复方大豆异黄酮钙软胶囊对大鼠骨密度的影响

目的：探讨复方大豆异黄酮钙软胶囊对去卵巢大鼠骨密度的影响。方法：将16周龄的雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术对照组、去卵巢对照组和去卵巢低、中、高剂量共5组,其中3个剂量组每天分别给予复方大豆异黄酮钙软胶囊0.1、0.2、0.6g/kg·bw,连续灌胃12周后,检测各组大鼠的骨密度和骨钙含量。结果：复方大豆异黄酮钙软胶囊低、高剂量组大鼠股骨中点骨密度值显著高于去卵巢对照组（P〈0.05）;复方大豆异黄酮钙软胶囊中、高剂量组大鼠股骨远心端骨密度和股骨钙含量显著高于去卵巢对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：复方大豆异黄酮钙软胶囊具有增加去卵巢大鼠骨密度的功能。     

牦牛骨粉对大鼠骨钙、骨密度及骨钙吸收率影响的研究

目的:研究牦牛骨粉钙吸收率及对大鼠骨钙、骨密度的影响。方法:清洁级雌性SD大鼠,70只,随机分为7组,即低钙对照组(饲料中含钙量为1180mg/kg),牦牛骨粉高、中、低三个剂量组(相当于人体推荐摄入量的5、10、20倍),实测值饲料中含钙量为1437、1852、2778mg/kg,另设与样品对照组剂量相对应的三个碳酸钙对照组。于实验第4w末进行三天的钙代谢试验。整个喂养时间为12w,实验结束日,测右侧股骨长度,干重,骨钙含量及骨密度。结果:牦牛骨粉10、20倍剂量组股骨钙含量、股骨骨密度高于低钙对照组,5、20倍剂量组钙表观吸收率高于相应剂量的碳酸钙对照组(p<0.05)。结论:牦牛骨粉不仅有增加骨密度功能,并具有较高的钙表观吸收率。     

强化大豆异黄酮的营养蛋白粉对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的预防作用

目的:探讨强化大豆异黄酮的营养蛋白粉对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的预防作用.方法:运用切除大鼠卵巢的方法建立骨质疏松症模型,50只大鼠随机分为 5 组.假性手术对照组(Sham),去卵巢酪蛋白对照组(Ovx),未强化大豆异黄酮组(O-SI),中剂量大豆异黄酮组(M-SI),高剂量大豆异黄酮组(H-SI).喂养 14 d 后,处死大鼠取血并分离股骨,测定骨密度(BMD)、骨钙、骨磷,并检测实验大鼠血清骨钙素(BGP)含量及血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(StrACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性.结果:强化大豆异黄酮的营养蛋白粉明显增加去卵巢大鼠的骨密度(P<0.01),骨钙(P<0.01),骨磷(P<0.01),并且可明显降低骨钙素含量(P<0.01)、及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶活性,增加血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.01).结论:强化大豆异黄酮的营养蛋白粉对绝经后骨质疏松症具有明显的预防作用.     

酶解骨钙粉细粉与普通酶解骨钙粉增加骨密度功能比较

目的:分析比较酶解骨钙粉细粉与普通酶解骨钙粉增加大鼠骨密度功能和对钙吸收率的影响。方法:SPF级4周龄雌性SD大鼠100只,随机分为10组,即酶解骨钙粉细粉和普通酶解骨钙粉低、中、高剂量组,相应剂量碳酸钙对照组(低、中、高剂量组饲料钙含量分别为216.7、283.3、550.0mg/100g),以及低钙对照组(饲料钙含量为150mg/100g)。喂养13周,检测钙表观吸收率、骨钙含量、骨密度、骨长和骨恒质量。结果:酶解骨钙粉细粉组股骨骨密度明显高于低钙对照组且不低于相应剂量碳酸钙对照组(P>0.05);普通酶解骨钙粉组股骨三点骨密度均明显高于低钙对照组,但低剂量组股骨钙含量和远心端股骨密度均低于碳酸钙对照组(P<0.05)。酶解骨钙粉细粉和普通酶解骨钙粉相应剂量组的钙表观吸收率、骨钙含量、骨密度、骨长、总食物利用率和喂养13周时的体质量均无明显差异(P>0.05);酶解骨钙粉细粉中剂量组骨恒质量高于普通酶解骨钙粉中剂量组(P<0.05)。结论:酶解骨钙粉细粉具有增加骨密度的作用,不能判定普通酶解骨钙粉具有增加骨密度的作用。酶解骨钙粉细粉在增加骨密度功能方面优于普通酶解骨钙粉。     

