一种CO2/pH双重调控变粘聚合物的合成及性能研究

将丙烯酰胺（AM）与甲基丙烯二甲胺基乙酯（DMAEMA）进行自由基共聚,制备出一种粘度可调控变化的新型聚合物P（DMAEMA-AM）。聚合物分子结构采用红外光谱进行表征;通过溶液电导率证实其具有可逆调控性能;同时对聚合物热敏性、CO2/pH调控粘度变化规律及其变粘机理进行了研究。结果表明,通过CO2/pH刺激调控,P（DMAEMA-AM）水溶液粘度能够发生可逆变化。     

一种CO2调控变粘聚合物合成及变粘机理分析

将甲基丙烯二甲胺基乙酯(DMAEMA)与丙烯酰胺( AM)进行水溶液原子自由基共聚,制备出一种新型粘度可控聚合物P (AM-DMAEMA)。其最佳合成条件为: 单体浓度20%,聚合温度40℃,引发剂浓度0.2 %,聚合时间4.0h。聚合物分子结构采用核磁氢谱进行表征; 通过溶液电导率、Zeta电位及粒径分析实验证实其具有CO2可逆调控性能,并对聚合物溶液粘度变化性能及变粘机理进行了研究。结果表明,P(AM-DMAEMA)水溶液具有CO2调控变粘性能和较好的CO2结合稳定性。     

一种CO_2调控变黏聚合物合成及变黏机理分析

将甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)与丙烯酰胺(AM)进行水溶液原子自由基共聚,制备出一种黏度可控聚合物P(AM-DMAEMA)。其最佳合成条件为:单体质量分数20%,聚合温度40℃,引发剂质量分数0.2%,聚合时间4.0 h。聚合物分子结构采用1HNMR进行表征;通过溶液电导率、Zeta电位及粒径分析实验证实其具有CO2可逆调控性能,并对聚合物溶液黏度变化性能及变黏机理进行了分析。结果表明,P(AMDMAEMA)水溶液具有CO2调控变黏性能和较好的CO2结合稳定性。     

浅析CO_2汽提法尿素装置合成系统的NH_3/CO_2

介绍CO2汽提法尿素装置合成系统的NH3/CO2的控制方法,合成系统NH3/CO2异常的症状,判断方法,偏离正常时的处理和防范措施。     

可逆CO_2/N_2响应型开关聚合物的合成及性能评价

以N-(3-二甲氨基丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAPMA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,以过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂进行自由基聚合,合成了一种CO_2/N_2开关响应型聚合物P(DMAPMA-AM)。通过单因素实验得出最佳合成条件为:n(AM)∶n(DMAPMA)=4∶1、单体总质量分数为25%、n[(NH_4)_2S_2O_8]∶n(NaHSO_3)=2∶3、引发剂加入量为单体总质量的0.2%、反应温度40℃、反应时间4 h。用FTIR、1HNMR对产物进行了结构表征,测量了质量分数为0.2%的聚合物水溶液在通入CO_2/N2前后的电导率、Zeta电位和平均粒径,并对其乳化性能进行了考察。结果表明:在通入CO_2后,溶液的电导率由12.6μs/cm上升到40.7μs/cm,Zeta电位由1.25 m V上升到10.11 m V,平均粒径由708.6 nm降低到137.1 nm,而向溶液改通N2后溶液的电导率降到14.2μs/cm,Zeta电位下降到1.96 m V,平均粒径上升到589.8 nm,表明P(DMAPMA-AM)具有可逆的CO_2/N2开关响应性能。扫描电镜测试发现,通入CO_2/N_2前后聚合物线团的尺寸以及疏水颗粒的数目发生了显著变化。CO_2/N2能将聚合产物存在的油水混合体系进行有效的破乳/乳化。     

