生物丁醇精馏工艺中醪塔的模拟与优化

以提高生物丁醇精馏工艺中醪塔塔顶丁醇质量分数为目的,采用Aspen plus流程模拟软件考察了醪塔理论塔板数、进料板位置、回流比对塔顶丁醇质量分数的影响。通过模拟发现随着醪塔理论塔板数的增加,塔顶馏出物中丁醇质量分数迅速增加。随着醪塔进料板位置的提高,塔顶馏出物中丁醇质量分数先增加,随后下降。随着醪塔质量回流比的下降,塔顶丁醇质量分数逐渐下降。醪塔较优的操作条件为:理论塔板数40块,第20块塔板进料,回流比为1,此时塔顶丁醇质量分数为50%。本文的模拟结果与文献和实际运行工况相吻合。     

离子液体催化反应精馏合成乙酸乙酯工艺模拟

为研究离子液体在反应精馏中的作用,采用离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐（[BMIM]HSO₄）作为催化剂,对乙酸和乙醇合成乙酸乙酯的反应精馏流程进行了计算模拟。在确定了参数的酯化反应动力学的基础上,用Aspen Plus软件建立了反应精馏流程,研究了催化剂用量、精馏段理论板数、反应段理论板数、乙醇进料位置、进料摩尔比、持液量及回流比等参数对反应精馏过程的影响。研究结果表明,塔顶乙酸乙酯的质量分数随催化剂用量、精馏段理论板数、反应段理论板数和持液量增大而增大,工艺流程存在最佳回流比以及最佳进料酸醇摩尔比。得到的优化条件如下：离子液体与乙酸摩尔比为1：2.5,进料酸醇摩尔比为4：1,理论塔板数为21块,乙酸和催化剂在第7块理论塔板进料,乙醇在第19块理论塔板进料,塔板持液量0.1L,回流比为4,塔顶乙酸乙酯的质量分数可以达到98.73%。     

板式塔连续精馏实验影响因素测定

采用乙醇-正丙醇物系进行实验,通过改变回流比、进料液流速这两个条件,观察分析分离效果,总结出连续精馏实验影响因素以及实验室连续精馏的最佳操作条件。随回流比的增大,塔顶馏分的浓度的变化关系是先增大再降低。随进料液流速的增大。塔顶馏分的浓度变化是逐步增大,增大到一定值就基本维持平稳不变。最佳操作条件：回流比R=4：进料液流速51／h。在此操作条件下乙醇正丙醇的分离效果最佳。     

超重力精馏过程传热传质机理研究

以波纹丝网为填料,以立式逆流超重力装置为主要设备,应用热量传递与质量传递理论,建立了超重力精馏装置内气、液温度分布的数学模型;以转子内半径29 mm、外半径63 mm、轴向高度32mm、内置直径1.6 mm、空隙率0.85、比表面积1 750 m2/m3的波纹丝网为填料的超重力装置为精馏设备,以乙醇-水为物系,在常压、室温进料、原料流量20 L/h、原料乙醇质量分数20%、转速800 r/min-1、回流比为1的操作条件下,对模型进行了检验。精馏段气相温度的实测值与模型计算值的偏差为1.41%,提馏段外半径的实测值与模型计算值的偏差为3.87%。     

减压间歇精馏回收实验室废液中甲苯的研究

采用减压间歇精馏技术从组成为甲苯/乙醇/水三元共沸体系的实验室废液中回收甲苯,考察了操作压力、精馏时间、回流比和乙醇/水质量比等参数对减压间歇精馏过程的影响,得出了较佳的回收条件:操作压力为30.4 k Pa,前馏分段回流比为5,产品段回流比为7,产品中甲苯质量分数大于99.5%,单程甲苯回收率大于70%。     

催化精馏合成乙酸乙酯

以乙酸、乙醇为原料,阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,在自制精馏塔内催化精馏酯化合成乙酸乙酯.以捆扎包作为催化剂装填方式,并考察了催化剂布包材料、乙醇进料位置、空速、回流比、进料酸醇物质的量之比对乙醇转化率和塔顶产品中乙酸乙酯含量的影响.结果表明,合适的条件为催化剂布包采用尼龙布材料,乙醇进料位置在催化段底部,空速为0.213 h-1,进料酸醇物质的量之比3:1,回流比1.0.该工艺条件下,乙醇转化率为97.16%,塔顶乙酸乙酯的质量分数为95.44%.     

