不确定需求下企业供应商数量优化问题研究

在不确定需求的条件下,从制造商采购总成本出发,建立了一个供应商数量优化模型。该模型综合分析了影响制造商采购成本的3大部分,即原材料成本、交易成本、供应商发生风险导致的缺货损失,并详细分析了各部分对供应商数量的影响。通过算例,分析了制造商变动交易成本、供应商发生个体风险的概率、制造商由于供应商发生个体风险产生的单位缺货损失以及制造商采购需求变化标准差大小对选择供应商数量的影响,为制造商进行供应商数量选择提供了建议。     

改进的质量功能配置在质量成本优化分析上的应用

在改进型的质量功能配置工具中,增加了质量保证成本和质量损失成本两个主要的评价指标,修正了市场竞争评价指数和技术竞争评价指数,并引入了层次分析法,对定性决策因素给以定量的测度权重.根据质量保证成本与技术重要度的关系,以及质量损失成本对质量需求的影响,提出了适合设计阶段的质量成本优化分析方法.最后的应用结果表明,利用改进型的质量功能配置工具进行质量成本分析是有效的.     

基于AHP方法对危化品仓库供应商选取的研究

该文基于对集成电路制造企业所需要使用的危险化学品的相关要素,例如仓库要素、运输要素和成本要素等相关指标建立评价体系。通过运用AHP(层次分析法)建立各相关要素的综合评价的权重值,建立了相关因素下第三方危化品仓库供应商选取的综合评价体系。根据此评价体系在三家潜在的供应商中选出最优供应商的危化品仓库A,既保证了危化品仓库储存的安全,有效地保障了生产,又合理控制了仓库存储和物流运输的成本。     

装配供应链上合作新产品开发管理研究

以装配供应链为研究对象,构建包含两个供应商和一个制造商的合作新产品开发成本分摊模型。讨论了供应商之间在定价和创新方面的相互影响,制造商的研发成本分摊策略以及整合成本对合作开发的影响。结果表明:任一供应商的研发投资行为,将导致另一供应商借机提高价格;任一供应商的创新能力增强,将激励另一供应商加大研发投入;制造商通过分摊研发成本能够有效激励供应商创新,最优成本分摊比例随整合成本系数递减,最大不超过二分之一。     

确定供应商评价指标权重的一种方法

首先分析了供应链管理中供应商选择和评价的重要意义，然后对选择供应商的评价指标及权重的确定问题进行了分析；根据已有的评价方法中确定指标权重方法的某些不足，提出一个灰关联分析模型，试图从灰色系统理论角度来探讨这个问题，最后，选择了质量、成本、交货期3个常用指标，建立起了供应商选择和评价的指标权重灰关联分析模型，给出了一个数据计算过程示例，并对计算结果进行了分析和讨论。     

风险厌恶下基于收入共享契约的供应链协调策略

在收入共享契约下,借助条件风险值理论研究风险规避零售商和风险中性供应商组成的二级供应链协调定价模型,推导出随机需求受价格影响的零售商最优零售价格、库存因子以及供应商最优批发价格。讨论风险规避系数、市场弹性系数和收入共享系数对分散供应链系统以及各成员运作绩效的影响。最后,进行数值算例,数值结果表明,随着零售商风险规避程度的增加,零售商和供应商运作绩效呈递减趋势,但采用收入共享契约可以有效的减少供应链系统以及各成员独立运作的绩效损失;当收入共享系数一定时,需求价格弹性系数越大,供应商和零售商运作绩效越小;然而零售商和供应商运作绩效并不受成本比例系数的影响。     

两级库存系统的供应商缺货成本的研究

针对一个供应商和多个销售商组成的两级供应链库存系统,在假设已知各个销售商的缺货成本和销售商、供应商都采取（R,Q）库存策略的前提下,通过公式的推导得到了各个链售商的最优再订货点,并确定了供应商的缺货成本,所得到的供应商缺货成本反应了两级库存系统的整体成本最优,最后对公式进行了计算应用。     

