Effects of Rare Earth on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Clean BNbRE Steel

The effects of REinsteel include cleaning,mod-ifyinginclusions and alloying[1 ~4]. With the develop-ment of steel-making and continuous casting process-ing,the fluctuation range of the composition of steelwas mini mized ,the cleanliness of steel was i mpr…     

稀土对BNbRE重轨钢微观组织的影响

通过实验测定、金相观察和理论分析,系统研究了稀土在BN bRE重轨钢中的赋存状态和存量的变化规律,及其对微观组织的影响作用机制。研究发现,对于BN bRE重轨钢而言,加入大量的稀土并不能增加钢中的固溶稀土含量,固溶稀土含量均保持在0.0012%以下。少量的固溶稀土可以细化BN bRE重轨钢的奥氏体晶粒度和珠光体片层结构。     

稀土在BNbRE重轨钢中的作用机制

通过化学分析、金相观察和理论分析,研究了稀土在BNbRE重轨钢中的存在状态和含量的变化规律,以及它对钢的硫化物夹杂、微观组织和性能的影响机制。研究发现,对于BNbRE重轨钢,加入大量的稀土并不能增加钢中固溶稀土的含量,固溶稀土的含量均保持在0．0012％以下。少量的固溶稀土可以细化BNbRE重轨钢的奥氏体晶粒和珠光体片层结构。在本实验条件下,BNbRE重轨钢的最佳稀土加入量约为0．02％,此时BNbRE重轨钢的塑性和冲击韧性得到显著提高。     

Internal Friction in Rail Waist of BNb and BNbRE Steels

The experi ments showed that the inclusions andpearlite of the steel were modified and/or refined ,andthe plasticity ,toughness , wearability as well as theservice life of the rail were obviouslyi mproved by add-ing RE.It was firstlyfoundthat as a result of additionof REinthe steel ,there appeared an obvious inhibit-ing and/or di minishing effect on the fatigue damage ,particularly on both nuclear damage and rail waistdamage[1 ,2]. However , whether the initiation and ex-tension of the residi…     

Factors Influencing High Temperature Thermo Plasticity of BNbRE Steel at the Third Brittle Zone

In view of fine cracks occurred on the surface of BNbRE continuous casting slabs for heavy rail in the practiced production, the effect of two factors, i. e. deformation temperature, deformation velocity, on thermo plasticity of BNbRE steel at the third brittle zone was quantitatively investigated on GLEEBLE-1500D thermal-mechanical simulator after measuring the RA-T curve of BNbRE steel. The results provide experimental data for optimizing the technology of continuous casting secondary cooling zone and avoiding the occurrence of fine surface cracks.     

稀土元素在洁净重轨钢中存在状态的热力学模型研究

建立了可以定量描述洁净稀土重轨钢凝固过程中成分偏析与夹杂物析出的耦合热力学模型,经文献验证,模型具有较高精度。通过模型分析了稀土加入量对洁净钢中夹杂物的析出规律与稀土存在状态的影响。得出在洁净重轨钢中加入稀土可以变质钢中MnS、Al₂O₃夹杂;钢中首先析出稀土氧硫化物(或稀土铝酸盐),其次是稀土硫化物,最后是稀土氮化物;在同一稀土加入量条件下,固溶La的量要大于固溶Ce的量。     

BNbRE高速轨用钢的试制

本文总结了准高速轨的试制过程 ,对其冶炼、精炼、连铸的生产工艺进行了较全面的分析。试制结果表明 ,采用BNbRE钢试制的准高速轨性能良好 ,能够满足产品质量的要求     

Effect of Rare Earth （Niobium） on Costed and Hot-Rolled Microstructure and Properties of Heavy Rail Steels

Effect of Rare Earth (Niobium) on Costed and Hot-Rolled Microstructure and Properties of Heavy Rail Steels     

BNb与BNbRE钢轨踏面区的内耗

测量了BNb钢和BNbRE钢重轨踏面区使用(热轧)态及其700℃、30min WC、室温变形态试样的内耗。发现,两种钢轨热轧态试样都有Snoek—Kê—Kster(SKK)峰;但这两种钢热轧态样品的内耗,有较明显的差异:未加稀土的BNb钢轨的SKK峰明显地大于加丁稀土的BNbRE钢轨的峰,前者的峰温度也较后者高约20℃;但后者有可测的Snoek峰,而前者则没有此峰。两种钢变形态样品的SKK峰大致相同。对结果做了讨论。     

Effect of Rare Earth Composite Modification on Microstructure and Properties of a New Cast Hot-Work Die Steel

The effects of RE modification on structure and the properties of a new cast hot-work die (CHD) steel were investigated. The grains of the CHD steel are refined by RE modification. With the increase of RE addition, both grain size and inclusion amount are reduced. Appropriate amount of RE results in decrease in inclusion amount and formation of spheroidal inclusions uniformly - distributed in steel, so that the morphology and distribution of inclusions are improved. RE composite modification favors the formation of bainite, austenite and fine lath martensite with dense dislocation. When the residual RE content reaches 0.02 %, no obvious changes in strength and hardness are found, while fracture toughness and threshold of fatigue crack growth are increased. The impact toughness, elongation and reduction of cross sectional area are increased by a factor of two, and thermal fatigue resistance is also improved.     

