现代水工业自动化必须走信息控制一体化的道路——兼谈实用工业以太网的最新发展新思路

城市水工业是一种传统的基础企业，由于其自动化系统发展较慢，已跟不上我国其他行业的水平。21世纪是数字化、信息化和网络化时代，随着计算机技术、网络技术、虚拟技术、嵌入式技术以及各种先进控制技术的迅猛发展，只有借助现代化的自动化技术，才能创建保持经济持续发展的新型水企业。     

21世纪非制造业自动化的发展与特种机器人研究思考

21世纪初将是非制造业自动化(包括农业自动化、服务自动化和地下、水下、地面(建设)作业自动化等)的快速发展时期.文中从分析工业机器人技术的进步对制造业自动化发展的影响着手,指出非制造业自动化的快速发展,将对特种机器人产生巨大的需求;特种机器人作为一种具有高度灵活性的自动化并逐渐智能化的机器,无疑具有很大的发展空间;同时特种机器人技术的发展,将极大地推动非制造业自动化的发展,特种机器人技术将成为非制造业自动化中的核心技术之一.该文还建议,我国特种机器人研究应放在非制造业自动化发展的大环境中开展,同时应重视多学科交叉,研究队伍不能局限于自动化领域.     

Simulation as a Tool for Optimizing Automated Laboratory Equipment and Processes?

In the design of complex automated manufacturing equipment simulation technology has increasingly developed into an essential planning tool which is highly used in the field of semiconductor industry. In the field of laboratory technology a similar trend towards automated systems or automated sequencing of systems can be found. This results in the question if the use of simulation can help detecting optimization potentials in the design of laboratory equipment as well as in laboratory processes. By means of a case study out of the field of clean production the elaborated results help to show the benefits of simulation as a planning tool.With the help of simulation a material flow- and throughput optimized equipment design and therefore required equipment control strategies were ascertained in several iterative runs. The system installation, being in its development stage, was represented realistically in a detailed simulation model. The performance of the system in operation was visualized and then analyzed. Thus, bottlenecks could be localized easily and the equipment design and dimensioning could be reviewed.With the selective simulative examination of different optimization approaches the equipment manufacturer was provided with important data for economical- and investment decisions. The use of simulation technology provides a high planning reliability and helps to avoid planning mistakes already in the stage of system development.This advantages could also be used in future developments in the field of laboratory automation.     

创建科学的水工业综合自动化系统

城市水工业是一个传统的基础企业,它的自动化控制系统发展太慢,跟不上我国其他行业。21世纪是数字化、信息化和网络化时代。随着IT技术、网络技术、高端计算机技术、虚拟技术、嵌入式技术以及监控组态软件和先进控制技术的迅猛发展,只有创建最现代化最科学的综合自动化系统,才能建造经济可持续发展的新型水企业。     

Current status and future trends in the automation of mineral and metal processing

A review of the current status and future trends in the automation and control of mineral and metal processing is presented. An evaluation of publications on IFAC MMM events during the last 20 years shows some trends in the application of a number of process control methods in the MM industry. Classical control has seen an extraordinarily wide application, but its inability to solve all the application problems of interest has led to further developments in control system methodologies and theory. One aim of this paper is to review the success of the translation of theoretically based developments into practice. Finally, the importance of information technology for the MM industry and process automation is highlighted and discussed.     

计算机控制系统在热水蒸汽锅炉改造中的应用

本文应用了先进的工业PC控制机,实现了对中小型燃煤热水蒸汽锅炉的自动控制设计和改造。系统包括:水位控制、炉压控制、燃烧控制、事故监控等控制环节,提出了模糊控制模型。使工业热水蒸汽锅炉系统具有抗干扰能力强,运行安全稳定,使用简便,经济节能,自动化控制程度高,适应性强等优势。改造后的系统可使燃料燃烧充分,降低污染,提高了蒸汽质量。     

电力过程自动化技术发展趋势

随着社会及电力工业的发展,近些年来电力自动化的重要性与日剧增。传统的信息、通讯和自动化技术之间的障碍正在逐渐消失。最新的技术,包括无线网络、现场总线、新型检测及控制仪表、先进管理和控制软件等,大大提升了过程系统的效率和安全性能。本文着重分析讨论了国外电力过程自动化的最新动态及发展趋势。     