工件检测安全裕度对质量成本的影响评价

分析了工序能力系数与实际产生的废次品率和工件检测安全裕度与检出废次品率的关系 ,在安全裕度与成本损失之间建立了量的关系 ,为生产现场分析评价这种成本损失提供了一种实用的方法并为设计检测方案时确定合适的安全裕度以降低其成本损失提出了可行的建议     

先进复合材料可制造性中的成本估算理论框架

飞行器复合材料构件的可制造性评价是其结构制造工艺方案决策的重要依据,成本是评价体系中的一个重要指标。本文概述了先进复合材料可制造性中的成本概念及组成,应用过程估算方法建立了成本指标的估算理论框架及初步模型。通过对工时估算理论的分析,提出了适合于过程估算方法的工时概念关系式。应用本文所提出的先进复合材料可制造性成本估算理论,能够有效地建立较为实用的可制造性成本评价估算模型。     

定制生产模式下考虑中断风险的供应商选择研究

考虑供应商的中断风险因素,结合客户订单对交货时间的要求以及生产商对成本节约和客户服务水平的重视程度,通过建立贯穿整条供应链决策的集成优化模型,实现定制化生产模式下的供应商选择。通过实例仿真,得出当生产商同等重视客户服务水平和成本节约时,中断风险、价格和运输时间三个因素都需要被衡量和评价;当几乎忽略服务水平时,供应商的中断风险和价格成为主要衡量指标;当几乎忽略成本节约目标时,价格因素被弱化,中断风险和运输时间成为主要的评价因素,且延误订单的客户服务水平损失系数越大,则运输时间在评价因素中越重要。     

A learning model for the allocation of training hours in a multistage setting

In line with the continuous improvement theory, the learning phenomenon is often incorporated into models for predicting the evolution of the unitary quality costs. In this paper, the quality metric predicted is the rate of supplied non-conforming units through a learning process with autonomous and induced sources of experience. The former is simply learning by doing, i.e. supplying, whilst the latter is driven by the allocation of training hours to suppliers. A revised learning model with time-varying learning rates is proposed for embracing both these effects into a multistage assembly/production setting. A single-period prevention–appraisal–failure cost function is achieved, and the sample inspection rates adopted among suppliers are also considered in order to evaluate their effect. If these sample rates are given, the goal of allocating the training hours among suppliers is pursued by means of integer linear programming. Otherwise, a mixed-integer quadratic problem arises for the concurrent allocation of training hours and inspection sample rates among suppliers. A case study is finally carried out for demonstrating the applicability of the model, as well as for providing managerial insights.     

论交易成本与供应链战略合作伙伴关系

以交易成本理论为出发点，提出了企业选择资源配置机制的准则，阐述了供应链战略合作伙伴关系形成和运行的原因和条件，比较分析了各种资源配置机制的特征和适用条件。最后提出了供应链战略合作伙伴关系应具有的功能，指出并论证了企业应减少供应商数目，建立与供应商长期的关系。     

A dynamic sourcing strategy considering supply disruption risks

This study presents a formulation that supports decision-making by determining the optimal number of standby suppliers required to respond to supply failure risks. The problem of supply failure is modelled through a standby approach, in which failure is time-dependent. The probabilities of supply interruption, financial loss caused by supply failure, and operating cost of working with suppliers are modelled to yield the expected total cost, which enables organisations to determine the optimal number of suppliers. Two possible modes of substitution failure are considered in the standby model to enhance the analysis. A set of sensitivity analyses are performed for several input parameters to illustrate the model’s behaviour. The analysis provides an optimal sourcing strategy depending on a combination of supply risk, operational cost vs. loss ratio and length of the supply period. The proposed model indicates the benefits of cost savings, unlike other dynamic models that use multiple suppliers simultaneously.     

