叶片转角对小型Savonius风机气动性能的影响

Savonius风机是一种典型的垂直轴风力发电机,通过对其进行流固耦合分析,研究叶片转角对风机气动性能的影响。利用ANSYS的CFX流体模块,流体湍流模型选择基于RANS的标准k-ε湍流模型,对风轮进行流固耦合分析,从而获得叶片产生的力矩情况,并计算了风机的功率特性。利用求解结果,得到了力矩系数与叶片转角之间的关系。分析了风机叶片在旋转一周中所产生的最大扭矩以及负扭矩所处的位置和范围。通过分析转角对风机性能的影响,可为今后的Savonius风机叶片形状优化和效率提升提供参考。     

小型家用垂直轴风力发电系统的设计

本文介绍了一种小型家用垂直轴风力发电系统的设计方案。该系统针对传统萨窝纽斯形（Savonius）风机叶片的形状进行优化——扭曲叶片，对各项动力学参数进行模拟实验及计算。结果表明，这种扭曲叶片型的Savonius风力机与汽车发动机相结合可以使风能利用效率得到更好的开发。     

基于多次Bezier曲线的Savonius风力机叶片优化设计

为提高Savonius风力机效率,提出一种基于多次Bezier曲线的Savonius风力机叶片设计新方法,通过调整设计公式中4个设计参数(叶片弦长L、叶片顶点偏向控制系数k_x、叶片顶点高度控制系数k_y、叶片头部宽度控制系数k_a)来修改叶片形状;结合CFD数值模拟、正交试验、响应面法分析得到最优风轮尺寸参数及其性能特点。研究结果表明:所提出的叶片优化设计方法适用于所有Savonius风力机,优化过程直观、便捷,优化结果准确;优化后风轮的风能利用系数、扭矩系数明显提高,且风速越低,提高越明显。风速为3.0 m/s时,风轮的最大CP值增大4.2倍,最大CM值增大3.7倍,优化后的风轮更适宜在低风速下运行。     

Savonius风力机力矩特性的数值计算与风洞试验研究

利用数值计算和风洞试验相结合的方法对Savonius风力机的力矩特性进行了研究。首先在数值计算中选用了2种湍流模型,即单方程Splart-Allmaras湍流模型和双方程k-ε湍流模型,计算了Savonius风力机在不同攻角下的静力矩以及在不同转速下的输出力矩和输出功率,得到了风力机周围的流场,并对流场进行了分析;利用风洞试验对数值计算结果进行了验证,对比分析了不同湍流模型对Savonius风力机力矩特性和风轮周围流场的影响。     

Savonius型风力机结构的优化设计

对传统Savonius型垂直轴风力机各几何参量进行优化,在此基础上加入一种半自动阀门装置,得到的新型Savonius风力机,在设计风速10m／s下,对其各项空气动力学性能参数进行计算。结果表明,这种风力机具有很好的开发意义,可应用于沿海地区民宅的小型风力发电,城市公共照明及景区夜景工程的离网供电。     

某小型风机提高风能利用率的研究

为了提高Savonius小型垂直式风力机的风能利用率,采用CFD方法研究了在来风方向增加导流板对该垂直式风力机风能利用率的影响。研究中建立了数值计算模型并使用Fluent软件进行仿真分析,比较了有无导流板、不同导流板长度、不同安装角度和不同安装位置情况下叶片周围的流场分布以及叶片对转轴产生的静态力矩。仿真结果表明,增加导流板能够显著提高该型风机叶片对转轴的静态力矩;同时,导流板长度和安装角度对此是重要的影响因素;而在一定范围内,不同导流板位置对静态力矩所带来的影响可以忽略。合理安装导流板可以使得该型风机的叶片静态力矩提高20%~40%,进而提高Savonius型风机的风能利用率。     

叶片重叠比对Savonius风力机性能的影响

Savonius风力机两个叶片之间的重叠比OL (Overlap ratio)是影响其性能的最重要参数之一.为了探明OL对风力机静态起动特性与动态功率特性的影响,制作了一台可调叶片OL的Savonius风力机,将其OL设置为0,0.2和0.5三种模式,进行了风洞试验.结果表明,在3种模式中,叶片重叠比PL=0.2的风力机的静态与动态性能最佳.     

重叠比对三叶片Savonius风力机启动性能影响研究

为获得相对平稳且非负的启动力矩,针对三叶片Savonius风力机开展研究。首先对比研究两叶片和三叶片Savonius风力机的启动性能和输出功率特性。在此基础上,针对其主要的结构参数重叠比开展研究。针对三叶片的结构特点,提出重叠比和净重叠比的定义方式,设置9组不同净重叠比,范围在0～0.36（重叠比范围0.14～0.50）之间。利用数值模拟和风洞试验相结合的方法,研究在不同风速下重叠比对Savonius风力机启动力矩以及输出功率性能的影响。结果表明：净重叠比可消除反向启动力矩,并提升三叶片Savonius风力机的启动性能,平均启动力矩系数最高提升147.06%。净重叠比在0.06～0.11范围内时,对风力机的输出功率有提高作用。     