Cu/Zn比对CuO/ZnO/ZrO_2催化CO_2加氢合成甲醇性能的影响

研究了不同Cu/Zn摩尔比对CO2加氢合成甲醇催化性能的影响。采用草酸凝胶共沉淀法制备了一系列不同Cu/Zn摩尔比的Cu O/Zn O/Zr O2催化剂,考察不同温度及Cu/Zn摩尔比对催化性能的影响,并结合X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和程序升温脱附(H2/CO2-TPD)技术对催化剂的结构和性质进行表征。结果表明:适宜的Cu/Zn摩尔比可以提高催化剂的反应性能。在513 K,2.0 MPa,n(H2)/n(CO2)=3/1和GHSV=4 800 h-1反应条件下,当R(Cu/Zn)=4时,Cu O/Zn O/Zr O2催化剂反应性能最好,CO2转化率高达17.8%,甲醇选择性高达67.8%。     

pH和CO_2响应性嵌段共聚物的合成及其自组装行为

采用可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)和开环聚合(ROP)合成一种具有双重敏感性的聚甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯-b-聚乳酸(PDMAEMA-b-PLA)嵌段共聚物。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振波谱(1HNMR)对双亲性嵌段共聚物的结构进行表征;用紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、Zeta电位及粒度分析仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了其自组装行为及聚集体的大小、形态变化,结果表明,嵌段共聚物在酸性和中性条件下有pH敏感性和CO2响应性,且具有良好的可逆性。     

离子液体聚合物CO_2吸附性能研究

为提高离子液体吸附CO_2的性能,通过自由基聚合制备了季铵盐类离子液体聚合物,采用两步种子溶胀法使该聚合物形成多孔结构,并通过扫描电子显微镜和差热-热重分析法对其形貌和热稳定性进行表征。研究了4种溶胀剂制备的多孔聚合物吸附CO_2的性能,试验结果表明:制备的多孔聚合物具有发达的微孔结构,孔径在0.4~0.8 nm内连续分布,且较集中于0.5~0.6 nm,达到38%以上;溶胀剂的种类对孔径分布及累计孔容有显著的影响,可归因于溶胀剂与聚合物的溶解度差异,采用混合溶胀剂得到的孔径分布更加均匀,而采用环乙烷溶胀剂得到的累计孔容明显减少;多孔聚合物的CO_2吸附量主要受累计孔容的影响,累计孔容相当的聚合物吸附CO_2的量也近似,在273 K、0.101 MPa条件下,约为1.1%。     

焦炉煤气气氛下甲烷CO_2重整改质的热力学研究

利用HSC6.0热力学软件,对焦炉煤气CO_2重整改质进行热力学分析。对改质过程中温度、压力、CH_4/CO_2及H_2/CO进行研究并探索其变化规律,确定最佳直接还原参数。结果表明:提高反应温度,有利于提高CH_4和CO_2的转化率、H_2和CO的选择性。在100 k Pa下,当CH_4_/CO_2=1,温度在600℃~1 000℃时,CH_4和CO_2的转化率分别为55.33%~97.78%、53.0%~99.43%,H_2和CO的选择性分别是21.69%~98.36%、18.15%~100%。当CH_4/CO_2变小时,CH_4的转化率变大,CO选择性变大,而H2的选择性变小。CH_4/CO_2和温度是调节H_2/CO的重要指标,压力是调节H_2/CO的一个过程量,但不影响最终的H_2/CO。综合考虑,在1 000℃、CH_4/CO_2=1、100 k Pa时,是较好的重整改质环境。     

CO_2二元混合物压缩/引射制冷循环性能研究

引入CO_2混合物以及利用压缩/引射制冷循环,能有效提高其系统循环效率。建立了两相流引射器系统,采用均相流的索科洛夫理论、Eames等理论及热力学方法中两相流引射器模型进行分析,通过与文献中的实验结果对比,确定热力学方法在两相流引射器的设计计算中较为接近实际。基于热力学方法对CO_2/R32(质量比40/60)、CO_2/R41(质量比20/80)两类二元非共沸混合工质压缩/引射制冷循环系统的效率进行分析,发现带引射器比不带引射器时效率分别提高了30%和20%,而且通过引入混合物改善物性后的系统效率可以比纯工质CO_2系统效率提高50%以上,同时证明了CO_2/R32的效果要好于CO_2/R41。     

A water‐soluble CO2‐triggered viscosity‐responsive copolymer of N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and acrylamide

A series of copolymers PDAMs were synthesized with varying monomer ratio of acrylamide (AM) and N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The resulting copolymer solution shows an interesting property of viscosity‐response which is CO₂‐triggered and N₂‐enabled. Tertiary amine groups of PDAMs experience a reversible transition between hydrophobic and hydrophilic state upon CO₂ addition and its removal, which induced different rheological behavior. A combination of zeta‐potential, laser particle‐size analysis, and electrical conductivity analysis indicated that, when the monomer mole ratio of DMAEMA and AM is less than or equal to 3 : 7, the hydrophobic association structure between the copolymer molecules was destroyed by the leading of CO₂ and caused a viscosity decrease in its solution. On the contrary, when the monomer mole ratio of DMAEMA and AM is more than 3 : 7, a more extended conformation due to the protonated tertiary amine groups is formed and the enhanced repulsive interactions among the copolymer molecule results in a rise of its solution viscosity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40872.     

