水解聚丙烯酰胺对原油破乳的影响

采用紫外光降解法制备了4种不同黏均相对分子质量(Mη)的聚合物溶液,并用其配制不同质量浓度的含该聚合物的原油乳液。通过测定原油乳液脱水率、界面张力和分配系数,考察了聚合物质量浓度、黏均相对分子质量及聚合物种类对原油破乳的影响。实验结果表明,聚合物种类及其黏均相对分子质量是影响原油破乳的主要因素。对于水解聚丙烯酰胺(LDHPAM),当Mη1.14×106时,相对于空白样,它对原油乳液稳定性有明显的增强作用;当Mη1.14×106时,它对原油乳液稳定性无明显影响;与LDHPAM相比,疏水缔合聚合物(AP-P4)由于分子中含有少量的疏水基团,更易吸附于油水界面,对原油乳液稳定性的影响较为显著,当AP-P4质量浓度大于等于300mg/L时,原油乳液在55℃下静置2h后的脱水率仅为20%,远低于LDHPAM的60%。     

界面性质表征二元驱驱油剂对采出液稳定性的影响

UOP Separex Flux+是现有的Separex膜系统中膜元件的替代。Separex Flux+可增加污染物的去除,如酸性气和水。与现有技术相比,其设计可增加天然气加工能力,可使生产者获取更高的效益和降低成本。除了增加系统被加工的气体量外,与现有的膜产品相比,该膜元件每单位膜面积可去除更多的二氧化碳。这有助于使下游处理单元脱瓶颈制约,对     

疏水缔合聚合物驱体系中原油乳状液性质及破乳规律

采用瓶试法考察了原油组成及疏水缔合聚合物（Hydrophobically associating polymer, HAP）质量浓度对原油乳状液稳定性的影响,用油 水界面张力、界面电性、界面扩张流变、界面剪切黏度等多个参数表征了HAP驱采出液油 水界面性质的变化规律,用一系列酚胺树脂聚醚破乳剂对模拟采出液进行破乳。结果表明,原油中胶质和沥青质是影响原油乳状液稳定的重要因素;实验浓度范围内,随着HAP浓度升高,原油乳状液稳定性增强。HAP具有界面活性,吸附在油 水界面可降低界面能,利于乳化;HAP在界面上形成交联网状结构,提升了界面膜的扩张模量和剪切模量,同时增强了界面膜的负电性,利于稳定乳状液。环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷各占一半的酚胺树脂聚醚破乳剂与1%甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）交联后,5 min即可完全将原油乳状液破乳。     

Influence of surfactants used in surfactant-polymer flooding on the stability of Gudong crude oil emulsion

The influences of an anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, used in surfactant-polymer flooding in Shengli Gudong oilfield, East China, on the interfacial properties of Gudong crude model oil and synthetic formation water was studied by measuring interfacial tension, interfacial viscoelasticity and Zeta potential. The influence of the surfactants on the stability of Gudong water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions was evaluated by separating water from the W/O emulsion and residual oil in the aqueous phase of the O/W emulsion respectively. The results showed that the two kinds of surfactants, namely anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, are both able to decrease the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the aqueous phase and increase the surface potential of the oil droplets dispersed in the O/W emulsion, which can enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W crude oil emulsions. Compared with petroleum sulfonate, the anionic-nonionic composite surfactant is more interfacially active and able to enhance the strength of the interfacial film between oil and water, hence enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W emulsions more effectively.     

降压脱气对溶CO2原油乳液中水滴稳定性的影响

通过对CO₂在油/水/乳液中的溶解度、溶CO₂原油的流动性、溶CO₂后油-水间的界面特性、溶CO₂原油乳液的稳定性、油-水界面压力变化的测试与计算,分析溶CO₂原油乳液在降压脱气过程中水滴稳定性的变化规律。结果表明：溶CO2原油乳液中,沥青质等界面活性物质能够迅速地迁移并吸附于油-水界面,并微弱提高油相对CO₂的溶解能力,并使得油-水界面张力快速降低,界面弹性模量增大,降低界面扩张损耗角;溶入CO₂能够降低油相黏度,提高水滴沉降速率,使得原油乳液的分油率增大;降压脱气时,水相中CO₂气泡的析出、长大,迫使水滴膨胀,降低界面上活性物质的浓度,减小了油-水界面压力,使得水滴的聚结稳定性变差,增大了原油乳液的分水率。     