红三叶草异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠血脂及骨量的影响

目的:研究红三叶草异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠血脂及骨量的影响。方法:将体质量250±10g雌性大鼠随机分为5组:假手术组(灌胃蒸馏水)、模型组(灌胃蒸馏水)、雌激素组(乙烯雌酚)、红三叶草异黄酮处理组(高、低剂量)。除假手术组外,其他各组均切除双侧卵巢,假手术组行相同手术操作,但不切除卵巢。各组动物均在相同的环境中饲养,自由摄食和饮水,造模1周后开始喂药。实验8周后对大鼠双股骨骨密度和骨矿含量进行检测,心脏取血测定血脂并计算动脉粥样硬化指数。结果:与模型组比较,红三叶草异黄酮高剂量组能够增加去卵巢大鼠骨密度、骨矿含量;随红三叶草异黄酮剂量的增加大鼠血清HDL-胆固醇有升高趋势,并有降低总胆固醇、甘油三脂、LDL-胆固醇和AI的作用。结论:红三叶草异黄酮不仅可以维持去卵巢大鼠骨密度,而且具有调节血脂的功能,对骨和心血管系统具有良好的保护作用。     

酪蛋白磷酸肽和维生素C联用对大鼠骨骼的影响

探讨酪蛋白磷酸肽和维生素C联合应用对大鼠骨密度的影响。方法 将Wistar雄性大鼠按体重随机分为5组,分别设立0.3、0.6、1.8 g/kg BW三个剂量组及碳酸钙对照组和低钙对照组。各组均饲喂低钙基础饲料,剂量组灌胃强化了酪蛋白磷酸肽和维生素C的高效补钙胶囊样品1次/d;碳酸钙对照组灌胃522.5 mg/kg BW碳酸钙(含钙量与1.8 g/kg BW剂量组相同)1次/d;低钙对照组以等体积的去离子水灌胃。连续给予3个月后测试增加骨密度等各项指标。结果 经口给予大鼠不同剂量的高效补钙胶囊,1.8 g/kg BW剂量组能明显提高大鼠的骨钙含量,增加股骨中点骨密度;0.6、1.8 g/kg BW剂量组能增加股骨远心端骨密度;且各组股骨重量不低于碳酸钙对照组。结论 酪蛋白磷酸肽和维生素C联合应用可有效增加大鼠的骨密度。     

双蛋白对大鼠骨密度的影响

为探究乳清蛋白与大豆蛋白复配的双蛋白对大鼠骨密度的影响,采用去除卵巢建立骨密度低下大鼠模型,分为假手术组、模型组、双蛋白组（10 g/kg）、阳性对照组（0.2 mg/kg）、碳酸钙对照组（1.3 g/kg）。连续灌胃90 d后,处死动物分离股骨,原子吸收分光光度计测定骨钙含量,骨密度仪测定骨密度。结果表明,与假手术组比,模型组骨密度极显著降低（P<0.01）,骨钙含量显著降低（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,双蛋白组中点骨密度显著提高（P<0.05）,远心端骨密度极显著提高（P<0.01）,股骨大体观察可见明显改善;阳性对照组骨密度及骨钙含量极显著提高（P<0.01）;碳酸钙对照组远心端骨密度极显著提高（P<0.01）。双蛋白具有提高去卵巢大鼠骨密度的作用。     