基于IFIX和施耐德PLC的燃煤锅炉控制系统

为了提高工业燃煤锅炉控制的自动化水平和安全生产,运用先进的自动化技术、计算机技术和网络通讯技术对工业锅炉进行监控和管理具有重要意义。本文采用QUANTUMPLC,IFIX4．0组态软件和工业以太网通讯技术相结合,研发了工业燃煤锅炉控制系统,利用Concept2．6编程软件设计锅炉控制的梯形图,实现了水位三冲量、燃烧过程和蒸汽压力自动控制等功能。工业以太网通讯连接实时性能较好,数据传输率很高。采用IFIX4．0组态软件编写的监控程序具有功能完善、操作简便、可视性好、人机对话功能强等优点。     

A security and authentication layer for SCADA/DCS applications

Mid 2010, a sophisticated malicious computer worm called Stuxnet targeted major ICS systems around the world causing severe damages to Siemens automation products. Stuxnet proved its ability to infect air-gapped-segregated critical computers control system. After this attack, the whole ICS industry security was thrust into spotlight. Automation suppliers have already started to re-think their business approach to cyber security. The OPC foundation have made also significant changes and improvements on its new design OPC-UA to increase security of automation applications but, what is still missing and seems to be not resolved any time soon is having security in depth for industrial automation applications. In this paper, we propose a simple but strong security control solution to be implemented as a logic level security on SCADA and DCS systems. The method presented in this work enforces message integrity to build trusts between DCS system components, but it should not be viewed as the main nor the only protection layer implemented on an industrial automation system. The proposed solution can be viewed as a low-level security procedure to avoid malicious attacks such as Stuxnet.     

FCS系统在蔗糖行业中的应用

针对广西蔗糖业的巨大前景,为了提高总体技术水平,缩小与发达国家和国际先进水平的差距,对该行业的一些关键工段进行自动化控制是目前能够实现也完全能达到国际水平的。通过FCS2000现场总线控制系统在广西蔗糖业的成功应用,反映了国产FCS2000现场总线控制系统的系统功能的实用性和稳定性,实现了对蔗糖生产中蔗渣燃烧锅炉及其相关的自动控制,提高了管理水平和自动化程度,降低了单位能耗,节约了资源。为广西蔗糖业的发展贡献了一份力量。     

New test paradigms for yield and manufacturability

As CMOS technology continues its trend down the technology nodes through 90 nm to 14 nm, our industry faces the challenge of achieving necessary yield as we integrate more on-chip circuitry having more complex, advanced process technologies. These technologies are generally less scalable than in the past, which means we're involved in a completely new yield ramp almost every two years. Closing the loop from semiconductor manufacturing back to design and process development is crucial. The author explored the nanometer-era semiconductor yield challenges, classified the yield limiting problems, and discussed how to close the loop back to design and process development. This analysis, summarized in this perspectives, reveals the key role of test and the data it generates to optimize semiconductor yield for the next generation.     

Neo-symbiosis: a system design philosophy for diversity and enrichment

Neo-symbiosis is an updating and elaboration of the notion of symbiosis advanced by Licklider in 1960. Licklider argued that new levels of cognition could be reached by promoting a partnership between human brains and computing machines. Recent developments in both computer technology and theoretical psychology have advanced to the point where the level of symbiosis envisioned by Licklider could become a reality. A theoretical framework is presented for advancing neo-symbiosis. Neo-symbiosis provides an overarching view that pushes the envelope on what technology can do for homo sapiens. It is a concept that both enhances productivity and results in job enrichment. The ramifications of this for business and industry are developed and discussed. The conclusion addresses the benefits of and challenges for neo-symbiosis.

Relevance to Industry

Neo-symbiosis is a conceptual tool that should leverage human potential and reduce human errors through the design of industrial systems and processes. It offers the means to both increase industrial productivity and to increase the well-being and satisfaction of staff and employees. It deals with automation in a manner that benefits both staff and management. It also provides a means of addressing and ameliorating diversity issues.     