EFFECT OF ASPHALTENE AND RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF WATER-IN-WAXY OIL EMULSIONS

Asphaltene, resins and paraffin waxes, their mutual interactions and their influence on the stability of water-in-oil emulsions have been studied. 20 wt % paraffin wax dissolved in decalin was used to model the waxy crude oil. Asphaltene and resins separated from a crude oil were used to stabilize the water-in-oil emulsions. Synthetic formation water was utilized as the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The emulsion stability increased with increasing the concentration of asphaltene with a subsequent decrease in the average particle size distribution of the emulsion. Resins alone are not capable of stabilizing the emulsion, however, in the presence of asphaltene they form very stable emulsions. Dynamic viscosity and pour point measurements provided evidence for resins-paraffin waxes interactions. Asphaltene in the form of solid aggregates form suitable nuclei for the wax crystallites to build over with a mechanism similar to that of paraffin wax crystal-modifiers. As asphaltene are polar in nature they are derived at the oil/water interface which was proved by the ability of asphaltene to reduce oil/water interfacial tension. Consequently, nucleation of the wax crystallites by asphaltene and resins at the interface will add to the thickness of the oil-water interfacial film and hence increase the stability of the emulsion.     

EFFECT OF ASPHALTENE AND RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF WATER-IN-WAXY OIL EMULSIONS

ABSTRACT

Asphaltene, resins and paraffin waxes, their mutual interactions and their influence on the stability of water-in-oil emulsions have been studied. 20 wt % paraffin wax dissolved in decalin was used to model the waxy crude oil. Asphaltene and resins separated from a crude oil were used to stabilize the water-in-oil emulsions. Synthetic formation water was utilized as the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The emulsion stability increased with increasing the concentration of asphaltene with a subsequent decrease in the average particle size distribution of the emulsion. Resins alone are not capable of stabilizing the emulsion, however, in the presence of asphaltene they form very stable emulsions. Dynamic viscosity and pour point measurements provided evidence for resins-paraffin waxes interactions. Asphaltene in the form of solid aggregates form suitable nuclei for the wax crystallites to build over with a mechanism similar to that of paraffin wax crystal-modifiers. As asphaltene are polar in nature they are derived at the oil/water interface which was proved by the ability of asphaltene to reduce oil/water interfacial tension. Consequently, nucleation of the wax crystallites by asphaltene and resins at the interface will add to the thickness of the oil-water interfacial film and hence increase the stability of the emulsion.     

聚合物类型对油水界面性质影响研究

采用平面张力仪和表面粘弹性仪研究了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）和疏水缔合聚合物（HAP）对油水界面性质的影响研究结果表明,疏水缔合聚合物HAP可以显著降低煤油／模拟水体系界面张力,但对模拟油／模拟水体系界面张力影响较小;部分水解聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物CA对煤油／模拟水和模拟油／模拟水体系界面张力无明显影响。无论是煤油／模拟水体系还是模拟油／模拟水体系．随聚合物溶液浓度的增加,部分水解聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物CA均使体系界面剪切粘度逐渐增大。而疏水缔合聚合物HAP均使体系的界面剪切粘度先增加,后降低,而后再增加。部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）相对分子质量较大时,HPAM溶液／模拟油体系的界面剪切粘度较大。     

管输压力下实时记录式天然气发热量测定设备的开发

通过破乳脱水实验及界面性质研究了HPAM、吡咯林及其二元驱体系对原油乳状液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:加入浓度为100mg/L不同驱油剂后均使破乳剂BSE-238对原油乳状液的脱水率降低15%以上,SV值均增大,不同驱油剂均增强了原油乳状液的稳定性。含驱油剂的乳状液体系破乳后水相电导率增大、Zeta电位负值增大,破乳脱出水中含油量增大、油滴粒径减小。不同驱油剂影响乳状液稳定性的机理不同:HPAM对体系界面张力无明显影响,是通过增大体系黏度增强其稳定性;吡咯林对乳状液体系黏度无影响,大大降低油水界面张力而增强乳状液稳定性;两种驱油剂协同作用,使二元驱采出液更加稳定。     