旋转填料床间歇精馏恒回流比操作性能研究

为寻找强化间歇精馏过程的有效途径,在三角形螺旋填料旋转床中,以乙醇-水为实验物系,进行间歇精馏恒回流比操作性能研究。通过改变转速n、回流比R和进料质量分数wF,考察产品纯度和回收率的变化规律。研究结果表明:产品纯度wD和回收率η均随n增加先增大,后减小,即存在最佳转速nopt;随R的增大缓慢增大;产品纯度随wF的增加而增大,回收率η随wF的增加先增大后减小。在旋转填料床中的间歇精馏应在较小回流比和最佳转速条件下操作,且适合处理较高质量分数的原料。     

萃取精馏和变压精馏分离苯-乙醇的模拟研究

采用Aspen Plus化工流程模拟软件，通过NRTL热力学模型，分别进行苯和乙醇混合物的萃取精馏和变压精馏分离模拟研究。萃取精馏采用丙三醇为萃取剂，萃取精馏塔以33为理论塔板数、28为混合物进料位置、2为萃取剂进料位置、1.1为回流比、3.0为溶剂比(萃取剂用量与混合物进料量比值);溶剂回收塔以5为理论塔板数、3为进料位置、1.0为回流比时，分离得到苯和乙醇的质量分数均为99.62%。变压精馏由常压塔(101.325 kPa)和高压塔(520 kPa)串联而成，常压塔以18为理论塔板数、8为进料位置、3.0为回流比；高压塔以16为理论塔板数、10为进料位置、3.0为回流比时，可得到乙醇和苯质量分数分别为99.52%和99.01%。     

单(2-羟乙基)铵甲酸盐离子液体用于乙醇水溶液萃取精馏的过程模拟

利用Aspen Plus模拟软件,模拟研究了由乙醇质量分数为95%的工业酒精通过常压萃取精馏制取无水乙醇的工艺过程,并对单(2-羟乙基)铵甲酸盐离子液体和乙二醇传统萃取剂的分离性能进行了比较分析。考察了原料和萃取剂的进料位置、萃取剂用量、回流比等参数对分离效果的影响,获得了优化的操作条件,即精馏塔塔板数28,原料进料板为第17块,萃取剂进料板为第2块,溶剂比为0.6,摩尔回流比为1.6。在优化操作条件下,塔顶产品中乙醇的质量分数可达99.98%,与乙二醇为萃取剂的传统萃取精馏过程相比,再沸器热负荷降低28%,具有明显的节能效果。     

从四氢呋喃、乙醇和水混合液中提取四氢呋喃和乙醇的研究

建立精制四氢呋喃和提纯乙醇的方法,采用Aspen Plus模拟软件对萃取精馏精制四氢呋喃和连续精馏提纯乙醇的工艺进行模拟计算,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为萃取剂,考察相关因素对分离效果的影响,如塔板数、回流比、溶剂比、原料进料位置、萃取剂进料位置、塔顶出料比等,并通过正交试验对工艺条件进行优化设计,确定最佳操作参数。在优化条件下,萃取精馏塔塔顶馏分中四氢呋喃含量达到99.61%,连续精馏塔塔顶乙醇含量为90.24%、收率为99.99%。     

