高分子凝胶法制备Tm~(3+)掺杂纳米ZnO及其光催化性能

为提高纳米ZnO的光催化性,以Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O、Tm(NO3)3为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,采用高分子网络凝胶法制备Tm3+掺杂纳米ZnO粉体。XRD物相分析表明:Tm3+掺杂纳米ZnO样品的物相均为六方晶系纤锌矿结构。TEM形貌观察表明:粒子基本为球形,平均粒径约为50nm。水溶液中亚甲基蓝染料在Tm3+掺杂纳米ZnO半导体光催化条件下、pH=9时,仅2h降解率就达到84.87%,比纯ZnO降解率高29.97%。     

Eu~(3+)和Gd~(3+)共掺杂TiO_2粉体的制备及催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纯TiO2和Gd3+/Eu3+共掺杂TiO2复合粉体,采用X射线衍射、漫反射光谱和扫描电镜等技术对样品进行表征,以亚甲基蓝(methyleneblue,MB)的光催化降解为目标反应评价其光催化活性,探讨Gd3+/Eu3+共掺杂对TiO2粉体光催化的影响机制。结果表明:Gd3+/Eu3+共掺杂可以显著提高TiO2粉体光催化活性。Gd3+/Eu3+共掺杂在TiO2粉体中产生协同作用,可以抑制TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石相转变,使TiO2的粒径减小。Gd3+/Eu3+共掺杂增大了TiO2粉体的晶格畸变,使TiO2粉体吸收带边蓝移。当Gd3+和Eu3+的质量掺量分别为0.05%和0.4%时,TiO2粉体光催化活性最高,降解率达到95.31%。     

可见光活性负载型Fe2O3/TiO2光催化剂的制备

以FeCl3·6H2O和TiOSO4为原料,尿素为沉淀剂,采用均匀共沉淀法制备了Fe3 掺杂的纳米TiO2粉体,并通过X射线衍射、透射电镜分析及观察粉体的相结构、形貌和粒径.以甲基橙溶液为降解对象,考察了掺杂后的粉体在紫外和可见光作用下的光催化性能并对其机理进行了探讨.结果表明:Fe3 部分固溶于TiO2的晶格;当Fe3 掺杂量＜0.8%(摩尔分数,下同)时,随铁离子掺入量的增加,TiO2的光催化性能提高;当Fe3 掺杂量为0.8%时,复合粉体的光催化性能提高15%以上;当Fe3 掺杂量＞0.8%时,随铁离子掺入量的增加,TiO2的光催化性能降低,而当Fe3 掺杂量＞1.2%时,粉体的光催化性能受到抑制,低于纯TiO2粉体.     

掺杂铁的纳米二氧化钛光催化降解对硝基苯酚的研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料,用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备了掺杂铁的纳米TiO2粉末.采用X衍射仪对粉体的物相进行了表征.样品经500℃焙烧2 h后,摩尔分数0.02%Fe3+-TiO2纳米粉末为单一的锐钛型结构.通过粉体对对硝基苯酚的降解情况进行了光催化活性测试,结果表明,与纯TiO2相比,Fe3+-TiO2的光催化活性有较大提高,当Fe3+的掺入量为摩尔分数0.02%时催化活性最高.以高压汞灯为光源,对硝基苯酚的初始浓度为50 mg·L-1、0.02%(摩尔分数)Fe3+-TiO2催化剂投加量为1.0 g·L-1时,对硝基苯酚的光催化降解效果最好.     

Bi2GeO5纳米棒的制备及其光催化性能

以硝酸铋和二氧化锗为原料、甘油和乙醇为溶剂,在不加表面活性剂条件下,通过液相反应和煅烧制备Bi2GeO5纳米棒,对其物相、形貌进行了表征,分析了其形成机理;以其为催化剂光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB). 结果表明,所制为纯Bi2GeO5材料,具有均一的棒状形貌和良好稳定的光催化活性. 随Bi2GeO5浓度增加,其催化降解RhB效果先显著提高后降低,Bi2GeO5浓度为1.5 g/L、光照150 min时光降解率最高,达90.4%. 水热过程中铋离子与乙二醇形成的配合物自组装成纳米棒状结构,与溶液中游离的锗酸根离子发生离子置换反应,形成Bi2GeO5纳米棒材料.     