低尖速比下双转子垂直轴风力机气动性能试验研究

虽然水平轴风力发电机的技术已经发展的非常成熟,是世界上的主流风机,但在适应风机大型化、深海化的趋势方面,垂直轴风力发电机因其结构特点表现出一定优势。近年来,对于垂直轴风力机的研究日益增多,将两台相同的垂直轴风力机间隔一定距离置于一起即得到双转子垂直轴风力机。文章利用风机模拟与实际风场较接近的非定常风,通过物理模型试验对比了单转子垂直轴风力机和具有不同双转子间距的双转子垂直轴风力机在不同风速下同一转子的扭矩、转速与轴功率,证实了双转子垂直轴风力机的增益效果,并探讨了风速及两转子间距对风机性能及增益效果的影响。试验结果表明,风速越大、两转子间距越小,双转子垂直轴风力机的增益效果越显著。     

直径比对组合型垂直轴风力机气动特性影响仿真计算

与Savonius风轮组合使用是解决直线翼垂直轴风力机启动性不佳的主要手段。Savonius风轮与直线翼垂直轴风力机直径的比值(简称直径比),是影响组合型垂直轴风力机性能的重要因素。为了研究直径比对组合型垂直轴风力机气动特性的影响,对直径比分别为0.25,0.33,0.5的组合型风力机以及直线翼垂直轴风力机进行仿真计算。计算基于二维定常不可压缩流体的方程,采用标准模型,计算风速为12 m/s。计算包括直线翼垂直轴风力机及3种直径比的组合型风力机的动态输出力矩,同时,对动态输出力矩最优的组合型风力机与直线翼垂直轴风力机的静态启动力矩进行计算与分析。结果表明,组合型垂直轴风力机的最佳直径比为0.5,此时组合型风力机的最大风能利用系数相对于直线翼垂直轴风力机提高了7.1%,平均启动力矩提高了约2倍。     

An experimental investigation of a class of resistance-type,direction-independent wind turbines

The resistance-type, direction-independent wind turbine is suitable for the generation of power on a small scale in developing countries. So far, all work on this class of wind turbine seems to be restricted to the Savonius rotor. The present paper reports the findings of an experimental investigation of an entire class of wind turbines which includes the conventional Savonius rotor. The influence of four rotor-geometry parameters (i.e. number of blades, blade angle, blade location and angle of setting of the blade) is studied and discussed on the basis of two performance criteria (i.e. turbine efficiency and performance on the basis of blade area). The existence of optimum, design parameters is established and the possibility of improving substantially on the performance of the Savonius rotor is demonstrated. Some possible applications of the present class of turbines are briefly commented on.     

Comparative study of a three-bucket Savonius rotor with a combined three-bucket Savonius–three-bladed Darrieus rotor

The vertical axis wind turbines are simple in construction, self-starting, inexpensive and can accept wind from any direction without orientation. A combined Savonius–Darrieus type vertical axis wind rotor has got many advantages over individual Savonius or individual Darrieus wind rotor, such as better efficiency than Savonius rotor and high starting torque than Darrieus rotor. But works on the combined Savonius–Darrieus wind rotor are very scare. In view of the above, two types of models, one simple Savonius and the other combined Savonius–Darrieus wind rotors were designed and fabricated. The Savonius rotor was a three-bucket system having provisions for overlap variations. The Savonius–Darrieus rotor was a combination of three-bucket Savonius and three-bladed Darrieus rotors with the Savonius placed on top of the Darrieus rotor. The overlap variation was made in the upper part, i.e. the Savonius rotor only. These were tested in a subsonic wind tunnel available in the department. The various parameters namely, power coefficients and torque coefficients were calculated for both overlap and without overlap conditions. From the present investigation, it is seen that with the increase of overlap, the power coefficients start decreasing. The maximum power coefficient of 51% is obtained at no overlap condition. However, while comparing the power coefficients (C_p) for simple Savonius-rotor with that of the combined configuration of Savonius–Darrieus rotor, it is observed that there is a definite improvement in the power coefficient for the combined Savonius–Darrieus rotor without overlap condition. Combined rotor without overlap condition provided an efficiency of 0.51, which is higher than the efficiency of the Savonius rotor at any overlap positions under the same test conditions.     

Optimization of Savonius turbines using an obstacle shielding the returning blade

Due to the worldwide energy crisis, research and development activities in the field of renewable energy have been considerably increased in many countries. In Germany, wind energy is becoming particularly important. Although considerable progress has already been achieved, the available technical design is not yet adequate to develop reliable wind energy converters for conditions corresponding to low wind speeds and urban areas. The Savonius turbine appears to be particularly promising for such conditions, but suffers from a poor efficiency. The present study considers a considerably improved design in order to increase the output power of a Savonius turbine with either two or three blades. In addition, the improved design leads to a better self-starting capability. To achieve these objectives, the position of an obstacle shielding the returning blade of the Savonius turbine and possibly leading to a better flow orientation toward the advancing blade is optimized. This automatic optimization is carried out by coupling an in-house optimization library (OPAL) with an industrial flow simulation code (ANSYS-Fluent). The optimization process takes into account the output power coefficient as target function, considers the position and the angle of the shield as optimization parameters, and relies on Evolutionary Algorithms. A considerable improvement of the performance of Savonius turbines can be obtained in this manner, in particular a relative increase of the power output coefficient by more than 27%. It is furthermore demonstrated that the optimized configuration involving a two-blade rotor is better than the three-blade design.     

