环境友好型聚酰胺环氧氯丙烷湿强剂的性能研究

聚酰胺聚胺环氧氯丙烷树脂(PAE)是在中性条件下固化的应用较广泛的湿强剂,但它具有固含量不高,产品中含有有机氯等缺点.考察了采用改进的溶液聚合合成反应条件与有机胺后处理相结合的新工艺开发的环境友好型低氯高固含量PAE湿强树脂对纸张湿强度影响.结果表明,该低氯高固含量PAE树脂在合适的条件下能显著的提高纸张的湿强性,是一种具有市场开发前景新型的湿强剂.     

低有机氯含量PAE基纸张湿强剂的制备及性能评价

利用二乙烯三胺和己二酸为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂合成聚酰胺,在聚酰胺和环氧氯丙烷的反应中加入三乙胺和阳离子改性剂,反应得到改性聚酰胺环氧氯丙烷(PAE)树脂,将其用作纸张湿强剂,进行浆内施胶得到了改性PAE树脂施胶纸张。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及溶液稳定性测试对改性PAE树脂的结构和稳定性进行了表征,讨论了温度和三乙胺用量对有机氯含量的影响、三乙胺及阳离子改性剂用量对改性PAE树脂施胶纸张物理性能的影响。结果表明,当温度为50℃、三乙胺用量为7.4%(相对于反应物总质量)、阳离子改性剂用量为24.6%(相对于反应物总质量)时,制备的改性PAE树脂中有机氯含量为0.067%(相对于PAE树脂总质量),低于国家标准规定的0.7%,并可在室温下稳定放置。当改性PAE树脂添加量为质量分数1.6%,其浆内施胶效果最佳,浆内zeta电位为-1.2mV,纸张接触角为63.56°,改性PAE树脂施胶纸张与原纸相比干抗张指数、湿抗张指数、撕裂指数和耐折度分别提高了41%、13%、32.8%和27%,纸张物理性能明显增强。     

增湿强剂PAEP的制备及性能

采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)对传统湿增强剂聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷(PAE)树脂进行化学改性,制备了一种PAEP湿增强剂。并在抄纸过程中引入PAEP与有机硼复合湿强剂,进一步增加纤维间的交联。采用IR、SEM、Zeta电位仪、TG对其结构、性能进行了表征;探讨了PAEP在纤维中的吸附行为,以及PAE、PAEP、PAEP-有机硼用量对纸张湿强性能的影响。结果表明,随着PAEP加入量由2.5 mg/g增加到30 mg/g,其在纤维中的饱和吸附量从2.33 mg/g增加到8.14 mg/g,吸附效率由93.2%降低到27.1%;与PAE相比,经PAEP、PAEP-有机硼处理后的纸张热降解残渣量分别增多122.67%,269.60%;当PAEP-有机硼中有机硼的质量分数为50%(以PAEP质量计,下同)时,纸张的干、湿抗张指数分别提高22.66%和79.46%,抗张指数保留率增加46.35%。在相同质量下,与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺和阳离子淀粉相比,PAEP-有机硼复合湿强剂亦具有较佳的增强效果。     

PAE湿强剂的改性及其在擦手纸中的应用

文章利用十二烷基甲基丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯和丁二烯同时对PAE湿强剂进行了改性。对物料配比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对各步反应的影响进行了探讨,最终确定了各步反应较佳的合成条件。第一步反应的合成条件为:nPAE︰nLMA=1︰4、T=85℃、t=6 h;第二步反应的合成条件为:n中间体1/nEPI=1︰1.5,6℃反应10 min后,升温至60℃保温反应2.5 h;第三步反应的合成条件为:n中间体2︰n(ST+BD)=1︰2(其中nST︰nBD=1︰1)、T=60℃、t=5 h、引发剂的用量=0.3%。通过实验确定了该改性PAE较佳的用量为1.5%。与传统PAE增强剂相比,改性PAE增强纸张的湿强度和柔软度都有所提高。     

烯烃催化氧化反应的研究进展

介绍了烯烃催化氧化的发展现状,论述了烯烃催化氧化的具体方法,其中包括烯烃气固相催化环氧化反应、烯烃液相催化环氧化反应、模拟酶催化烯烃环氧化反应、以次氯酸钠和过氧化氢为氧源的烯烃环氧化反应和光催化烯烃直接环氧化反应。以H2O2为氧化剂,烯烃进行环氧化反应时,不污染环境,并且有利于环境保护。     