大豆异黄酮和牛初乳复合制剂对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的改善及抗氧化作用

目的:研究大豆异黄酮和牛初乳复合制剂(复合制剂)对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的改善和抗氧化作用。方法:首先采用生化分析方法测定复合制剂活性氧清除活性,然后取50只去卵巢SD大鼠,随机分为5组:假手术组、去卵巢组、去卵巢加复合制剂低剂量组(117 mg/kg)、去卵巢加复合制剂中剂量组(233 mg/kg)、去卵巢加复合制剂高剂量组(467 mg/kg),连续灌胃给予复合制剂90 d后,测定股骨骨密度及骨Ca含量,测定血清AKP活力和血清Ca、P、Zn含量及血脂水平,分析血液和组织SOD活性及MDA含量。结果:复合制剂清除超氧自由基、羟自由基和H₂O₂的EC₅₀值分别为479.7、1592.3、115.3 μg/mL。与去卵巢组相比,给予复合制剂后,中、高剂量组股骨Ca含量、股骨中点及远心端骨密度明显提高,差异有显著性(p<0.05)。复合制剂能显著提高血清Ca、Zn和HDL-C水平,降低AKP活力和TC水平(p<0.05或p<0.01)。与去卵巢组比,高剂量组能显著提高血液、肝、肾和脾SOD活性(p<0.05或p<0.01),中剂量组能显著提高血液、肾SOD活性(p<0.05);中剂量组能显著降低血液、肝、脾MDA含量(p<0.05),高剂量组能显著降低肝、肾MDA含量(p<0.05)。结论:复合制剂能清除活性氧,预防去卵巢大鼠骨丢失,增加骨密度,增强体内抗氧化能力,对骨质疏松症有较好改善作用。     

蛋清肽- 钙配合物体内促钙吸收作用研究

目的：为了考察蛋清肽-钙配合物(EWP-Ca)在动物体内的补钙效果。方法：将60只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为6组：普通组、缺钙模型组、CaCO3组以及低、中、高剂量EWP-Ca组,通过构造缺钙大鼠模型,进行了为期30d的补钙实验,实验结束后对各种与补钙相关的指标进行测定。结果：与缺钙模型组相比,高剂量EWP-Ca组(Ca剂量为106.4mg/(kg ·d))能极显著增加大鼠股骨直径、干质量、骨钙含量及股骨密度(P＜0.01),极显著降低血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力(P＜0.01);与钙含量相同的CaCO3组相比,EWP-Ca高剂量组股骨直径、骨钙含量极显著和显著增加(P＜0.01,P＜0.05)。结论：EWP-Ca具有体内促进钙吸收作用,且效果优于钙含量相同的CaCO3。     

马鹿骨胶囊增加骨密度性能及安全性评价

为了测定马鹿骨胶囊增加骨密度的性能及其安全性,本试验将大鼠分为假手术组、模型对照组(卵巢切除模型)、高剂量碳酸钙组以及马鹿骨胶囊不同剂量的三个组(200、400和1200 mg/kg·bw)连续灌胃90 d,试验后测定大鼠左股骨骨密度和右股骨骨钙含量,以评价马鹿骨胶囊增加骨密度的性能。其次,以15 g/kg·bw剂量的马鹿骨胶囊进行大鼠急性毒性试验,并开展遗传毒性试验和大鼠4周喂养试验以测定马鹿骨胶囊的安全性。试验结果显示,马鹿骨胶囊三个剂量组的体重与模型对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。马鹿骨胶囊三个剂量组的左股骨骨密度分别为0.6651、0.6560、0.6605 g/cm³,显著高于模型对照组0.6307 g/cm³(P<0.05)。安全性评价结果表明,马鹿骨胶囊对大鼠的急性经口MTD大于15 g/kg·bw,判定为无毒级别。遗传毒性试验均为阴性结果。大鼠4周喂养试验中,健康状况、生化和血液学指标及器官组织形态均未见异常变化。综上所述,马鹿骨胶囊具有增加骨密度的功能且安全性良好。     

