一种改进的变步长LMS算法及在车内降噪中的应用

为了提高传统最小均方(LMS)算法的收敛速度,减小稳态误差,基于Sigmoid函数,提出一种改进步长因子μ的方法。该方法通过建立步长因子μ和误差信号e之间的非线性函数关系,并利用指数函数表示误差信号e和可控参数,实现对步长因子μ进行调整。算法收敛初期步长因子μ相对较大,实现加快算法收敛速度的目的;算法收敛后期适度减小稳态阶段步长因子μ,以达到减小算法稳态误差的目的。将该算法应用于车内噪声的有源控制,并与LMS算法进行仿真比较分析。仿真结果表明,相对于传统LMS算法,该算法有效地加快了收敛速度,同时提高了系统的稳定性。     

一种新型变步长CMA盲均衡算法

针对传统固定步长CMA盲均衡算法中收敛速度和剩余误差这对矛盾,提出了一种新型变步长恒模盲均衡算法,即由瑞利分布函数实施对其步长的调节,通过调整该步长公式中的两个参数以加快收敛速度和减小剩余误差,并且在此基础上对该算法进行了改进。用4QAM信号,通过典型电话信道对固定步长的CMA算法,基于瑞利步长的CMA和改进后的CMA算法进行计算机仿真。通过对仿真出的算法收敛曲线以及输出星座图进行分析,最终得出在瑞利步长算法的基础上改进后的CMA算法克服了前两种算法的缺点,即具有收敛速度更快,剩余误差更小的优点。     

一种改进的变步长LMS自适应滤波算法

提出一种改进的变步长LMS(Least Mean Square)算法,该算法在步长参数μ与误差信号e(n)之间建立了一种非线性函数关系,并且分析了参数α,β的取值原则及对算法收敛性能的影响。该关系具有在误差e(n)接近零处缓慢变化的优点,克服了s函数变步长LMS算法在自适应稳态阶段μ(n)取值偏大的缺陷。理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明,改进算法的收敛速度和稳态误差的性能指标都有较大的提高。     

一种改进的变步长NLMS算法

针对传统NLMS使用固定步长而出现的收敛速度和稳态误差的矛盾,提出一种改进的变步长NLMS算法。该算法建立了步长与误差的函数关系,使步长随着输出误差和噪声误差的变化而动态更新,从而降低稳态误差。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与现有NLMS算法相比,改进的算法具有更快的收敛速度和更低的稳态误差。     

改进的变步长维纳系统盲源分离方法

基于非线性盲源分离的维纳系统算法中,采用固定步长导致算法的收敛速度和稳态误差之间存在矛盾,直接影响分离算法的性能。为了解决该问题,提出了基于非线性函数的变步长维纳系统盲源分离方法。该方法将更新的步长以非线性函数的形式引入到分离算法中,使得稳态时参数更新的步长尽可能小,以避免发生振荡。变步长算法在分离过程中的每次更新都会使步长自动进行合理的调整,使得收敛速度提高了53%,误差减小了45%。实验仿真表明,相对原算法,提出的维纳系统盲源分离方法可以更好地分离出信源信号,而且具有较小的误差和较快的收敛速度。     

迭代变步长LMS算法及性能分析

针对固定步长LMS(Least Mean Square)算法(FXSSLMS)不能同时满足快速收敛和小稳态失调误差的问题,该文提出了迭代变步长LMS算法(IVSSLMS)。与已有的变步长LMS算法(VSSLMS)不同,该算法的步长因子不再是由输出误差信号控制,而是建立了与迭代时间的改进Logistic函数非线性关系,克服了定步长算法收敛慢及已有变步长算法抗噪声干扰能力差的问题。最后从理论上分析了算法的性能,给出了其参数取值方法。理论分析和仿真均表明,所提算法能够在快速收敛情况下获得小的稳态失调误差,在有色噪声干扰下稳态失调误差比已有算法降低了约7 dB。     

基于变步长等变化自适应盲源分离算法

对于基于梯度自适应的盲源分离算法，认真选择步长参数以达到好的分离性能是非常必要的。如果为加快收敛速度而增大步长因子，将会导致大的稳态误差，甚至引起算法发散，因此固定步长因子无法解决收敛速度和稳态误差之间的矛盾。本文为EASI算法提出了一种变步长的解决方案。通过建立步长因子与分离矩阵相互差异之间的非线性关系，加快了收敛速度，减小了失调误差。计算机仿真结果与理论分析相一致，证实了该算法明显优于传统的EASI算法。     

一种新的变步长LMS算法

在对基本LMS算法分析的基础上,通过构造步长因子μ与误差信号e（n）之间的非线性函数,提出一种新的变步长最小均方误差（LMS）算法,并且分析了参数的取值对算法性能的影响。该算法通过调整步长参数,使权向量达到最优,有效改善了收敛速度与稳态误差的性能。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与基本LMS算法以及部分同类变步长LMS算法相比,该算法具有更快的收敛速度和更小的稳态误差,进一步验证了新算法优于这里所述其他算法。     

卫星通信中改进型变步长LMS预失真算法

针对传统多项式预失真算法解决高功率放大器非线性失真时存在收敛速度慢和稳态均方误差大的缺点,将多项式预失真应用于卫星通信系统中,提出了一种改进型变步长LMS(Improved Variable Step-Size Least Mean Square,IP-VSSLMS)算法。该算法通过利用误差信号及误差信号与输入信号的平均能量,获得了一种新的变步长因子,有效地增强了步长因子的动态调整能力,提高了收敛速度和降低了均方误差。仿真结果表明,IP-VSSLMS算法能够有效地抑制信号的星座扭曲和频谱再生,解决了高功率放大器非线性失真的问题,相比传统算法,能够获得更快的收敛速度和较小的稳态均方误差。     

基于变步长自然梯度算法的盲源分离

相比标准梯度而言,自然梯度算法以其更快的收敛速度和更好的分离性能在盲源分离中占据着重要地位。由于常用的自然梯度算法是基于固定步长的,因此无法真正解决收敛速度和稳态误差之间的矛盾。通过建立步长因子与分离矩阵相互差异之间的非线性关系,提出了一种新的自然梯度算法。由于该算法采用的步长是时变的,加快了收敛速度,减小了稳态误差,从而很好地解决了固定步长的内在矛盾。计算机仿真结果证实了理论分析,并说明了该算法明显优于通常的自然梯度算法。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks