Sidelobe suppression in NC-OFDM systems using constellation adjustment

In this letter, a new method for sidelobe suppression in non-contiguous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (NC-OFDM) systems is proposed. Unlike the conventional approach, sidelobes are suppressed by iteratively adjusting the constellation points for the subcarriers that are close to the edges of the used bandwidth. The constellation points corresponding to the maximum sidelobe suppression are chosen for transmission. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm yields good performance improvement in terms of sidelobe suppression, and does not have a significant impact on the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).     

Reduction of out-of-band radiation in OFDM systems by insertion of cancellation carriers

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) suffers from high out-of-band radiation. In this letter, we investigate a new method for sidelobe suppression characterized by the insertion of a few so-called cancellation carriers (CCs) at both sides of the OFDM spectrum. These special carriers are modulated with complex weighting factors which are optimized such that the sidelobes of the CCs cancel the sidelobes of the transmit signal. With this technique a significant reduction of out-of-band radiation is achieved at the cost of a small degradation in system performance.     

联合子载波抑制与配对的双向DF-PLNC OFDM中继

子载波抑制(SS)技术已被证明能够显著提高正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的误码率性能,因此引起了学术界的广泛关注。在双向OFDM中继网络(TWRN)中,由于两个源节点与中继之间的链路具有独立性,直接应用子载波抑制技术会造成两条链路的活跃子载波具有非对称性,从而导致大量子载波在中继节点无法实现网络编码。提出了一种联合子载波抑制与子载波配对(SP)的双向译码转发(DF)-物理层网络编码(PLNC)OFDM中继系统。该方法对中继两端链路的非对称活跃子载波进行配对,在配对的子载波上发送物理层网络编码信息。仿真结果表明,该方法显著改善了误码率性能,消除了原有的误码平台并且提高了系统的吞吐量性能。     

Pairwise subcarriers weighting for suppressing out‐of‐band radiation of OFDM

This paper proposes a subcarrier weighting technique to suppress the out‐of‐band radiation of OFDM signals. By mapping and weighting the same data on an adjacent pair of subcarriers, the spectrum sidelobes are suppressed perfectly through sidelobes mutual cancellation. The optimum weighting factor is derived based on a rectangular pulse‐shaped OFDM spectrum model. Compared with existing out‐of‐band suppression schemes, the proposed scheme not only requires less computational burden but also achieves better spectral roll‐off. For example, when the cyclic prefix of a one‐eighth OFDM‐block length is added, the proposed scheme suppresses the 10‐dB radiation at the center frequency between two subbands which are using cognitive radio. Analytical and simulation results also show that the proposed scheme improves the system carrier‐to‐interference ratio by 10 dB at a normalized frequency offset above 0.1, which leads to the performance improvement in terms of the BER on AWGN channel and multipath fading channel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sidelobe Suppression Using Extended Active Interference Cancellation with Self-Interferences Constraint for Cognitive OFDM Systems

Recently, increasing attention is paid to improving the spectrum utilization in cognitive OFDM systems. To enable coexistence between secondary users and primary users, a scheme, called as extended active interference cancellation (EAIC), was proposed for the effective sidelobe suppression of OFDM signals. However, with the EAIC method, the cancellation signals cause self-interferences to OFDM data subcarriers, which seriously degrades the symbol-error-rate performance, especially, when a high order modulation is used. In this paper, we analyze the self-interferences and formulate the minimization of both the total sidelobe power and the self-interferences as a optimization problem, which could be solved by least square method with acceptable complexity for OFDM communication systems nowadays. Simulation results show that the proposed EAIC-IC scheme provides a good sidelobe suppression performance of about 38.0 dB with signal-to-noise ratio loss less than 0.10 dB at symbol-error-rate of 10^− 3 when 64 QAM modulation is employed. Moreover, the proposed EAIC-IC scheme can provide an arbitrary tradeoff between the sidelobe suppression and the symbol-error-rate performance via adjusting the constraint parameter.     

