CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系粉煤灰微晶玻璃的析晶动力学及电子探针分析

利用烧结法制备了CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系粉煤灰微晶玻璃。采用差热分析方法确定了析晶峰温度Tp,研究了其晶析动力学,并利用JMA方程获得的析晶动力学参数k（Tp）制备玻璃热稳定性。采用X射线衍射、电子探针-能谱分析方法研究了微晶玻璃中玻璃基体、晶相的组成。研究结果表明：析晶活化能Ea为591.5kJ/mol,指前因子A为1.87×1013min-1,k（Tp）判据表明玻璃的稳定性随升温速率的增加而降低;升温速率对主晶相的种类没有影响,即均为单一的β-硅灰石,其尺寸大小约为2～20μm;基体玻璃中原子种类十分复杂,既有网络形成体,又有网络修饰体和网络中间体,其性质与Na2O SiO2玻璃相近。     

ZrF4—BaF2—LaF3—ZnF2系统玻璃的析晶行为和动力学

用DTA和XRD分析、TEM观察，IR光谱以及等温和不等温DSC等方法，研究了61．5ZrF4.(31-m)BaF2·7．5LaF3·mZnF2玻璃（m=0-6%(mol))的晶化过程和析晶动力学。结果表明：该系列玻璃是由分相导致整体析晶，DTA曲线上的Tc1峰为β-BaZrF6和β－BaZr2F10晶相的共同析晶峰，DTA曲线上的Tc2峰为LaF3·2ZrF4晶相的析出峰和β－BaZrF6→α-BaZrF6多晶转变峰；玻璃的析晶动力学过程可以用JMA方程来描述；以适量的ZnF2取代BaF2可使玻璃的形成能力有所改善。     

玻璃析晶难易的一种新判据

提出了用析晶动力学参数k=vexp(-E/RT)作为判别玻璃析品难易的新方法。指出这一方法较目前沿用的用析晶活化能E作判据的方法更能准确地反映玻璃析晶的难易程度。经过严格推导,得出修正Johnson-Mehl-Avrami公式ln(T_p~2/α)=ln(E/R)+E/RT_(p-lnv)。从此式可以方便、准确地获取析晶活化能E和频率因子v,从而得出k=voxp(-E/RT)。对高钛钡系统玻璃及氟化物玻璃的研究证实了k参数较R参数更能反映玻璃析晶的难易。     

氟化铟系统玻璃研究

本文研究了各种氟化物对30ZnF_2·20BaF_2·20SrF_2·30InF_3玻璃稳定性的影响。用差热分析法测定了氟化钢系统玻璃的析晶动力学参数及临界冷却速率。研究结果表明,GaF_3及CdF_1的引入能显著增强该系统玻璃的形成玻璃能力和稳定性,在此研究基础上制得了成玻璃性能较好,透红外截止波长为8.5—9μm的氟化铟基玻璃。     

Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃的析晶动力学研究

Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃是一种新型建筑材料,该材料不仅具有一定的力学性能,还具有良好的装饰效果.本文采用差热分析 (DTA)方法对 Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃的析晶动力学参数进行了测定,研究了该系统微晶玻璃析晶动力学.其结果表明:随着CaO含量的增加,该系统微晶玻璃的析晶活化能E和动力学析晶参数k(Tp)总体上是上升的.晶化指数n均小于3,表明该系统微晶玻璃以表面析晶的方式析晶.     