鲫鱼皮胶原肽对小鼠的促钙吸收作用

目的：研究胶原肽（collagen peptides,CPs）对小鼠的促钙吸收作用。方法：采用小鼠低钙膳食模型法, 以昆明雄性小鼠为实验动物,设置正常组、低钙模型组、碳酸钙组、CPs低剂量（500 mg/kg mb＋CaCO3）、高剂量 （1 000 mg/kg mb＋CaCO3）组、酪蛋白磷酸肽对照组,连续灌胃6 周,考察小鼠血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase,ALP）活力、钙吸收率、各项骨指标及骨微观结构、骨小梁形态变化。结果：CPs低、高剂量组小 鼠的ALP活力显著低于低钙模型组（P＜0.05）,其骨长度、干质量指数、骨钙含量、骨矿物密度（bone mineral density,BMD）、骨矿物含量（bone mineral content,BMC）均显著高于低钙模型组（P＜0.05）,CPs低剂量 组可使喂食低钙饲料的小鼠的各项指标达到正常组小鼠的水平。CPs低剂量组小鼠的ALP活力显著低于碳酸钙组 （P＜0.05）,其骨钙含量、BMD、BMC均显著高于碳酸钙组（P＜0.05）,提示补充碳酸钙的同时补充CPs,其促钙吸 收效果更好。结论：CPs可提高小鼠钙吸收率,增加骨小梁数目及强度,促进骨骼生长,从而能有效促进钙的吸收。     

Protective effects of bovine colostrum acid proteins on bone loss of ovariectomized rats and the ingredients identification

Scope: Milk basic proteins and bovine colostrum extracts have preventive effects on osteoporosis. However, the effects of bovine colostrum acidic proteins (BCAP) on properties of bone have not been reported. This study investigated the effect of BCAP on the prevention of bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods and results: Forty‐eight 3‐month old female Sprague–Dawley rats were OVX and another 12 rats underwent a sham operation (Sham). The OVX rats were randomly separated into four groups, i.e. OVX control, OVX plus 2 mg/day BCAP, OVX plus 10 mg/day BCAP, and OVX plus 50 mg/day BCAP, and were gavaged once per day for 12 wk. The effects on bone mineral content, bone mineral density, microarchitecture and biomechanical properties were determined. The bioactive ingredients in BCAP were isolated and identified. Results showed that BCAP increased the bone mineral content and bone mineral density of the femur in a dose‐dependent manner. Scanning electron microscope observation and mechanical testing further confirmed the positive effects of BCAP. These positive effects attribute to the fact that osteopontin, lactoferrin, epidermal growth factor and insulin‐like growth factor‐2 are the dominant proteins in BCAP. Conclusions: BCAP (2–50 mg/day) could prevent osteoporosis caused by bone loss in OVX rats.     

The bone‐protective effect of a Taiwanese yam (Dioscorea alata L. cv. Tainung No. 2) in ovariectomised female BALB/C mice

BACKGROUND: Yam products have been marketed for treating postmenopausal syndromes. This study investigated the effects of Dioscorea alata L. cv. Tainung No. 2 (TNG yam) on the bone density of ovariectomised (OVX) female BALB/c mice and the mechanism whereby TNG yam exerted this effect. Sham and OVX control groups were fed a control diet while remaining OVX mice were randomly allocated into experimental diets, i.e. yam (630 g TNG powder kg^?1), E2 (20 mg 17β‐oestradiol kg^?1), or genistein (2 g genistein kg^?1) diet. After 12 weeks of feeding, the uterine weight, indices of bone mass and caecal short chain fatty acids were determined. RESULTS: Neither a yam nor genistein diet restored the OVX‐induced uterine atrophy as did the E2 diet. The femoral and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) of mice fed the yam diet was greater than those of the sham group, respectively (P < 0.05 vs OVX control), while the lumbar BMD of yam and sham groups were similar (P > 0.05 vs sham). The femoral ash and calcium content in the yam group was significantly greater than that in the OVX control group, respectively (P < 0.05 vs OVX control). The total short chain fatty acid content in the caecum, only enhanced in the yam group, was not correlated with the calcium content of either bone or the plasma calcium level. CONCLUSION: TNG yam prevented loss of BMD and improved bone calcium status without stimulating uterine hypertrophy in OVX BALB/c mice. TNG yam may be beneficial for postmenopausal women for preventing bone loss. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Short communication: Proteins in heat-processed skim milk powder have no positive effects on bone loss of ovariectomized rats