A novel multicarrier CDMA transmission scheme for cognitive radios with sidelobe suppression

Noncontiguous multicarrier code division multiple access (MC‐CDMA) is an effective multiple access method for cognitive radio systems that can deploy the noncontiguous vacant parts of a certain spectrum shared with the users of a primary system. However, the large spectral sidelobes of the Fourier transform based implementation of the MC‐CDMA interfere with the adjacent primary transmission. In this paper, a novel complex signature sequence set is proposed for synchronous downlink MC‐CDMA based cognitive radio networks to suppress the sidelobes. To do so, the minimization of the sidelobes power is developed as an eigen‐optimization problem that is optimally solved by using the eigenvalue decomposition method. The optimal complex signature sequences are chosen as the eigenvectors attained by the eigenvalue decomposition of a symmetric matrix that is dependent of the spectral characteristics of the primary users. Simulation results show that by a slight decrease in the maximum number of active users compared with full load, the sidelobes can be considerably suppressed. The effect of cyclic prefix length, the bandwidth of the primary system and the number of active users on the sidelobe suppression performance is analyzed through numerical simulations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于凸优化的最小旁瓣恒定束宽时域宽带波束形成

 提出了基于凸优化的适用于任意结构基阵的最小旁瓣恒定束宽时域宽带波束形成方法.首先将基阵波束响应表达成一组有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器权值的线性函数,然后采用基于恒定束宽限制条件的最小旁瓣优化准则设计FIR滤波器权值.同时对滤波器系数进行范数约束以及对干扰方向设置展宽零陷来提高波束形成器的鲁棒性.将期望波束响应的设计过程与实际波束响应的逼近过程融合在一起进行优化搜索,获得了全局最优解.该波束形成器设计问题被转化成凸优化问题求解,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

OFDM MIMO radar waveform design for targets identification

In order to obtain better target identification performance, an efficient waveform design method with high range resolution and low sidelobe level for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is proposed in this paper. First, the wideband CP-based OFDM signal is transmitted on each antenna to guarantee large bandwidth and high range resolution. Next, a complex orthogonal design (COD) is utilized to achieve code domain orthogonality among antennas, so that the spatial diversity can be obtained in MIMO radar, and only the range sidelobe on the first antenna needs suppressing. Furthermore, sidelobe suppression is expressed as an optimization problem. The integrated sidelobe level (ISL) is adopted to construct the objective function, which is solved using the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) algorithm. The numerical results demonstrate the superiority in performance (high resolution, strict orthogonality, and low sidelobe level) of the proposed method compared to existing algorithms.     

Guardband Optimization for Cellular Systems Applying Raised Cosine Windowed OFDM

In this paper, we study the optimization of the guardbands between adjacent channels in OFDM-based cellular systems. It is well known that OFDM signals have strong sidelobes in spectrum, which lead to large necessary guardbands between adjacent channels to avoid severe adjacent channel interference. To reduce such guardbands and, thus, to increase the spectrum usage efficiency, we propose to apply raised cosine (RC) windowing of the time domain OFDM signals, which is a simple, efficient and effective method. In this context, an interesting tradeoff can be observed, i.e., a higher roll-off factor (ROF) of the RC-window is associated with higher signal overhead in time (in other words, longer OFDM symbol duration), but lower guardband overhead in frequency (due to better sidelobe suppression). We study this tradeoff and found out that the ROF and the guardband size can be jointly optimized, in the sense that the per-channel data rate can be maximized under adjacent channel interference constraints. Our mathematical analysis further shows that such joint optimization can be reduced to a single dimension optimization, i.e. the optimization of the ROF. Afterwards, this optimization procedure is illustrated and verified via numerical simulation, showing that large data rate increase can be achieved when using RC-windowing with an optimized ROF. Finally, practical analysis of the instantaneous per-OFDM symbol interference further verified the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Sidelobe suppression in OFDM-based spectrum sharing systems using adaptive symbol transition

In this letter, we introduce a new method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) sidelobe suppression. An extension is added to OFDM symbols that is calculated using optimization methods to minimize adjacent channel interference (ACI) while keeping the extension power at an acceptable level. Using this technique, interference to adjacent signals is reduced significantly at the cost of a small decrease in the useful symbol energy. The proposed method can be used by cognitive radio (CR) systems to shape the spectrum of OFDM signals and to minimize interference to licensed users (LU), or to reduce the size of guard bands used in conventional OFDM systems.     