螺带型搅拌槽内异物性液体的混合性能

针对高固含量木质纤维素同步糖化与发酵生产燃料乙醇过程,研究了螺带型搅拌槽内层流流动条件下少量低粘低密度液体(a)加入大量高粘高密度主体液体(b)中的混合性能,考察了转速、两种液体体积比(Va/Vb)、粘度比(mb/ma)、密度差等影响因素. 结果表明,当Va/Vb>1%时,异物性物系混合时间远高于相同物性液体混合时间,可延长2~5倍;Va/Vb对混合时间影响最显著,Va/Vb=0.2%~3.7%范围内,无量纲混合时间Ntm随体积比增大先降低后升高存在一最小值;当Va/Vb≥2%,单位主体液体密度之差Dr/rb>0.2时,Ntm随着Va/Vb, Dr/rb增加线性增大;Ntm随着mb/ma增大而减小;加入相加在主体液体内所得混合时间比加在液体表面时短;Va/Vb>2%时,混合工况可分为Re数控制区(桨叶控制)及Ri数控制区(重力控制).     

Experimental investigation on solid dispersion,power consumption and scale-up in moderate to dense solid–liquid suspensions

Detailed particle concentration distribution in dense solid–liquid suspension was measured by means of fiber optic probes. The effect of solid loading, impeller speed, and impeller type and clearance was investigated. Results were compared with modeling approaches to show the accuracy of sedimentation–dispersion model and its capability to describe complex phenomena taking place in dense liquid–solid mixing systems. Variation of power numbers by changing impeller clearance and solid loading were also investigated. It was shown that the impeller power number for a slurry system exhibited different trends in a moderate or dense liquid–solid system. In addition, scale-up rules to achieve the same level of homogeneity on a large scale as the laboratory scale were evaluated.     

2,3-丁二醇分离纯化中反应精馏的实验和模拟

对反应萃取-水解精馏法分离发酵液中2,3-丁二醇工艺中的水解精馏进行了实验和模拟研究。实验验证了4,5-二甲基-2-丙基-1,3-二氧戊环(DPD)水解精馏得到2,3-丁二醇的可行性。采用Aspen Plus建立反应精馏模型,以UNIFAC为热力学方程,RadFrac为反应精馏模块,对常压下DPD的水解精馏进行模拟,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。以2,3-丁二醇的收率为主要优化目标,考察最佳塔板数、进料位置、进料比、回流比和塔顶馏出比。模拟结果表明,在最佳操作条件下,塔釜2,3-丁二醇的收率为0.981,摩尔分率为0.150。     

Fluid dynamics and mixing of single-phase flow in a stirred vessel with a grid disc impeller: Experimental and numerical investigations

We report experimental and numerical investigations of a novel grid disc impeller for mixing of single-phase flow in stirred vessels. We performed detailed mean velocity measurements using LDA to understand the flow generated by the grid disc impeller and we also measured the mixing time and power consumption of the grid disc impeller. Measurements showed that the performance of the grid disc impeller, which has radial flow characteristics, is equivalent to a standard propeller in terms of the degree of mixing achieved per unit power consumption. We also performed numerical simulations to predict the flow generated by the grid disc impeller and its mixing performance. It was shown that the present computational model predicts the mean velocities, power consumption and mixing time in good agreement with the measurements. The experimentally validated computational model was further used to understand the effects of impeller rotational speed and grid disc configuration on the fluid dynamics and mixing performance of the grid disc impeller.     

Mixing of Oil in Water Through Electrical Resistance Tomography and Response Surface Methodology

The mixing performance of the oil‐in‐water dispersion system was evaluated. Using an electrical resistance tomography system composed of two measuring planes, the effect of parameters such as impeller type, impeller speed, oil type, and oil volume fraction on the mixing performance through axial mixing indices were explored. The oil type and the oil volume fraction were identified as the most influential factors on the mixing index. Castor oil, with the highest viscosity of the tested oils, was found as the most difficult oil to disperse. The Scaba impeller was the most efficient impeller in dispersing oil in water. The interactions between oil type and impeller type as well as between impeller speed and oil type, had the greatest impact on the mixing index.     

