考虑空化效应的表面微凸体织构摩擦副润滑性能研究

采用数值模拟方法,分析在不同速度和不同结构参数条件下微凸体织构的摩擦副润滑过程,研究在流体润滑条件下摩擦副表面的微凸体织构诱导空化效应的规律。结果表明：增加表面之间相对运动速度、微凸体织构的宽度或高度、微织构前段和后端的角度,均能导致空化区域面积增加,〖JP2〗使诱导空化现象更加明显;空化效应的出现抑制了微凸体后端负压区压力的降低,使得摩擦副的承载能力提高;空化效应可使界面之间由液体润滑转变为局部的气体润滑,使得界面之间摩擦因数的数值明显减小;考虑空化效应时,具有微凸体织构的摩擦副的承载力比不考虑空化效应时提高了35~74倍,摩擦因数降低了97.5%~98.7%。微凸体织构诱导产生的空化效应对提升承载力与降低摩擦因数的作用,明显大于微织构形成的流体动压作用,因此可以认为微织构诱导产生空化效应是微织构摩擦表面的一种重要承载机制。     

内燃机缸套-活塞环微织构设计与研究进展

微织构作为一种良好的表面改性技术已经被广泛应用于改善发动机缸套-活塞环摩擦副的摩擦性能。以微织构的研究方向为依据,分析微织构改善缸套-活塞环表面润滑摩擦性能的作用机制,总结和阐述织构复合化、组合织构以及织构仿生化等方面的研究现状和进展,最后,指出表面织构研究中存在的不足和对下一步研究重点的展望。     

齿轮表面织构化研究现状与进展

高速重载时齿轮摩擦界面的高温强应力场,是导致齿轮传动机构工作效率、运动精度及使用寿命降低的主要原因。应用表面织构可以改变齿轮副摩擦界面的摩擦学特性,为齿轮减摩降磨技术提供了一条新途径。介绍现有齿轮副齿面抗摩擦和磨损的主要方法,从理论上分析应用表面织构化齿轮减摩的可行性;分别综述表面织构技术在齿轮润滑和提高界面摩擦学特性方面的研究现状与进展,同时分析齿轮表面织构减摩机制、表面织构特征参数研究及表面织构设计方法方面存在的问题,提出后续应重点针对极端工况下的齿轮织构作用机制、特征参数与润滑效果关系及多变量齿轮织构设计方法开展研究,并展望齿轮表面织构技术对齿面减摩重要意义和应用前景。     

表面微织构影响点接触润滑摩擦性能的实验研究

针对球-盘高副点接触开展微织构表面摩擦学性能实验研究。采用激光工艺在试样表面上加工出具有一定形状、深度和面积比的矩形微织构,采用三维表面形貌仪测量微织构的形貌特征,在摩擦磨损实验机上进行摩擦学实验,研究往复运动模式下微织构深度、间距等参数对球-盘点接触润滑摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:较浅的微织构具有相对较小的摩擦因数;较高频率下微织构表现出较好的润滑和减摩效果;沿运动方向的微织构间距增大,摩擦因数逐渐降低,超过Hertz接触直径之后,摩擦因数变化不明显;垂直于运动方向微织构边长增大,摩擦因数呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势。     

硬质合金表面正弦微织构对其摩擦磨损性能的影响研究

为了探讨微织构对硬质合金表面摩擦磨损性能的影响,利用激光技术在硬质合金表面制备了一种正弦状沟槽型微织构,并在UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机上进行直线往复式摩擦磨损试验。试验分别在不同载荷、滑动速度和润滑条件下,对微织构化硬质合金表面的摩擦磨损性能进行评价。研究表明:硬质合金表面加工微织构并添加固体润滑脂能够有效降低硬质合金表面的摩擦系数;在同等条件下,正弦型微沟槽表面比传统直线型微沟槽表面具有更好的减磨性能;在高载荷和高滑动速度并添加润滑脂的条件下,正弦型微织构试样表面的减磨性能最好。     