Be/spl acute/zier representations for the multiobjective optimization of conformal array amplitude weights

For conformal phased arrays, generally the excitation amplitude of the array elements must be adjusted in order to maintain low sidelobes as the array is scanned. While the desired phase weights for maximum gain are deterministically set by the array geometry and scan angle, the representation of optimum low sidelobe amplitude weights remains an open problem. Following up on prior work using the efficiency-constrained optimization of a modified Bernstein polynomial for low sidelobe conformal array synthesis, a Be/spl acute/zier surface is shown to provide a good representation of the optimized amplitude weights with a reduced number of parameters, while demonstrating /spl epsiv/-constraint multi-objective optimization of conformal aperture efficiency versus sidelobe level. These results are extended to include a Be/spl acute/zier volume representation for the multiobjective optimization of conformal aperture efficiency versus both sidelobe level and scan angle.     

多用户OFDM系统中子载波比特分配算法

针对多用户OFDM系统中的功率优化问题,提出了一种新的子载波、比特分配算法。利用匈牙利算法对子载波进行初始分配,然后根据信道的状态信息为每个子载波动态地分配比特,最后对分配的结果作进一步调整,直到发射总功率不再减小为止。仿真结果表明,调整后的结果比原有方法有所改善,在满足传输速率和误码率要求的条件下,有效地降低了系统发射总功率。     

一种基于SER约束的OFDM系统旁瓣抑制算法

为了抑制正交频分复用(OFDM)系统旁瓣,将自适应功率分配与子载波加权旁瓣抑制算法相结合,提出了一种基于误符号率约束的旁瓣抑制新算法,并分析其全局凸性。为了降低该算法复杂度,采取减少参与旁瓣抑制子载波数的策略,设计了一种次优算法。仿真实验结果表明,同现有的子动波加权(SW)算法相比,新算法具有明显的性能优势,且在相移键控系统(PSK)中不用传递边信息。     

改进的合成孔径雷达旁瓣抑制空间变迹算法

针对现有的改进空间变迹(SVA)算法存在运算量大、不能有效抑制合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像旁瓣或者损失主瓣能量等问题,提出一种新的改进SVA算法。分析了非整数倍带宽采样对理想频域窗函数所对应的脉冲响应函数的影响,根据旁瓣抑制要求,构建一个新的脉冲响应函数,同时得到其所对应的频域窗函数,并给出相应的约束条件,通过比较最大和最小加权的SAR数据来实现旁瓣抑制。该算法在保持主瓣能量的前提下能够快速有效地抑制旁瓣,仿真实验和实测数据处理验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种低旁瓣非均匀圆形活塞换能器的设计

针对水声换能器的指向性旁瓣级问题,该文提出了一种低旁瓣非均匀圆形活塞平面水声换能器。该换能器在均匀圆形活塞换能器的基础上,采取去双环分布方法去除均匀圆形活塞换能器部分压电相体积,改变换能器结构,实现了抑制旁瓣的效果。以均匀连续平面活塞阵为基础,该文推导了去双环圆形平面活塞阵指向性函数,并采用Matlab对该指向性函数求解,分析两个环的位置和宽度随换能器指向性最大旁瓣级的变化规律,根据优化结果确定了换能器的最优尺寸。通过有限元仿真分析表明,该去双环圆形活塞换能器指向性最大旁瓣级为-25.3 dB,与均匀圆形活塞换能器相比,最大旁瓣级降低了8.3 dB,实现了旁瓣抑制,有效降低了最大旁瓣级。     