紫外光引发甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯溶液聚合的研究

研究了甲基丙烯酸 -N ,N -二甲氨基乙酯的紫外光引发自由基溶液聚合的条件 ,包括引发剂安息香乙醚用量、单体浓度、光引发时间及其对聚合速率、产率与相对分子质量的影响 ,实验确定了制备线型聚甲基丙烯酸 -N ,N -二甲氨基乙酯聚合物的工艺及方法。采用膨胀计法研究了聚合反应 ,其反应速率与单体浓度呈 1.91级关系 ,结果表明 ,单体可能同时参与了光引发过程     

Rate of radical polymerization of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate in cyclohexane

Summary Anions of propene, isobutylene and cycloheptatriene have been prepared using Lochmann's Base. Star polymers in the form of one arm star, two arm star and three arm star polymers of styrene have been synthesized from the allyl anion (2), 2-methylenepropylenyl dianion (4) and the cycloheptatrienyl trianion (6) respectively, with acid end groups by quenching the living polymers with carbon dioxide. The number average molecular weight has been determined by stoichiometry, HPSEC and end group analysis by titration.     

Synthesis of cationic flocculant by radiation-induced copolymerization of methyl chloride salt of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with acrylamide in aqueous solution

The radiation-induced copolymerization of the methyl chloride salt of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEM·MC) with acrylamide (AAm) was used to prepare a cationic polymer flocculant. The polymerization rate increased with increasing dose rate, polymerization temperature, monomer concentration and mole fraction of AAm in the monomer mixture. The molecular weight of the copolymer was also found to increase with monomer concentration and mole fraction of AAm, but at high concentration and fraction of AAm, intermolecular crosslinking tends to occur during the polymerization to form water-insoluble copolymer. A water-soluble copolymer having various molecular weights and cationic strengths can be synthesized by selecting suitable reaction conditions; i.e., this radiation process can provide a much higher molecular weight copolymer with a wide range of cationic strength. The flocculation effect was evaluated using sludge from wastewater of sugar manufacture. It was found that the radiation-polymerized copolymer DMAEM·MC–AAm has an excellent flocculation effect.     

Controlled radical polymerization of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate using triazolinyl as counter radical

Summary The role of the triazolinyl radical as additive for controlled radical polymerisation is investigated for N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) as polar monomer. A linear increase of the molecular weight with conversion and first-order kinetics are observed proving the controlled behaviour of the polymerization. The end-functionalisation of the obtained polymers was proven by both GPC und UV-spectroscopy. Furthermore, various amphiphilic block copolymers were obtained by chain extension with styrene, methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate. In all cases monomodal GPC curves were obtained indicating an almost quantitative reinitiation.     

A study of gas transport through interfacially formed poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) membranes

Gas transport through interfacially formed poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) membranes was investigated. The membrane performance for the separation of binary CO₂/N₂, CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/H₂ mixtures was studied, and the coupling effects between the permeating species were evaluated by comparing the permeance of individual components in the mixture with their pure gas permeance. For the permeation of these binary gas mixtures, the presence of CO₂ was shown to influence the permeation of the other components (i.e., N₂, H₂ and CH₄), whereas the permeation of CO₂ was not affected by these components. In consideration that water vapor is often encountered in applications involving CO₂ separation, the presence of water vapor on the membrane permselectivity was also studied. When hydrated, the membrane was shown to be more permeable to CO₂, while the membrane selectivity did not change significantly. Unlike membranes based on size-sieving of penetrant molecules, the present membranes exploit the favorable interactions between the hydrophilic quaternary amines in the membrane and CO₂, especially in the presence of water vapor in the feed.