国外高性能轨钢最新进展

介绍了国外珠光体型和贝氏体型高性能轨钢的最新研究进展,列举了它们的化学成分、工艺参数和力学性能。JFE公司开发了重载铁路用高耐磨性和抗滚动接触疲劳性珠光体钢轨(SP3)。美国通过控制先共析渗碳体和初始奥氏体晶粒尺寸开发了新型珠光体轨钢。印度开发了高耐蚀性Cr-Cu-Ni珠光体轨钢。波兰和美国分别开发了新型空冷贝氏体轨钢。英国利用热力学极限解决了贝氏体钢耐磨性较珠光体钢差的问题,设计出无碳化物的贝氏体钢轨。     

Effects and Mechanisms of RE on Impact Toughness and Fracture Toughness of Clean Heavy Rail Steel

 Clean high carbon heavy rail steel was prepared by the process of vacuum induction furnace smelting, forging and rolling. Mechanisms of RE on the impact toughness and fracture toughness for clean high carbon steel were investigated. In addition, the appropriate range of RE content for clean high carbon steel was determined. Both the austenite grain size and pearlite lamellar spacing decreased due to small amount of RE, consequently the impact toughness and fracture toughness were improved evidently. When the RE content exceeded a critical value, the pearlite lamellar spacing was increased, because RE was segregated on the austenite grain boundaries, damaged the orientation relationship of pearlite transformation, caused the disorder growth and morphology degenerating of pearlite. With the increasing of RE content, both the impact toughness and fracture toughness of clean high carbon steel were gradually increased at first and then decreased. It was found that when the RE content was between 00081% and 00088%, both the impact toughness and fracture toughness of clean high carbon heavy rail steel were the best. The maximum ballistic work was 212 J (20 ℃) and 122 J (-20 ℃), respectively. The maximum plane-strain fracture toughness was 4567 MPa·m1/2 (20 ℃) and 3704 MPa·m1/2 (-20 ℃), respectively.     

BVRE重轨钢奥氏体长大行为的动力学研究

以BVRE重轨钢为研究对象,通过真空冶炼、锻造和轧制工艺制备合格的重轨钢试样.在此基础上,系统研究稀土重轨钢奥氏体晶粒的长大动力学.实验结果表明,随着加热温度的提高,稀土重轨钢奥氏体晶粒呈指数关系长大;随着保温时间的延长,稀土重轨钢奥氏体晶粒长大呈抛物线规律.重轨钢中添加微量的稀土,可以明显降低不同加热条件下的奥氏体晶粒尺寸.模型计算结果表明,重轨钢的奥氏体晶粒长大公式分别为:d4.80=d4.800+ 2.82×1028texp(- 556450/RT)(不加稀土)和d5.34=d5.340 +4.52×1032texp(- 646890/RT)(稀土重轨钢).稀土主要通过晶界的偏聚机制使奥氏体晶粒长大激活能由556450J·mol-1增加到646890J·mol-1,从而抑制奥氏体晶粒尺寸的增加.     

稀土对V微合金重轨钢高温塑性的影响

U76CrRE钢(/%:0.71～0.80C、0.50～0.80Si、0.80～1.10Mn、0.04～0.10V、0.25～0.35Cr、0.02RE)和U75V钢(/%:0.70～0.78C、0.50～0.70Si、0.75～1.05Mn、0.04～0.08V)的冶炼工艺流程为铁水预处理-150 t复吹转炉-LF-VD 280 mm×380 mm连铸,LF精炼后通过喂稀土包芯线加入稀土。对钢的铸坯进行热塑性试验结果表明,加入稀土主要在第Ⅲ脆性区提高V微合金重轨钢的高温塑性,950～1225℃U76CrRE钢和U75V钢的平均断面收缩率Z值分别为83.34%和65.17%,1250℃U76CrRE钢和U75V钢的Z值分别为58%和12%。为防止铸坯出现裂纹,铸坯的矫直温度应≥900℃。     