Complementary sequences with high sidelobe suppression factors forST/MST radar applications

Under ideal conditions, complementary code pairs produce no sidelobes. In practice, sidelobes are produced, among other things, when the period of the Doppler frequency shift as well as the time of coherence of clear air turbulence are comparable (or smaller) than the interpulse period. The intensity of sidelobes increases with the radar operating frequency and becomes a real problem in the upper VHF and UHF bands. In this paper, a new technique for reducing sidelobes originating from atmospheric characteristics for clear air radar systems using pulse coding is presented. For this, a generalized analytic expression for a sidelobe suppression factor applicable to any number of binary code sequences is first derived. This is then used to develop the technique, which in the case of complementary codes consists of manipulating the order of transmission of the code sequences. For such codes, improvements in sidelobe suppression of the order of 80 dB on the VHF frequency band are obtained. The modifications required to implement the technique into existing systems are very few and simple     

NOVEL BIPHASE CODE -INTEGRATED SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION CODE

A kind of novel binary phase code named sidelobe suppression code is proposed in this paper. It is defined to be the code whose corresponding optimal sidelobe suppression filter outputs the minimum sidelobes. It is shown that there do exist sidelobe suppression codes better than the conventional optimal codes-Barker codes. For example, the sidelobe suppression code     

NOVEL BIPHASE CODE——INTEGRATED SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION CODE

A kind of novel binary phase code named sidelobe suppression code is proposed in this paper.It is defined to be the code whose corresponding optimal sidelobe suppression filter outputs the minimum sidelobes.It is shown that there do exist sidelobe suppression codes better than the conventional optimal codes-Barker codes.For example,the sidelobe suppression code of length 11 with filter of length 39 has better sidelobe level up to 17dB than that of Barker code with the same code length and filter length.     

Channel-Aware ALOHA-Based OFDM Subcarrier Assignment in Single-Cell Wireless Communications

Usually, centralized channel state information (CSI) is assumed to exploit the multiuser diversity with a smart transmission scheduler. However, such centralized CSI can be impractical for a broadband wireless communication system with a large number of mobile users (MUs). In this paper, we propose a decentralized method to exploit the multiuser diversity in a single cell scenario with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) based downlink. The central part of our approach is the channel-aware ALOHA-based OFDM subcarrier assignment. According to it, each MU measures the channel at all OFDM subcarriers and tries to obtain proper ones by sending a service-request packet through the corresponding orthogonal uplink subchannel. This packet is sent when the measured channel-fading level exceeds a predetermined threshold xi. The base station processes these request packets with a collision-reception model, and assigns the corresponding subcarrier(s) to the MU whose request packet has been successfully received. Two implementation algorithms are developed, by solving the problem of optimization of xi under different system configurations. Computer simulations show that in comparison with the standard round-robin method, the proposed algorithms offer a substantial data-rate improvement, especially when the correlation property of the OFDM subcarriers is properly exploited     

一种新的低旁瓣LFM噪声雷达波形设计方法

针对LFM噪声雷达波形旁瓣功率水平高的问题,该文将低旁瓣波形设计方法和LFM噪声雷达波形设计方法相结合,提出一种新的低旁瓣LFM噪声雷达波形设计方法。该方法首先建立低旁瓣LFM噪声雷达波形设计目标函数,将确定性二次相位和随机相位的组合关系转化为优化问题的约束条件,然后通过该文提出的修正循环算法(MCAN)迭代求解,使得设计的恒模LFM噪声波形同时具有低旁瓣和高多普勒容忍性。最后,仿真结果表明该算法能够降低波形模糊函数的距离-多普勒2维旁瓣,对静止目标和运动目标均能够起到较好的效果,且保证了波形的低截获概率性能。