不同类型膨胀阀对热泵热水器性能影响的研究

目前热泵热水器大多采用热力膨胀阀作为系统的节流元件,但是其仅能控制过热度,而无法根据其他热力参数对系统进行更加优化的控制.首先建立了热泵热水器稳态数学模型,搭建了实验装置,并将模拟结果与实验进行了对比,验证了模型的精确性.然后,对系统中采用热力膨胀阀和电子膨胀阀等两种情况进行了模拟分析,结果显示,采用电子膨胀阀后可有效...     

低频率下电子膨胀阀调节对制冷系统性能的影响

以R32变制冷剂流量制冷系统实验装置为研究对象,通过改变变频压缩机频率和电子膨胀阀开度,对低频率下电子膨胀阀调节对系统性能的影响进行了实验分析。研究结果表明:1)系统制冷量和质量流量在各频率下变化规律相同;2)当控制蒸发器出口过热度在2 K附近时,低频率范围(25~35 Hz)内存在一个最佳频率点,与其他各频率相比,其系统COP最高;3)低频率下压缩机在过热度0 K附近极少量的吸气带液就会对系统性能造成严重影响,这在实际运行中需要极力避免;4)低频率下(25~35 Hz)控制过热度从0 K变为10 K,电子膨胀阀调节区间为4%~9%,而高频率下(40~50 Hz)调节区间为15%~23%,提高冷冻水温度可以有效改善低频下电子膨胀阀的调节性能。以上结论可以推广到其他变制冷剂流量系统,如变频热泵空调和汽车空调等。     

补气增焓系统中补气量控制方式的应用分析

补气增焓系统在低温热泵领域得到越来越广泛的应用,在补气增焓技术的实际应用中,如何控制补气量是系统高效运行的关键。本文结合市场上产品应用现状,对使用电子膨胀阀同时控制排气温度和补气过热度、热力膨胀阀控制排气过热度及电磁阀控制排气温度这3种常用的补气量控制方式的优缺点及使用成本进行对比分析,并进一步通过试验定量地研究其应用效果。结果表明:以补气过热度为控制目标的系统制冷能力最高,高于其他方式10%以上。     

变流量制冷系统中频率与电子膨胀阀开度的协同控制研究

针对变流量(VRF)制冷系统控制中的滞后或超调现象,本文以变频滚动转子式制冷系统为研究对象,分别通过改变压缩机频率与电子膨胀阀开度,建立了两者单独控制下的曲线拟合模型,并对不同工况下两者的同步控制方法进行了实验研究。结果表明:过热度随膨胀电子膨胀阀开度的增大而减小,在电子膨胀阀开度为28%～32%与频率为44.5～46.5 Hz时,过热度控制难度上升,通过调节冷冻水温度可改善这一状况;在一定的工况下,通过控制质量流量,可以得到频率与电子膨胀阀开度的关系式,实现电子膨胀阀开度与压缩机频率的同步控制,使系统迅速达到稳定状态。     

补气对热泵低温工况性能影响的试验研究

经济器热泵主回路与补气回路均采用开度可调的电子膨胀阀,分别在环境温度-15℃、-10℃、7/6℃下,试验研究不同主回路电子膨胀阀EEV_1和补气回路电子膨胀阀EEV_2开度组合时的系统性能,得到了经济器热泵低温工况下运行时的控制策略:在吸气压力不至过低,排气温度不超过保护温度的前提下尽可能的降低主回路电子膨胀阀开度,同时控制补气回路电子膨胀阀开度使得补气过热度尽可能较小。相比不补气而言,在试验工况下,补气时的制热量和COP最高可分别提升28.7%和11.1%。     

变制冷剂流量制冷系统过热度振荡机理实验研究

本文以变制冷剂流量制冷系统实验装置为研究对象,通过改变电子膨胀阀开度、冷冻水侧加热量和冷却水出水温度,对系统过热度振荡机理进行了实验分析。结果表明:1)电子膨胀阀开度较小时(24.7%~25.3%),蒸发器出口过热度振幅在1 K内,随着开度增大(25.6%~26.2%),振幅变大,约为3 K,当开度为26.5%~26.8%时,振幅恢复到1 K以内;2)传热机理的变化是导致过热度振荡的根本原因,影响蒸发器管内沸腾特性的主要参数是蒸发器换热量和质量流量,研究过热度振荡时需将两者综合考虑;3)压比对质量流量的影响较大。在压比增大初期,质量流量逐渐增加,表面传热系数大幅增加,过热度降低;当压比继续增加时,换热机理一直在液膜对流沸腾换热和过热蒸气换热间交替,维持不变。过热度振荡特性在膨胀阀-蒸发器闭环控制时更为复杂,在今后的研究中需要重点关注。     

吸气过热对R404A涡旋式压缩机性能影响的研究

针对在不同蒸发温度下,不同吸气过热度对R404A涡旋式压缩机的能力、功率、排气温度及COP的影响进行试验研究,并进行比较和分析.     

热力膨胀阀对高速列车空调系统性能的影响分析

为了研究热力膨胀阀对高速列车空调系统性能的影响,对有故障的高速列车空调系统进行了膨胀阀静态过热度调节试验,分析了不同静态过热度下空调系统性能。分析和试验表明,增大膨胀阀静态过热度可以有效改善膨胀阀供液不足以及蒸发盘管分液不均的现象,从而提高蒸发压力和蒸发温度,解决空调不制冷的问题。     

R410A风冷热泵冷热水机组变环境温度制热运行特性分析

对以R410A 为制冷剂的风冷热泵冷热水机组完成了变环境温度制热运行的实验.在环境温度为7--10℃的范围内,进行了机组制热量、输入功率、COP、压比、排气温度、吸气温度、过冷度、过热度等特性随环境温度变化的测试,分析了 R410A 机组在变环境温度下制热运行的特性,为R410A 机组的设计与工程应用提供了实验参考依据.     

不同电子膨胀阀控制方式下空气源热泵热水器性能

空气源热泵热水器需全年运行,其工况复杂多变,因而对系统控制有更高的要求。基于电子膨胀阀可灵活选择控制参数的特性,本文针对排气温度提出一种简易的定排气过热度控制方式,结合定阀开度及传统的定吸气过热度控制方式分别进行实验研究并分析对比其内在过程。实验结果表明:在入风温度为22℃时,定阀开度下排气温度大幅下降,但COP最低且液击风险较大。定吸气过热度下COP虽然最高,但排气温度也相应最高。定排气过热度控制下COP虽略低于定吸气过热度控制,但排气温度较定吸气过热度控制下平均有效下降约7 K。同时,与定阀开度控制相比,平均COP提升了4. 9%,并可避免大量回气带液风险,从而有效结合了两种方式下的优点。     

Experimental investigation on convective heat transfer mechanism in a scroll compressor

This paper describes an experimental study on the convective heat transfer inside the scroll compressor. An experimental refrigeration system is composed with extensive instrumentations in the compressor that is operated at variable speeds. The 13 thermocouples installed inside the compressor monitor the temperatures of the scroll wrap during compression process of refrigerant. The temperature and the pressure of refrigerant at suction, and the pressure at discharge ports are measured, and applied to the numerical simulation as the operating condition parameters. The temperature measured at the discharge port is used to verify the simulation result with relevant heat transfer coefficient. This paper describes the effect of motion of the orbiting scroll on the convective heat transfer in the scroll wraps. Separate experiments are performed to investigate the heat transfer in such a peculiar physical condition. With this experimental result, the effect of the oscillation of the wall on the heat transfer is quantitatively analyzed and applied to the simulation of compression process in scroll compressor. The whole consecutive compression processes in the scroll compressor is simulated in detail by solving equations of mass and energy balance for the refrigerant. The modified heat transfer coefficient correlation considering the effect of motion of the orbiting scroll predicts the discharge temperature better than other typical heat transfer coefficients.     

水流量对空气源热泵热水器性能的影响

通过对空气源热泵热水器的性能进行实验研究,测试了水流量对热泵热水器性能的影响。实验结果表明：水流量对加热时间、能效比等性能有一定的影响,这种影响随着流量偏离正常值而加剧;设计适当的水流量,不但可以适当提高热泵热水器的能效比（COP）,而且降低了冷凝器进出口水的温差值和排气压力。     

Scroll compressors using gas and liquid injection: experimental analysis and modelling

The first part of this paper presents an experimental analysis of different hermetic scroll compressors using different methods of injection: the first one is without injection, the second one uses vapor injection and the third one liquid injection. The analysis reveals the influence of these methods on the compressor behavior. A simplified model of the scroll compressor is then proposed that takes into account not only the different internal processes but also the refrigerant injection. It assumes that the refrigerant mass flow rate is affected by a heating-up due to a uniform wall temperature. This fictitious wall is supposed to gain heat from the electromechanical losses and from the discharged gas and to loose heat to the suction and to the ambient. The compression step is considered isentropic up to the adapted pressure and then at constant volume until the discharge pressure. The model is able to compute variables of first importance like the mass flow rate, the electric power and the discharge temperature, as well as secondary variables as suction heating-up, discharge cooling-down, and ambient losses. The validation based on 45 experimental results shows excellent results.     