氯代芳香化合物及硝基苯类有机污染土的修复和应用性优化

有机污染土壤修复一直是实际工程中的难点,虽然相关研究较多,但研究中的反应条件比较理想难以应用到大规模的工程实践中。本研究针对上海桃浦地块的复合性有机污染土壤,对难降解的氯代芳香化合物及硝基苯类有机物进行不同的修复方法的比较,包括不同体系的高级氧化和热脱附反应,并结合实际对各类实施参数进行优化。研究结果表明,零价铁在酸性环境中对污染物还原,过硫酸钠在亚铁激活条件下对污染物高级氧化,当固液比为8∶1时能够对各类有机物进行有效降解,去除率可达到80%以上。固液比是最重要影响参数,固液比过高反应缓慢去、除率低,固液比过低所需反应空间大、造价高。该条件下,反应稳定性好、经济有效,修复后的土壤能满足修复目标,具有工程可行性。     

环己烯环氧化制备环氧环己烷的方法

本本发明提供一种环己烯环氧化制备环氧环己烷的方法,主要解决现有技术中存在催化剂活性低、环氧环己烷选择性低的问题。该方法以环己烯为底物,乙腈为反应溶剂,叔丁基过氧化氢溶液为氧化剂,在片层厚度不超过20nm、骨架钛摩尔含量不低于2%的薄层、高骨架钛含量的Ti-MWW分子筛催化剂上进行烯烃环氧化反应,反应结束后将反应液精馏处理,取130℃～135℃的馏分,得到环氧环己烷。本发明的方法环己烯转化率高、目标产物环氧环己烷的选择性高,可用于环氧环己烷的工业生产。     

杂原子掺杂beta分子筛的烯烃环氧化催化性能

采用液-固相同晶取代法分别制备了W、Mo、V和Ti掺杂的四种杂原子beta分子筛,并以环己烯和环辛烯为探针底物分子,系统性评价了W-beta、Mo-beta、V-beta和Ti-beta催化烯烃环氧化反应性能。结果表明,所制备的四种杂原子beta分子筛均具有较高的结晶度,且完好继承了母体Al-beta分子筛的微孔结构与纳米颗粒形貌;由于离子半径和M—O键长的差异,W和Mo的骨架掺入量相对较低,V和Ti的掺入量相对较高;催化烯烃环氧化反应中,有限的活性金属含量导致W-beta和Mo-beta催化环烯烃的转化率低于V-beta和Ti-beta,但W-beta、Mo-beta、V-beta的反应转换频率（TOF）较高,说明W、Mo、V金属位点的活性更高;催化环己烯环氧化反应中,V-beta催化剂易引发烯丙基氧化副反应,环氧化物选择性低于其他三种催化剂,且V活性组分氧化物形态含量较高,反应过程中易脱落,导致V-beta催化剂循环再生性能较差;Ti掺杂beta催化剂表现出最佳的烯烃环氧化反应性能,提高Ti含量可有效提高反应转化率,但骨架Ti掺入量存在极值,过多的Ti物种趋向于氧化物形态,降低反应活性（TOF值）,因此适宜的骨架Ti掺杂有利于Ti-beta分子筛催化烯烃环氧化反应。     

有机氟废水的预处理实验研究

针对有机氟难降解,有机氟废水高COD、高毒,生化性差,纯化学处理成本高的特点,考虑通过预处理降低生物毒性,提高废水可生化性,便于后续生物工艺处理。采用电催化氧化、铁碳微电解、Fenton氧化等工艺对有机氟废水进行预处理实验研究,以脱氟性能和COD去除效果为评价指标,考察3种工艺的适宜反应条件。结果表明,电催化氧化的适宜反应条件为:pH=8,电压7V;铁碳微电解的适宜反应条件为:pH=4,液固质量比为5:1时,铁碳质量比为1:1;Fenton氧化的适宜反应条件为:pH=4,H2O2和Fe2+的投加量分别为质量分数3%、114mmol/L。在此基础上,遴选出电催化氧化与铁碳微电解耦合为最佳的处理工艺。     

聚丙烯酰胺-乙二醛造纸湿强剂的合成与应用研究

研究讨论了聚丙烯酰胺-乙二醛聚合物（PAMG）湿强剂的合成制备条件;制备的产物在中性偏弱碱性（pH7—8）的体系中使用,表现出最佳的湿强效果;尤其适合在麦草浆等短纤维较多的浆料体系中使用;使用该湿强剂抄造的纸张在水中浸泡表现出暂时性的湿强效果：在PAE中添加添加10％左右PAMG,可以有效的提高PAE的湿强效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。