基于文献指标与合著网络的《自动化学报》2011-2016年发表论文分析研究

本文以《自动化学报》2011-2016年发表的文献数据为依据,以定量与定性相结合的方式探索研究自动化学科领域研究动态.首先,从发文量、影响因子、被引情况、下载量等指标角度对该刊过去6年的发展情况进行统计分析;随后,通过对关键词、论文作者与发文机构的数据挖掘,获取并呈现自动化学科热点研究领域、核心科研人员与机构;最后,构建作者合著网络,并对核心子网络的指标属性进行深入解析,刻画科研人员及机构间的合作关系.研究结果可为自动化领域科技工作者及关注自动化学科发展的人士了解学科动态,加强学术交流,以及促进群体合作提供一定的参考.     

A generic model for building design

The design of building structures has benefited considerably through computer automation, but further developments in this field are still required. This paper presenis a generic approach to computer automation of the detailed design of building structures. Because of its high level of abstraction, the resulting model is applicable to a wide range of structure types. Other advantages include the use of a consistent data model for software design and implementation, abstract data types for the representation of engineering data, the ability to represent heuristic knowledge, and the ability to evaluate design results in an intelligent manner.     

DCS接地系统应用

随着化工行业的迅速发展和自动化水平的逐步提高,分散型控制系统(DCS)已在国内各个化工厂中得到广泛的应用。DCS系统能够完成各装置的基本过程控制、操作、监视、管理,同时还可完成顺序控制、工艺连锁和部分先进控制等功能。DCS合理、可靠的系统接地,是DCS系统非常重要的一个环节,为了确保DCS系统监测和控制等功能安全、精确的运行,必须对系统的接地要求、接地方式、接地电缆和接地汇总板布置等方面进行详细的设计和合理的统筹规划。本文根据DCS系统的相关设计标准和规范要求,对DCS接地系统进行简要的介绍和讨论,以供在今后DCS系统安装、维护过程中进行参考。     

Reliability assessment for development of microtechnologies

 In recent years, developments in the micro electronics industry have focused on semiconductors and semiconductor processes. However, microcircuit assembly technologies have lagged chip development. This has spurred research in interconnection and packaging creating many new technologies and enhancing integration. These new microelectronic technologies are enabling micro systems, and resulting in products, from portable work stations to advanced automotive electronics. This evolution of technology has also created the need to reexamine how we achieve a reliable system. Clearly, in highly competitive marketplaces, reliability is a key element in achieving successful products. To achieve a reliable product in a cost effective manner, “upstream problem solving” must be employed which focuses on root cause of failure. This paper provides an overview of the reliability assessment process needed to achieve effective microsystem development. A case study of reliability in a complex multi-chip module is presented which includes an assessment of the stochastic nature of via fatigue by applying Monte Carlo simulations. Received: 30 October 1995 / Accepted: 20 May 1996     

现代水工业自动化必须走信息控制一体化的道路——兼谈实用工业以太网的最新发展思路

城市水工业是一个传统的基础企业,自动化控制系统发展太慢,跟不上我国其他行业.随着IT技术、高端计算机技术、虚拟技术、嵌入式技术,以及各种高端的先进控制技术的迅猛发展,只有创建最现代化最科学的自动化控制技术,才能建造经济持续发展的新型水企业.     

基于实时网络控制的工业自动化系统

自动化技术己成为国家工业生产力水平的一个重要标志。文章介绍了工业自动化技术的发展历史和在中国的应用水平,阐述了基于实时网络控制自动化技术的设计,并以钢铁工业为例分析了自动化技术在国内重要工业领域的应用状况,阐明了自动化技术在工业发展中的重要作用。     

自动化制造系统的产生与发展

探讨了自动化与制造业的产生和互促发展过程 ,论述了自动化制造系统的形成和不同发展阶段的内涵及重大作用,指出自动化技术与制造 技术是驱动自动化制造系统发展的两个轮子,不能忽视任何一个侧面,自动化研究与制造技 术研究相结合是发展先进制造技术的必由之路．     

基于PSD的平台漂移自动化测试仪设计与实现

针对惯性平台漂移测试人工操作误差大、自动化程度低的问题,研发了一台基于新型半导体位置敏感探测器的平台漂移自动化测试仪.该测试仪采用了一种新的光学测量方法,结合先进的半导体光电技术进行设计.分析了系统误差,并对系统误差进行修正.试验表明,该测试仪实现了自动化测试,操作简单,能够达到较高的测量精度,满足了惯性平台漂移误差±...