Milk has positive effects on bone growth. However, the effect of skim milk powder (SMP) on bone properties has not been reported. This study investigated the effect of SMP on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and another 10 rats received a sham operation. The OVX rats were randomly separated into 4 groups: OVX control, OVX SMP1 (SMP at 0.04 g/d), OVX SMP2 (SMP at 0.20 g/d), and OVX SMP3 (SMP at 0.40 g/d). Skim milk powder was supplied in the rat diet for 12 wk, and the rats were gavaged once per day. The effects of SMP on calcium content and bone mineral density of femur were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, respectively. Compared with the control, SMP at all dose levels tested had no particular effect on weight:length, calcium content, or bone mineral density of femurs. It was demonstrated that SMP (0.04 to 0.40 g/d) had no positive effect on bone loss in OVX rats, probably because the heat treatment used during SMP processing caused a loss of biological activity in the protein.     

Effect of Hwanggum (Scutellaria Radix) extract on ovariectomized osteoporotic rats

Hwanggum (Scutellaria Radix, SR) is the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a perennial herb. Osteoporotic animal models were set through ovariectomies and low calcium diets, administered SR extract and estrogen to the osteoporotic animal models, and compared changes in the osteometabolic indicators of the SR extract oral-administered group with that of the estrogen oral-administered group. The results show that Ovx-SR 50 group (oral-administered with 50 mg/kg BW/day of the SR extract), Ovx-SR 100 group (oral-administered with 100 mg/kg BW/day of the SR extract), and Ovx-Estrogen group (estrogen-administered group) had 3.8, 8.2, and 8.0% increases in femoral bone mineral density (BMD) of Sprague-Dawley, respectively, which are significant changes compared to the control group (Ovx). And lumbar spine BMD increased in the Ovx-SR 100 group by 5.5% in comparison with the control group, as much as the protective effect of estrogen in the Ovx-Estrogen group. Futhermore, SR extract significantly reduced the excretion of deoxypyridinoline in urine by 6 and 11.1% in Ovx-SR 50, Ovx-SR 100 group in comparison with the Ovx. Our conclusion is that the SR extract had positive effects on BMD and on the osteometabolic indicators of ovariectomized osteoporotic rats and it acted as a weak phytoestrogen.     

大豆甙元抑制去卵巢大鼠骨矿丢失和相关元素关系的研究

目的:研究大豆甙元对去卵巢引起的骨质疏松大鼠骨矿物质和相关元素含量的影响。方法:实验用40只三月龄雌性清洁级大鼠,分为4组。其中去卵巢+己烯雌酚组(OVX-E)、去卵巢+大豆甙元组(OVX-D)大鼠每日分别灌胃己烯雌酚或大豆甙元,另二组大鼠仅灌胃等量蒸馏水。饲喂三个月后(90d)处死,收集血和骨样,分别测定钙(Ca)、磷(P)、锌(Zn)、镁(Mg)、锰(Mn)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)等指标。结果去卵巢后雌性大鼠血清Ca、P、Zn、Mg含量无明显变化,但灌胃己烯雌酚或大豆甙元的去卵巢大鼠血清P、Zn、Mg含量则较假手术组(Sham)和去卵巢组(OVX)大鼠显著降低(p＜0．01,p＜0．05)。与OVX组相比,OVX-E和OVX-D组大鼠骨骼Ca、Zn含量得到改善;血清和胫骨钙磷比(Ca:P)的显著升高,分别为增加36．4%和48．6%(p＜0．01),接近Sham组。结论:研究进一步证实大豆甙元在改善骨密度的机理之一是,通过减少血清P、Zn、Mg吸收,提高Ca的吸收利用率,有利于Ca和Zn在胫骨中沉积,而增强骨密度。但血清碱性磷酸酶的表达主要与内源性雌激素水平有关。     