Innovative improvement of a drag wind turbine performance

Drag type wind turbines have strong potential in small and medium power applications due to their simple design. However, a major disadvantage of this design is the noticeable low conversion efficiency. Therefore, more research is required to improve the efficiency of this design. The present work introduces a novel design of a three-rotor Savonius turbine with rotors arranged in a triangular pattern. The performance of the new design is assessed by computational modeling of the flow around the three rotors. The 2D computational model is firstly applied to investigate the performance of a single rotor design to validate the model by comparison with experimental measurements. The model introduced an acceptable accuracy compared to the experimental measurements. The performance of the new design is then investigated using the same model. The results indicated that the new design performance has higher power coefficient compared with single rotor design. The peak power coefficient of the three rotor turbine is 44% higher than that of the single rotor design (relative increase). The improved performance is attributed to the favorable interaction between the rotors which accelerates the flow approaching the downstream rotors and generates higher turning moment in the direction of rotation of each rotor.     

Performance investigation of a small Savonius-Darrius counter-rotating vertical-axis wind turbine

This paper describes the study of a small vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) with a combined design of Darrius and Savonius counter-rotating rotors. The main purpose of this study is to improve the extraction capabilities of a single-rotor VAWT by using two distinct rotor designs while adopting the counter-rotating technique. Given that the conversion capabilities and operational speed of the existing wind turbines are still limited, the current technique is used to enhance the efficiency and expand the operating wind speed range of the VAWT. The Darrius and Savonius counter-rotating rotors were exposed to a similar upstream wind speed using a centrifugal blower. It was found that the Savonius-Darrius counter-rotating rotor was able to operate effectively, particularly at the low-speed wind. By looking at the individual performance of the rotors, it was observed that the conversion efficiency of the H-type rotor increases as the wind speed increases. However, in the case of the S-type rotor, it is higher at lower wind speed and tends to decrease as the operating speed increases. Thus, the maximum efficiency of the S-type rotor was achieved at low speed, whereas the H-type rotor has achieved its maximum efficiency at the highest operating wind speed. The average efficiency of the present Savonius-Darrius counter-rotating rotor has been improved to reach almost 42% and 30% more efficiency in terms of torque and power, respectively.     

Unsteady Aerodynamics of a Savonius wind rotor: a new computational approach for the simulation of energy performance

When compared with of other wind turbine the Savonius wind rotor offers lower performance in terms of power coefficient, on the other hand it offers a number of advantages as it is extremely simple to built, it is self-starting and it has no need to be oriented in the wind direction. Although it is well suited to be integrated in urban environment as mini or micro wind turbine it is inappropriate when high power is requested. For this reason several studies have been carried-out in recent years in order to improve its aerodynamic performance. The aim of this research is to gain an insight into the complex flow field developing around a Savonius wind rotor and to evaluate its performance. A mathematical model of the interaction between the flow field and the rotor blades was developed and validated by comparing its results with data obtained at Environmental Wind Tunnel (EWT) laboratory of the “Polytechnic University of Marche”.     

S型风力机气动设计

概述S型风力机的工作原理以及优缺点。系统分析了影响S型风轮气动性能的外形参数,总结出S型风力机达到最优气动性能时的外形参数。以最优外形参数为基础设计完成额定功率为300W的S型风力机的气动外形,所得结果可以同类型风力机的设计提供理论指导。     

A review on the performance of Savonius wind turbines

This paper presents a review on the performance of Savonius wind turbines. This type of turbine is unusual and its application for obtaining useful energy from air stream is an alternative to the use of conventional wind turbines. Simple construction, high start up and full operation moment, wind acceptance from any direction, low noise and angular velocity in operation, reducing wear on moving parts, are some advantages of using this type of machine. Over the years, numerous adaptations for this device were proposed. The variety of possible configurations of the rotor is another advantage in using such machine. Each different arrangement of Savonius rotor affects its performance. Savonius rotor performance is affected by operational conditions, geometric and air flow parameters. The range of reported values for maximum averaged power coefficient includes values around 0.05–0.30 for most settings. Performance gains of up to 50% for tip speed ratio of maximum averaged power coefficient are also reported with the use of stators. Present article aims to gather relevant information about Savonius turbines, bringing a discussion about their performance. It is intended to provide useful knowledge for future studies.     

阻力型垂直轴风力机导风帘的优化设计

以输出功率100W的阻力型垂直轴型风力机为例,通过优化设计找寻最佳的叶片数目、高径比和折叠率等几何参量,然后加入导风帘装置,给出一个最佳结构方案。运用Fluent求解器中的有限体积法对无导风帘和三种不同长度导风帘设计的叶片周围的流场进行模拟。模拟与最佳优化方式的性能参数的计算结果表明,采用长导风帘设计的阻力型垂直轴风力机具有最好的动力学性能,可以提高运行效率。