以(ZrF_4+AlF_3)为基础的重金属氟化物玻璃

本文确定了ZrF_4-AlF_3-YF_3-BaF_2-CaF_2系统的玻璃形成区。该系统玻璃形成区随CaF_2/BaF_2含量比的逐渐升高而由富ZrF_4区域向富AlF_3区域迁移。从而通过控制BaF_2和CaF_2的成份配比可得到由任意配比AlF_3和ZrF_4作为玻璃形成基础的重金属氟化物玻璃。 研究了(46-x)ZrF_4·xAlF_3·14YF_3·30BaF_2·10CaF_2和20ZrF_4·20AlF_3·14YF_3·20LiF·(26-x)BaF_2·xCaF_2等系列组分玻璃的密度、折射率、转变温度、析晶下限温度及热膨胀系数等物理性质随成份的变化规律,并对重金属氟化物玻璃的形成规律进行了讨论。     

TiO2对CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃析晶的影响

本文运用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)研究了TiO2含量对CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃析晶过程和析晶动力学的影响.结果表明:随着TiO2含量的增加,玻璃转变温Ts和析晶峰温度Tp逐渐降低.当不加TiO2或者添加5wt％的TiO2时,玻璃发生表面析晶,析出的晶相为斜长石.当添加10wt％的TiO2时,玻璃样品在800℃热处理后发生剧烈分相,910℃晶化后出现整体析晶,晶相为普通辉石.随着TiO2含量的增加,析晶动力学常数k值增大.当添加10wt％的TiO2时,k值达到最大,为0.545,此时玻璃最容易析晶,相应的析晶活化能E和析晶指数n分别为643.329 kJ/mol和3.25.     

CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃陶瓷的析晶动力学研究

采用差热分析方法(DTA)对CaO-Al2O3一SiO2体系玻璃陶瓷的析晶动力学参数进行了测定,研究了该系统微晶玻璃的析晶动力学.结果表明:随着CaO/SiO2比的增大,该系统玻璃的析晶活化能E变小,析晶动力学反应速率k(T)增大,玻璃稳定性变小.所有玻璃样品的析晶指数(n)约为1,为表面析晶机制.     

AlF3基氟磷酸盐玻璃的析晶动力学及其红外透过性能

以 10MgF2 ·2 0CaF2 ·BaF2 ·10SrF2 ·15YF3·35AlF3氟铝酸盐玻璃为基玻璃 ,用Ba(PO3) 2 替代等摩尔含量的BaF2 ,以改善玻璃的抗失透能力。用差热分析方法研究了Ba(PO3) 2 含量对氟铝酸盐玻璃热性能和析晶动力学的影响。结果表明 :Ba(PO3) 2 含量增加使玻璃转变温度Tg和析晶温度Tx 升高 ,熔化温度降低 ,成玻璃能力增加。在玻璃中加入摩尔分数 (下同 )为 2 %的Ba(PO3) 2 即可获得无析晶的 8mm厚玻璃。另外 ,还给出了含 2 ?(PO3) 2 玻璃的透过光谱 ,玻璃的红外透过范围可达 4μm ,该玻璃具有较好的成玻璃性能 ,并有较宽的红外透过范围和高的透过率 ,是一种很有前途的光学玻璃材料     

Fe2+、Fe3+对CASM系微晶玻璃析晶性能的影响

为了能够利用冶金行业中的大量含铁固体废弃物制备高附加值的微晶玻璃,采用差热分析法(DTA)研究了Fe2+、Fe3+对CASM系微晶玻璃析晶性能影响。研究结果显示,Fe2+可以降低微晶玻璃的热处理温度,但是少量的Fe3+则会使热处理温度升高。同时计算了不同含量的Fe3+和Fe2+玻璃料的析晶动力学参数K(Tp)。分析结果表明,Fe2+对该配方下的微晶玻璃的析晶能力影响较小,当其含量为0～7.5%时Fe3+对析晶能力影响也较小;当Fe3+含量高于7.5%时其能够显著提高玻璃的析晶能力,但对于采用烧结法制备微晶玻璃工艺,析晶能力太强不利于微晶玻璃的烧结。因此固体废弃物中的铁含量较高时,其以Fe2+的形式存在时较为有利。综合微晶玻璃的力学性能,在该配方体系中Fe2+和Fe3+含量应分别不高于4.5%和3.0%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。