装载机工作装置建模和运动学仿真

装载机工作装置是完成装载作业的主要部件。在分析工作装置运动过程的基础上,确定液压缸驱动函数和设计参数。在ADAMS中建立工作装置模型,并进行运动学仿真分析和运动轨迹仿真。仿真分析结果为动力学分析和机构的优化设计及控制提供参考。     

三自由度螺栓拆卸机械手的设计及动力学分析

设计一种在核环境下工作的螺栓拆卸机械手,该机械手末端执行器上装载了液压驱动的拆卸螺栓的扳手头,机械手可驱动扳手头在空间实现三自由度运动。建立、求解其动力学方程,并分析其动力学性能;通过Laplace变换建立机械手的传递函数模型,设计相应的补偿重力影响的PD控制系统。建立该螺栓拆卸机械手的联合仿真模型,进行动力学仿真。仿真结果为机构系统优化设计和样机制造提供参考。     

基于ADAMS的三角轮系式移动机构动力学仿真

三角轮系式移动机构是爬楼越障机器人的重要组成部分。利用动力学仿真分析软件ADAMS建立三角轮系式移动机构的虚拟样机模型,对其各工况进行了动力学仿真分析,验证了其结构设计的合理性,分析结果为爬楼越障机器人机构的设计提供参考。     

6-PSS并联机构的刚-柔耦合动力学建模及仿真

主要对一种新颖的6-PSS并联机构进行刚-柔耦合动力学建模以及仿真分析。并联机构主要包括动平台、静平台、定长杆、滑块和冗余容错驱动装置等。以此机构为研究对象进行运动学分析,得到逆运动学方程。首先利用有限元理论对柔性杆进行离散处理,运用拉格朗日方程和动力学相关理论建立单元的弹性动力学方程及刚性子结构的动力学方程;推导出系统的弹性动力学方程。其次利用ADAMS软件和ANSYS软件建立6-PSS并联机构的刚-柔耦合体模型,对该模型进行仿真分析,与全刚体模型进行比较。仿真结果表明两类模型运动和受力曲线吻合,同时在短时间内,平台位置和受力误差趋于某一波动范围,模型各驱动力与系统负载相比较小;建立的刚-柔耦合体模型正确,机构的驱动性能较好。     

卧式数控旋压加工中心进给系统动态特性研究

进给系统动态特性是实现数控旋压加工中心高速、高效、高精度要求的关键因素。在构建卧式数控旋压加工中心进给系统动态参数模型的基础上,采用ADAMS软件建立进给系统的多刚体及刚-柔混合虚拟样机模型,通过运动学及动力学仿真,获得快速定位过程中工作台的运动曲线及丝杠轴的驱动转矩与驱动功率曲线。结果表明:刚-柔混合模型获得的工作台运动曲线在达到进给系统连续平稳运动要求的同时,相比多刚体模型更符合实际运动情况;丝杠轴的最大驱动转矩与驱动功率均小于伺服电机的额定转矩与额定功率,说明虚拟样机满足设计要求,可为物理样机的研制提供设计依据。     

基于AMESim与ADAMS的轮式装载机联合仿真

轮式装载机包含紧密耦合的液压系统和执行机构,很难在单一的软件平台中准确实现其动力学仿真。建立了装载机AMESim液压系统模型及ADAMS虚拟样机模型,利用上述两个软件进行联合仿真,使液压系统和机械系统可以实时交互作用。最后,将联合仿真结果与仅使用ADAMS进行的动力学仿真结果进行了比较,证明联合仿真结果是合理的。     

基于ADAMS与MATLAB的数控转塔冲床进给系统联合仿真

本文根据机械多刚体动力学理论,建立数控转塔冲床进给驱动系统的数学模型,利用机械系统动力学分析软件ADAMS建立动力学虚拟样机模型,MATLAB/Simulink建立数控转塔冲床进给驱动伺服控制系统仿真模型,结合两者实现机床的机电联合仿真。通过这种联合仿真,可以分析进给驱动伺服系统的动态特性,为物理样机进给系统的设计与调试提供可靠的参考依据。     

伺服压力机教学实验平台机构的力学分析

为了对一种肘杆式伺服压力机教学实验平台机构进行静力学和动力学分析,通过解析法建立了机构的运动学模型、动态静力学模型和动力学模型。首先,应用复数矢量法推导出压力机实验平台机构的位置、速度和加速度求解方程,得到了机构的位置、速度和加速度;其次,应用达朗贝尔原理建立了压力机实验平台机构的动态静力学方程,求解了机构的平衡力和运动副约束反力;再次,建立了机构的拉格朗日动力学方程,求解了伺服电机通过滚珠丝杠对机构的驱动力;最后,分别利用Matlab理论计算与ADAMS虚拟样机仿真得到冲锤的位置曲线、速度曲线、加速度曲线,以及平衡力、运动副约束反力和驱动力的变化曲线,并验证了所建运动学模型、动态静力学模型和动力学模型的正确性。     

一种新型磁流变传动机构的设计与研究

利用磁流变液体可控的特性,将磁流变技术应用于机电传动与控制系统。在阐述圆筒式磁流变传动机构工作原理的基础上建立其力矩模型,并从理论上分析结构参数对机构动态品质、功率损失、调速范围的影响。结果表明,合理设计机构的结构参数将有利于减小机构功率损失、提高调速范围,并改善机构的动态品质。     

伺服压力机双动肘杆机构的设计与研究

针对伺服机械压力机双动肘杆机构双自由度的特点,采用逆推设计原理对双动肘杆机构的主肘杆系统进行解耦,以滑块下死点作为起点进行设计分析,利用矢量方程解析法与动态静力学方法建立机构运动学与动力学的数学计算模型;采用MATLAB软件优化工具箱对主肘杆系统的运动学与动力学的多目标函数进行优化,得到了满足公称压力行程滑块速度波动小以及所需机构驱动扭矩小的一组参数;采用ADAMS软件对已有的等长肘杆机构、三角肘杆机构以及双动肘杆机构进行建模仿真,并对滑块的运动状态以及曲柄所需扭矩情况进行对比分析,得出双动肘杆机构符合伺服压力机设计要求。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。