Transaction attributes and buyer-supplier relationships in AMT acquisition and implementation: the case of Malaysia

This paper explores how transaction attributes of technology affect differences in the relationship between technology buyers and suppliers. It also examines the impact on performance of different patterns of relationship between technology buyers and suppliers. Data obtained from 147 manufacturing firms in Malaysia are used to test several hypotheses, which were derived from a review of the literature on technology, transaction cost theory and buyer–supplier relationships (BSR). The research results indicate that the higher the level of technological complexity, specificity and uncertainty, the more firms are likely to engage in a closer relationship with technology suppliers. Even though the majority of firms reported improvements in their performance, results indicate that firms demonstrating a closer relationship with technology suppliers are more likely to achieve higher levels of performance than those that do not. It is also shown that with high levels of transaction attribute, implementation performance suffers more when firms have weak relationships with technology suppliers than with moderate and low levels of transaction attribute.     

A branch-and-bound algorithm for the concave cost supply problem

Effective supplier selection and allocation of order quantity among multiple suppliers are indispensable to the success of a manufacturing company. While companies have begun to turn into a comprehensive multi-criteria approach, most buyers still consider purchasing cost to be their primary concern in selecting their suppliers. In this paper, we consider the concave cost supply problem where a manufacturer seeks to select the suppliers and simultaneously procure the quantity of material/component required for production at the minimum total cost during a standard production period. We provide and validate an effective and efficient branch-and-bound algorithm that is finite and that finds the global optimal solution of the problem without any restrictions on the cost functions or on the set of input parameters used in the problem. Numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm.     

广告视角下智能小区实时定价博弈分析

考虑连续时间内供电商对用户的争抢行为，将广告微分博弈引入智能电网系统中以刻画供电商之间的相互竞争，并建立多供电商多用户Stackelberg博弈模型研究智能电网实时定价问题。通过求解用户侧优化问题及供电商之间非合作微分博弈纳什均衡，最终获得供电商与用户之间Stackelberg博弈均衡，以此得到供电商广告竞争下的智能电网实时电价。数值仿真结果表明：采取广告行为供电商的最大支付随其广告成本和定价先增后减，而随用户规模扩大而递增；另外，随着单位广告成本的增加，供电商统一电价逐渐降低，带来用户效用提高，且拥有较低广告成本的供电商售电较多。     

客户先期承诺:使供应链受益的一种有效方法

客户经常被价格上的折扣利益驱使而进行大批量订货采购或提前订货采购，一般情况下，这种低价格的刺激有利于供应链中的客户和供应商的成本降低。本文提出了通过获得客户先期订货承诺而使供应链获益的量化模型，并以原材料库存成本为例作了详细说明。     

生态供应链保鲜努力成本分担契约研究

在生鲜产品的需求受产品新鲜度和价格影响的情况下,论文考虑供应商的保鲜努力水平和运输产品所需时间对产品新鲜度的共同影响,分别构建了集中式和分散式供应链决策模型,并对最优保鲜努力水平、产品销售价格和供应链利润等进行了求解;利用传统成本分担契约和纳什讨价还价下成本分担契约对供应链进行协调,并结合算例对相关参数进行了灵敏度分析。研究表明,两种成本分担契约可以促使供应商提高保鲜努力水平,并为供应链带来更高的利润,其中纳什讨价还价下的成本共担契约更为有效。     

基于VMI的医院供应管理

医院大部分药品及相关用品属于易逝品,针对该类产品的特点,将VMI(Vender Managed Inventory)方法引入到医院供应管理研究中,通过建立两级供应链库存定量模型(即供应商-医院关系模型),比较实施VMI方法前后,医院、供应商以及供应链总库存成本的变化情况.通过定量比较证实,实施VMI方法可以有效降低医院及供应链总库存成本,供应商的库存成本虽有所升高,但是可以通过转移支付方法,使供应商与医院达到利益均衡点,从而降低供应链总库存成本,获得pareto均衡.