物理模型,利用FLUENT软件对换热器的传热相干性进行了数值模拟,在此基础上,通过对地埋管换热器传热性能实测与夏季非连续运行工况的模拟结果比较,得到不同埋管间距周围的土壤温度沿径向的变化规律及地埋管传热相干性的影响规律。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.