粗糙度对微凹坑织构化表面摩擦学性能的影响

为了研究表面初始粗糙度和微凹坑织构共存时的表面摩擦性能,采用激光微织构加工技术在不同粗糙度的试样表面上加工出不同几何形貌的微凹坑织构,在MMW-1A摩擦试验机上进行正交摩擦学性能试验。结果表明:在混合润滑区域,表面粗糙度对摩擦性能的影响最为明显,未织构表面越粗糙,摩擦因数越小;存在合适的微凹坑几何参数与表面初始粗糙度值组合,使得织构化粗糙表面的摩擦性能达到最优;表面初始粗糙度对织构化粗糙表面摩擦性能的影响最为重要,其次为微凹坑的面积占有率,最后为凹坑深度,并且织构几何参数与粗糙度之间的交互作用对摩擦性能的影响也是不能忽视的。     

沟槽形表面织构对摩擦噪声的影响

用电加工方法在制动盘蠕墨铸铁材料表面加工出沟槽形表面织构(沟槽深度为30μm、宽度为150μm、间距为500μm),采用球—平面接触方式,选取直径为10mm的Si3N4球为对磨副,对沟槽形织构表面和光滑表面进行了摩擦噪声对比试验,研究了沟槽形表面织构对界面摩擦振动噪声的影响。试验结果表明(以下结论只针对本试验选定尺寸规格的沟槽形表面织构):法向载荷对织构表面产生摩擦噪声强度的影响较小,而对光滑表面产生摩擦噪声的水平具有重要影响;沟槽形织构表面在低法向载荷下较光滑表面更易产生摩擦噪声,但随着法向载荷从5N增大到10N,光滑表面产生的摩擦噪声强度迅速增大并与织构表面的接近;沟槽形表面织构使摩擦系统更易产生多频率的摩擦振动,较早地产生摩擦噪声且其主频率成分较复杂;沟槽形织构表面比光滑表面具有较高的摩擦因数和耐磨性,沟槽形织构的存在明显地改变了接触界面摩擦磨损行为和摩擦噪声特性,但其对应关系需要进一步深入研究。     

计入粗糙度的液压缸仿生微织构耦合效应研究

在间隙密封液压缸缸筒的内表面构造仿生菱形微织构,研究计入液压缸摩擦副表面粗糙度与表面微织构对液压缸缸筒内表面摩擦润滑性能的耦合影响。利用等效流量法求解表面微织构与表面粗糙度的耦合效应,同时以液压缸常用材料45钢为试件开展摩擦学试验,并对试验结果和仿真结果进行比较。研究结果表明:液压缸摩擦副的表面粗糙度与表面微织构耦合作用非常明显,合适的表面粗糙度和表面微织构尺寸,可使液压缸缸筒内表面从混合润滑状态转变为流体润滑状态,从而增大缸筒内表面的动压润滑效应;缸筒内表面的菱形微织构形貌存在最优组合,使得液压缸缸筒内表面的摩擦因数最小、润滑性能最好。     

沟槽微织构硬质合金刀具的摩擦仿真分析

在硬质合金刀具表面加工微织构已成为减摩抗磨最有效的技术之一.为了分析表面微织构的几何参数对硬质合金刀具表面的减摩机理,利用ABAQUS有限元软件对微织构刀具表面的摩擦磨损过程进行模拟仿真,研究不同宽度、深度和间距的微织构参数对刀具摩擦过程中应力分布的影响.仿真模拟表明,硬质合金刀具表面的微织构可通过改变应力分布来改善应...     

液压缸活塞表面微织构动压润滑性能分析

以织构化间隙密封液压缸为研究背景,利用平均雷诺方程对缸筒与活塞的配合处微织构流场进行数学建模,采用有限差分法对平均雷诺方程进行离散,分别对织构形貌为球缺面、圆柱面、圆锥面、抛物面、六面体和正方体进行数值模拟,获得最优微织构形貌,同时探讨了表面粗糙度,表面方向参数和面积占有率对表面摩擦因数的影响。结果表明:六种不同形貌的微织构均能在活塞表面产生动压润滑效果,圆柱形微织构表面动压润滑性能最好;粗糙表面的粗糙峰在运动过程中能够形成动压承载力,圆柱形表面的摩擦因数随粗糙度的增加而增加,微织构的摩擦因数随表面方向参数的增加而减小,随着面积占有率的增加而减小。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.