Transverse electric discharges in supersonic air flows: Simulation of the effects influencing the heating of gas in discharge channel

The Navier-Stokes equations are used to numerically investigate the gasdynamic aspects of interaction between a transverse discharge and supersonic flow in a model of heat source. The effect made by the jet and by the gasdynamic interaction of discharge channels on temperature is analyzed for plane flows with a pair of identical heat sources. Axisymmetric flows are calculated for a uniform incident flow. A marked variation of the flow parameters in the discharge zone and in the wake is observed if the power of energy input corresponds to, or is higher than, the gas enthalpy flow incident via the characteristic cross section of heat source. The calculation results are compared with experimental data. Explanations are provided of the results of experiments in heating a supersonic flow by a transverse electric discharge.     

数码涡旋变容制冷系统冷凝器动态特性分析

针对数码涡旋压缩机的容量调节方式,将冷凝器内部流量的响应规律转化为外部一个变化的流量输入信号,建立数码涡旋变容制冷系统的冷凝器仿真模型;分析了热负荷、出风温度、制冷剂进口压力在不同容量输出下的动态变化特性。结果表明,在容量调节作用下,热负荷、出风温度呈现出周期性波动趋势,但其总体是随容量输出比例的降低而减小;而制冷剂进口压力变化不显著。     

水冷套管式CO_2气冷器的设计及实验研究

本文设计了一台CO_2套管式气冷器并对其进行了换热特性的实验研究。该气冷器采用逆流三重套管,CO_2在内管流动,冷却水在内外管间流动。实验研究了不同CO_2质量流量、入口压力和冷却水温度对传热系数、换热量和换热器效能系数的影响。实验结果表明,随着CO_2质量流量的增加,传热系数和换热量均呈先增后减的趋势,换热器效能系数逐渐减小;CO_2质量流量不变时,传热系数、换热量和换热器效能系数均随气冷器CO_2入口压力的升高而逐渐增大;随着冷却水温度的升高,传热系数、换热量和换热器效能系数均逐渐减小。     

自然循环在新型低温传热元件中的性能

针对自然循环与低温热管耦合的新型传热元件稳态特性进行了数值计算.基于一些合理假设,利用一维均相流模型对液氮在自然循环管路中的流动与传热过程进行计算,得到了两相流动中干度沿管程方向的分布,循环流量、干度等参数随外加热负荷变化的规律,以及不同管径对循环流量、干度分布、冷头稳定温度的影响,并与实验结果进行了比较与分析,为优化实验装置提供了理论依据.     

An NTU-ε model for alternative refrigerants: Un modèle NTU-ε pour les frigorigènes de remplacement

This paper presents a steady state simulation model to predict the performance of alternative refrigerants in vapour compression refrigeration/heat pump systems. The model is based on the NTU-ε method in analysing the heat exchangers following an elemental approach. The model extends its applicability to new refrigerants including hydrocarbons and uses a large database of REFPROP package for refrigerant properties. The main inputs to the model include the physical details of the heat exchangers, compressor efficiency, mass flow rates of heat transfer fluids and their inlet temperatures to the evaporator and the condenser, the pressure drops across the heat exchangers and the capacity of either the evaporator or condenser (in kW). The model results are validated with a wide range of experimental data of HCFC22 and propane (HC290) on a heat pump test facility for a number of parameters, e.g. coefficient of performance, condenser capacity, mass flow rate of the refrigerant and compressor discharge temperature. Although the model is currently tested for pure refrigerants using compact brazed plate (counter flow type) heat exchangers, it can also be applied to mixture of refrigerants as well as to other types of heat exchangers.     

水源热泵系统的稳态模拟与实验研究

建立了水源热泵机组的稳态模型,分别对制冷、制热工况进行了模拟,并在一个名义制冷量为25kW的水源热泵机组实验台上进行了稳态工况的测试,对机组的性能随冷却水、冷冻水入口水温的变化情况做了研究,验证了数学模型的正确性并获得了一些有益的结论.