TiO2光催化降解活性艳红X-3B的研究

研究了UV—TiO2体系对典型偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B模拟废水的光催化降解效果,探讨了废水pH、H2O2用量、紫外线波长、紫外线光强等因素对降解速率的影响。结果表明：(1)模拟废水的起始pH值影响活性艳红X-3B的光催化降解,在pH=3．0—5．0时效果最佳;(2)投加少量H2O2可提高活性艳红X-3B的降解速率,但用量过大时会产生抑制作用;(3)UV光强是影响反应的外在动力,在0—50μW／cm^2范围内,光强越大降解速率越快;(4)UV波长对反应有重要影响,365nm的处理效果明显优于254nm的处理效果。     

UV／Fenton处理苯酚废水的研究

采用UV／Fenton联合体系降解苯酚模拟废水,苯酚的初始质量浓度为300mg／L,COD。的初始质量浓度为760mg／L。探讨了pH值、H202（30％）和FeSO4·7H2O投加量、反应时间等因素对苯酚和CODcr去除率的影响。结果表明,UV／Fenton联合体系降解苯酚废水的最佳工艺条件是：溶液pH值为3、H2O2投加量为2．5mL／L、FeS04·7H20投加量为0．020g／L、反应时间为90min。此时,苯酚的去除率为95％,CODcr的去除率为90％。UV／Fenton联合体系能较好地处理苯酚废水。     

氧化剂强化光催化处理焦化废水研究

焦化废水污染物浓度高、生化降解难,利用纳米TiO2粉体,以紫外光(UV)为光源,进行了光催化处理焦化废水的试验研究,考察了TiO2用量、紫外光强度、焦化废水初始pH对COD和NH+4-N去除的影响;探讨了O2、O3、H2O2和Fenton试剂4种氧化剂与光催化的协同作用机理,分析了对COD和NH+4-N去除效果的影响,得出了最佳试验条件.结果表明,氧化剂与光催化协同作用使COD和NH+4-N的降解去除率得到了显著提高.在本试验条件下各氧化剂强化光催化对COD和NH+4-N去除率排序如下:TiO2+UV+Fenton＞TiO2+UV+O3＞TiO2+UV+H2O2＞TiO2+UV+O2＞TiO2+UV.     

城市生活污水回用于电厂的组合高级氧化技术

通过实验研究比较了UV／O3、UV／TiO2以及UV／O3／TiO2等三种高级氧化技术对城市生活污水中COD和NH3-N的去除效率，重点确定了UV／O3/TiO2法的主要工艺参数。研究结果表明，对于COD、NH3-N质量浓度分别为80～200mg／L和15—25mg／L的城市污水处理厂初沉池出水，用UV／O3／TiO2法处理2h后，COD去除率达到90％，NH3-N去除率达到70％，基本达到了回用于电厂的要求。     

超声波辅助TiO2光催化降解印染废水的研究

探讨了超声波辅助TiO2提高光催化降解印染废水速度的原因,研究了超声波辅助,H2O2以及溶液初始pH值对TiO2光催化降解印染废水速率的影响;用均匀试验设计方法确定了降解印染废水的最佳条件：TiO2的投加量0．52g／L,溶液的初始pH值3．5,n(金红石型)：n(锐钛型TiO2)=1：3,质量分数为30％的H2O2的投加量3mL／L。     

酸性嫩黄染料废水臭氧氧化处理的试验研究

依据臭氧高级氧化的机理,在实验室反应器中通过实验考察在臭氧氧化处理酸性嫩黄染料废水过程中,控制不同的O3投加量、废水的初始pH值、H2O2与O3摩尔比对酸性嫩黄染料废水的色度和COD去除率的影响。结果显示：O3高级氧化能够有效降解酸性嫩黄染料废水,体系中投加H2O2可以提高降解速率,缩短处理时间,降低O3耗量。在pH=7的条件下,单一臭氧氧化30min时,废水的色度和COD去除率分别为100％和57．1％;而提高废水的pH值有助于提高COD去除率。O3／H2O2氧化工艺,适宜的H2O2与O3摩尔比为0．6,氧化处理30min废水的COD去除率可达73．3％。     

焦化废水二级生化出水中有机污染物的氯化特性

考察了O3氧化法与UV/O3氧化法对焦化废水二级生化出水中溶解性有机物的去除效果,以及二级出水中有机污染物的氧化特性。结果表明,O3氧化法对于二级出水的UV2H值具有较高的去除效率,30min内即可达75．7％,但对COD和DOC的去除效果很差,150min的去除率仅为37．1％和33.7％。而UV／O3氧化法对二级生化出水UV254．COD和DOC均具有良好的去除效果,150min时的去除率分别为95．3％。90．2％和77．8％。经过O3氧化法处理后,疏水性物质的浓度明显下降,而弱疏水有机物与亲水性有机物浓度有所上升;UV／O3氧化法处理对疏水性有机物和弱疏水有机物均具有良好的去除效果,而亲水性有机物浓度仅得到部分降低。     

TiO02光催化剂处理再生造纸废水的研究

以TiO2为催化剂，用光催化氧化法处理再生造纸废水。讨论了不同实验条件如焙烧温度、焙烧时间、催化剂用量、H2O2用量、光照时间及废水pH值等对废水COD去除率的影响。结果表明：在焙烧温度为500℃，焙烧时间2h，pH=8．0,TiO2用量为2．0g／L，H2O2量（体积分数）0．6％，光照时间4h的条件下，废水COD的去除率可达90％。     

O3/TiO2/γ-A2O3／UV降解草酸

采用臭氧与TiO2／γ-Al2O3/UV联用技术对降解草酸进行研究,考察了进气流量、草酸初始浓度、催化剂投加量,pH值及温度等因素对草酸降解的影响。研究表明,在一定范围内,随着进气流量的增加、温度的升高都会促使草酸的降解速率加快;     

Fe2＋/UV催化臭氧降解腈纶废水影响因素

研究了不同催化臭氧体系(O3、UV/O3和Fe2 /UV/O3)对腈纶废水的降解特性,Fe2 /UV催化臭氧表现出极强的COD降解性能.详细分析了pH值、Fe2 浓度,气相臭氧浓度和光强各因素对Fe2 /UV催化臭氧降解陛能的影响规律.结果表明,溶液初始pH值对其降解牲能无影响,而Fe2 浓度、气相臭氧浓度和光强影响较大.当Fe2 的优化浓度为70～80mg/L,气相臭氧浓度为20～30mg/L和光量子流密度为8.62×10-12Einstein时,催化效果最强,COD去除率最高(72%～78%).经红外光谱测试分析,废水中有机物基团经Fe2 /UV催化臭氧降解后减弱或消失,其生物降解性得到改善.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。