Effect of RE Elements on the Morphology of Carbides and the Impact Fatigue Properties of the Low Cr White Cast Iron

An apparatus of zone melting unidirectional solidification with a steep temperature gradient andan impact fatigue tester were used.The effect of RE elements on the morphology of carbides and the impactfatigue properties of the low Cr white cast iron were investigated.Experimental results showed that the modi-fying effect of RE elements was remarkable on the M3C carbides.With the addition of RE elements in thelow Cr iron,a lot of plate-like carbides were transformed into lath-like and rod-like ones.The higher thecontent of RE elements was,the more was the fraction of the lath-like and rod-like carbides.In the low Crwhite cast iron,the RE modifying agent can efficiently increase the impact fatigue resistance and decrease thecrack growth rate and delay the time of incipient cracking.With the increase of the content of RE elements inthe low Cr cast iron,the impact fatigue resistance increased greatly and the crack growth rate decreased rap-idly.     

Study and Application of Nb-V-Ti Microalloyed Cast Steel

Microalloyingisoneoftheeconomicalandef fectivewaystomeettherequirementsforhighquali tysteel,andmuchworkhasbeenconductedinthis field[1-6].Asmalladditionofcarbide andnitride formingmicroalloyingelementssuchasnobelium, titaniumandvanadiummarkedlyaffectsth…     

Research on Thermal Wear of Cast Hot Forging Die Steel Modified by Rare Earths

Thermal wear of cast hot-forging die steel modified by rare earths（RE） was studied and compared with commercially used die steels. The function of RE and the mechanism of thermal wear of cast steel modified by RE were discussed. The results showed that with increasing content of RE, the wear rate of cast steel reduced at first and then increased. By adding 0.05% （mass fraction） RE, the cast hot-forging die steel with optimum thermal wear resistance was obtained, which was better than that of H13 and 3Cr2WSV. The large amount of coarse inclusions, （RE）2O2S, resulted from excessive RE, which obviously deteriorated thermal wear resistance. The mechanism of thermal wear of the modified cast die steel is oxidation wear and oxide fatigue delamination. The wear debris are lumps of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4.     

Effects of Lanthanum on Mechanical Properties of 5CrNiMo Forging Die Steel

The alteration of the strength, hardness and impact ductility of 5CrNiMo steel using three different additions of RE La element is studied in this paper. The mechanical properties of 5CrNiMo steel with RE La additions are be compared with that of the 5CrNiMo steel on the same heat-treatment condition without RE La element addition. The results show that the strength. hardness and impact ductility of 5CrNiMo steel will be improved obviously when the content of RE La element is proper, and as the content of RE La element is 0.033% (mass fraction), the 5CrNiMo steel has the best mechanical properties.     

车轮钢摩擦热影响区的相变及其损伤机理

将有限元热力耦合一温度场分析与材料相变特征的实验研究相结合，研究了高速度(200kin／h)、大载荷(10^5N)条件下车轮摩擦热影响区的相变过程，探讨了材料对该过程的影响。结果表明，轮一轨摩擦导致的车轮踏面局部升温可超过材料的奥氏体相变的临界点，碳含量为0．5％时，完全奥氏体化层的深度可达0．6mm；过冷奥氏体高速冷却，几乎全部形成脆硬的马氏体薄层，造成踏面剥离。通过降碳来降低车轮钢奥氏体相变的临界点，可以显著抑制踏面马氏体层的形成。随着碳含量从0．7％降至0．4％，材料的Ae3提高45℃，马氏体层的厚度减小30％，有助于减少车轮踏面的热疲劳损伤。     

980 MPa耐蚀钢轨U68CuCr的开发和应用

通过制定合理成分和铁水脱硫-120 t顶底复吹转炉-吹氩-LF—RH-280 mm×380 mm坯连铸-轧制工艺,开发了980 MPa热轧耐蚀钢轨U68CuCr（/%:0.65~0.75C,0.40~0.80Si,1.00~1.30Mn,≤0.030P,≤0.025S,≤0.50Cu,≤0.50Cr,≤0.05Nb）。试验结果表明,耐蚀钢轨U68CuCr抗拉强度≥1060 MPa,伸长率≥12%,踏面硬度HB值为300~310,珠光体片间距为0.2μm,耐磨性能优于同一强度级别的U75V钢轨。2%NaCl溶液腐蚀试验显示,耐蚀钢轨U68CuCr腐蚀速率为U75V钢轨的57%。在京广线使用3年,通过总重量超过3亿吨,耐蚀钢轨U68CuCr使用性能良好,其各项指标均满足铁路运输要求。