市售商品补钙制剂的补钙效果观察

本文以大鼠为模型，研究不同化学形式钙以及市售数种钙剂的补钙效果。１．不同化学形式钙的补钙效果：选用三周龄断乳Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠５６只，雌雄各半，喂饲３周缺钙饲料后，按体重随机把大鼠分成４组，即缺钙饲料、补充碳酸钙、活性钙或乳酸钙饲料（３０００ｍｇＣａ／ｋｇ），实验期为１２周。２．市售补钙制剂的补钙效果：选用动物及实验期同实验１，动物数为８４只，按体重随机把大鼠分成７组，即缺钙饲料组，其它６组为补充碳酸钙、钙尔奇－Ｄ、盖天力、活性钙、壮骨宝、巨人补钙饲料（３０００ｍｇＣａ／ｋｇ）。补钙各组大鼠终体重和身长均非常显著高于对照组。补充不同化学形式钙或商品钙制剂组的血浆、红细胞和肝脏中钙含量均显著高于缺钙对照组，补钙各组间无显著差异。多数钙制剂对雄性肾脏钙存留的影响不显著，只有盖天力显著增加雄性肾脏钙存留；补钙对雌性肾脏钙存留的影响非常显著。补充的三种化学形式钙和商品钙剂均显著增加骨矿物质含量，但是碳酸钙和乳酸钙的效果优于活性钙，巨人补钙和活性钙的效果似不如其它钙制剂。按效果价格比，目前碳酸钙仍是最好的钙源。     

酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPP)对生长期大鼠骨密度的影响

探讨4种不同酪蛋白磷酸肽（CPP）的不同CPP/Ca比值对生长期大鼠骨密度的影响.选用4周龄雄性SD大鼠,按体重随机分为低钙组、补钙组和CPP加钙实验组（A,B,C,D四种CPP按CPP/Ca比值为1,2,4,分别设低、中、高3个剂量组）,以灌胃方式给予补钙和CPP,12周后处死大鼠,取双侧股骨,称重,计算股骨指数;化学法测骨钙,双光能X线吸收法测骨密度.结果表明,4种CPP三个剂量组和补钙组大鼠骨密度均显著高于低钙组（P＜0.01）,其中C种CPP高剂量组的骨密度显著高于补钙组（P＜0.05）,其余各组CPP的骨密度也高于补钙组,但差异不显著.C种CPp在CPP/Ca比值为4时能显著促进大鼠钙的吸收和利用,提高股骨骨钙含量,增加骨密度,其他3种CPP增加骨密度的作用不显著.     

Effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">cheonggukjang</Emphasis> containing arrowroot isoflavones on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats

The effects of dietary supplementation with cheonggukjang containing arrowroot isoflavones (AIC) on bone mineral density and bone metabolism were investigated in 6-week old ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 4 groups: sham (sham-operation and basal diet), OVX (ovariectomy and basal diet), OVX+C (ovariectomy and basal diet with 5% cheonggukjang), and OVX+AIC (ovariectomy and basal diet with 5% AIC). Eight weeks following ovariectomy, body weight gain, and serum alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly reduced in OVX+C and OVX+AIC. Serum osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in OVX+AIC. Although urinary calcium, phosphorus, and creatinine levels increased after ovariectomy, they decreased in OVX+AIC. Bone mineral densities decreased in OVX but significantly enhanced after C and AIC supplementation. Bone mineral content did not significantly differ between OVX+AIC and sham. Thus, these results suggest that AIC may prevent bone loss in OVX rats.