浆料催化精馏制备甲缩醛

研究了以甲醇和甲醛为原料,以大孔径强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,通过浆料催化精馏工艺制备甲缩醛的可行性。考察了催化剂含量、进料醇醛比、进料总流量和回流比等因素对该过程的影响。在选定的试验条件下,甲缩醛收率可达89%以上,塔顶甲缩醛的质量分数可达0.99以上。结果表明,该工艺用于制备甲缩醛是可行的。     

组合螺带桨搅拌槽内粉体的混合性能

在直径0.48 m的立式搅拌槽内研究了4种组合式螺带搅拌桨的粉体混合性能,考察了搅拌转速、粉体物料装填高度和搅拌桨型对粉体混合性能的影响,分析了径向与轴向上的粉体混合情况. 结果表明,搅拌转速是影响粉体混合的重要因素,增加搅拌转速能明显缩短混合时间,转速44.0 r/min时的混合因子π3比转速8.7及26.5 r/min时下降50%及30%以上;在搅拌桨内部附加较小的内桨使功率略有增加,但可显著缩短混合时间,转速44.0 r/min时能使π3下降50%,提高混合效率.     

基于乙醇压缩的超重力热泵精馏热集成系统性能分析

将超重力精馏塔、单螺杆压缩机与新型热泵工艺技术创新性地相结合,提出超重力热泵精馏的概念。设计并搭建一套处理量为300 kg·h^-1的超重力热泵精馏热集成系统。以乙醇-水溶液为研究对象,使用单螺杆压缩机直接压缩乙醇蒸气。通过对超重力精馏塔不同转动频率的全回流实验和工业条件下系统的不同进料位置、不同回流比实验的研究,综合分析系统各影响参数的变化情况、节能特性和经济效益。结果表明,f_HG在40 Hz下运转时系统性能最佳;进料位置下移或增加回流比,都可提高y_D;如果仅从y_D值大小考虑,F_L03位置最佳;相比于低浓度乙醇-水溶液,处理高浓度优势更大;系统节能及经济效益显著,可为超重力热泵精馏在乙醇精馏的工艺流程选择、设计和应用方面提供理论指导。     

逆向蒸馏

采用严格模拟法对多组分蒸馏过程进行了研究。给出了产生逆向蒸馏的3个主要原因,即进料位置不当、进料中关键组分摩尔分数过低以及实际回流比(摩尔比)接近最小回流比。分析了逆向蒸馏的弊端,如进料位置不当所引起的逆向蒸馏,使冷凝器和再沸器能耗分别增加12.76%和12.19%,总计能耗增加达24.95%。提出了避免逆向蒸馏的方法。蒸馏塔设计需分析有无逆向蒸馏现象,逆向蒸馏应予以消除,同时还需进行参数优化,包括塔板数、进料位置、回流比等。而简化法计算结果过于粗糙,只能作为参考而不能作为最终设计的依据。     

MIXING CHARACTERISTICS IN SLURRY STIRRED TANK REACTORS WITH MULTIPLE IMPELLERS

Hydrodynamic parameters such as power consumption, gas holdup, critical impeller speed for solid suspension and mixing time were measured in slurry stirred tank reactors with multiple impellers. The experiments were mainly conducted in a stirred tank of 0.2mi.d. with baffles. It contained two four-pitched blade downflow turbines for gas dispersion and one Pfaudler type impeller for solid suspension. As a part of scaling studies, additional experiments were also carried out in a larger stirred tank reactor (0,8m i.d.) geometrically similar to the smaller one. Glass beads and polymeric particles were used as a solid phase. Solid concentration was in the range of 0-20% (K/K). Tap water and methanol were used as a liquid phase

The power consumption decreased due to an introduction of gas and the presence of solids caused a decrease in the extent of reduction in power consumption. A correlation for power consumption in aerated slurry systems was proposed, It was found that the presence of solids is responsible for a decrease in gas holdup. A new correlation for gas holdup in gas-liquid-solid three-phase stirred tank reactors was developed. It fit the present experimental data reasonably. The critical impeller speed for solid suspensions increased with increasing gas flow rate. However, its increase was rather smaller as compared with the predictions of the correlations available in the literature. We proposed a correlation of the critical impeller speed for solid suspension in the presence of gas. The mixing time complicatedly increased or decreased depending on gas flow rate, impeller speed, solids type and concentration.