Gd~(3+)和Zn~(2+)共掺杂二氧化钛介孔粉末的制备及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Gd3+和Zn2+共掺杂Ti O2粉末。研究了Gd3+和Zn2+掺杂对样品的相组成、表面形貌和光催化活性的影响;以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物评价了其光催化活性。结果表明:制备的样品为锐钛矿相并具有良好的介孔结构。Gd3+和Zn2+在抑制光生电子与空穴的复合起到不同的作用,Gd3+起到光生电子陷阱的作用,Zn2+可以在起到光生空穴陷阱的作用,Gd3+和Zn2+共同作用可以显著降低电子和空穴的复合速率,进而增大Ti O2的光催化活性。当Gd3+的掺杂量为0.5%、Zn2+的掺杂量为0.3%时,Ti O2粉末的光催化活性最高,经过40 min光催化降解亚甲基蓝溶液,降解率达到99.5%,比单掺杂0.5%Gd3+的Ti O2粉末降解率提高了11.5%,比单掺杂0.3%Zn2+的Ti O2粉末降解率提高了9.3%。     

Ag+、Cu2+协同掺杂TiO2抗菌自洁粉体的制备、表征及应用

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2,掺杂Fe3+改善纳米TiO2的光催化活性.以磷酸钙为载体,将物质的量比为1:3的Ag+、Cu2+与掺杂改性后的纳米TiO2按比例组装到载体中,制备出了抗菌自洁粉体.将抗菌自洁粉体按照一定的比例添加到普通建筑涂料中,制备出了抗菌自清洁涂料,用SEM、XRD、EDS、抗菌实验和光降解实验对样品进行测试表征.结果表明:掺杂0.2%的Fe3+能明显的改善纳米TiO2的光催化活性;磷酸钙能很好的负载金属离子和纳米TiO2;抗菌自洁粉体和抗菌自洁涂料的拟菌率分别达99.9%和98.0%,对亚甲基兰的降解率1h内均分别达到98%和90%.     

低量La~(3+)掺杂S-TiO_2光催化剂的制备、表征及其光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了La3+/S-TiO2纳米光催化剂,通过XRD、BET、XPS、UV-Vis等手段进行了表征.以甲基橙溶液为光催化降解反应的模型化合物,考察了光催化剂的活性,探讨了低量La3+掺杂对TiO2纳米粒子光催化活性的影响机制.实验结果表明:S改性TiO2后明显提高了TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活性,而La3+掺杂S-TiO2后,进一步提高了TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活性,La3+的最佳掺杂量(相对于TiO2的质量分数)为0.369%;La3+/S-TiO2(ω(La3+)=0.369%)为纳米光催化剂时,甲基橙的脱色率达到92.4%(光照120min);XRD和BET分析表明,低量La3+掺杂抑制了TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石的转变,阻碍了TiO2晶粒的生长,提高了TiO2的比表面积;XPS分析表明,S、La3+掺杂可以导致粉体的表面羟基含量增加,掺杂S以S6+形式置换TiO2晶格中的Ti4+;UV-Vis分析表明,光催化剂La3+/S-TiO2比纯TiO2具有较强的紫外光吸收性能.与纯TiO2相比,La3+掺杂TiO2纳米粒子光催化氧化活性的提高应归因于La3+掺杂增加了表面羟基含量,增大了比表...     

稀土掺杂ZnO光催化降解偏二甲肼废水研究

利用水热法制备稀土掺杂ZnO/La3+、ZnO/Ce3+、ZnO/Y3+纳米颗粒,用于光催化降解偏二甲肼废水。结果表明,掺杂ZnO颗粒大小均匀,直径在100～200 nm,纯度高。2 h后,对30 mg/L偏二甲肼废水的最大降解率分别为80.4%,82.3%,67.8%,降解率较纳米复合ZnO平均提高80%以上。     

柠檬酸改性Bi2O3光催化材料性能的研究

以Bi（NO3）3溶液为原料,浓氨水为矿化剂,在柠檬酸掺杂量为1％-3％（质量分数）的条件下制备了纳米Bi2O3粉体。以样品对水中罗丹明B的光催化降解性能为评价指标,对样品的光催化性能进行了评价。研究结果表明：采用水热合成法制备的柠檬酸改性纳米Bi2O3粉体光催化降解水中罗丹明B的反应为表观零级反应。当柠檬酸的掺杂量为1．5％时,样品的光催化性能最优,继续增加掺杂量,样品光催化性能有所下降。紫外光条件下样品的光催化性能优于日光条件下。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。