长庆油包水乳状液的稳定性与沥青质含量的关系

以长庆轻质原油为例,探讨了原油组分对乳状液稳定性的影响规律;采用煤油萃取轻质组分及二 甲苯溶解沥青质两种方法证实了沥青质是稳定轻质油包水乳状液的主要因素;采用流变仪、布氏黏度计 和光学显微镜等仪器测定了含水原油乳状液界面膜强度、油相黏度和乳状液尺寸。结果表明,取决于沥 青质的油 水界面膜强度和油相黏度是影响原油乳状液稳定性的主要因素,沥青质含量越高,油 水界 面膜强度和油相黏度越大,乳状液越稳定。     

原油乳状液稳定性研究Ⅰ界面压与乳状液稳定性

影响油包水型原油乳状液稳定性的最重要的因素是包在水滴周围的具有一定强度的界面膜的存在.从热力学角度看,加入表而活性剂会降低界面张力,而界面张力越低,乳状液就越稳定这可部分解释表面活性剂能稳定乳状液的原因但彭响乳状液稳定性的更重要的是动力学问题界而膜的强度是影响乳状液稳定性动力学的最重要的因素之一,而界血压则是与界面膜强度密切相关的重要参数通过理论分析和对以胶质、沥青质组分为表而活性剂乳化形成的乳化液稳定性与界面压的研究,证明界面压(而不是界面张力)是度量乳状液稳定性的一个重要参数L当表而活性剂类型一定时.可以用界面压的大小来衡量乳状液稳定性的高低.     

微观液滴分布对含蜡原油乳状液流变性的影响

通过显微镜观察并拍摄原油乳状液的微观结构图像,研究了乳状液体系分散相液滴大小及分布规律,以及微观液滴分布对乳状液体系流变性的影响机理。W/O型原油乳状液中含水率增加,引起内相液滴个数增多,小液滴所占的比例减小,相对大的液滴所占的比例增大;搅拌转速的增大,使体系内相液滴个数增多,平均液滴直径减小。通过测试在固定搅拌条件下制备的不同含水率的3种含蜡原油乳状液在原油凝点附近温度屈服特性和触变性等流变特性,可以发现随含水率的增大,乳状液体系屈服应力增大、触变性增强,且含水率越高,变化的趋势越明显。通过测试不同搅拌转速下制备的含水率为30% 的原油乳状液在原油凝点附近温度的触变性,可以看出随搅拌转速的增大,体系经受同等剪切速率剪切时对应的剪切应力增大、触变性增强。进一步建立了屈服应力与测试温度、含水率之间的关系式,其平均相对误差为9.83%。     

Influences of water treatment agents on oil-water interfacial properties of oilfield produced water

The emulsion stability of oilfield produced water is related to the oil-water interfacial film strength and the zeta potential of the oil droplets. We investigated the effects of water treatment agents (corrosion inhibitor SL-2, scale inhibitor HEDP, germicide 1227, and flocculant polyaluminium chloride PAC) on the stability of oilfield produced water. The influence of these treatment agents on oil-water interfacial properties and the mechanism of these agents acting on the oilfield produced water were studied by measuring the interfacial shear viscosity, interfacial tension and zeta electric potential. The results indicated that the scale inhibitor HEDP could increase the oil-water interfacial film strength, and it could also increase the absolute value of the zeta potential of oil droplets. HEDP played an important role in the stability of the emulsion. Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) reduced the stability of the emulsion by considerably decreasing the absolute value of the zeta potential of oil droplets. Corrosion inhibitor SL-2 and germicide 1227 could decrease the oil-water interfacial tension, whereas they had little influence on oil-water interfacial shear viscosity and oil-water interfacial electricity properties.     

原油乳状液油-水界面上活性物的结构和活性

通过综合的方法分离出大庆原油和胜利原油乳状液油-水界面上的活性物，用元素分析、红外、核磁、色质联用等方法分析其化学结构，并在油饿水模型体系中测定了它们的动态界面张力，考察其化学结构与界面活性之间的关系。结果表明，水相的pH值影响原油中的含氧化合物在油．水界面膜上的吸附；沥青、胶质和蜡是界面活性物的主要成分，对油-水界面膜的形成和稳定起着重要的作用；原油的酸性组分对油-水界面膜的动态界面张力有着决定性的影响。     

LBT系列双功能水处理剂在油田的应用

湖北省化学研究所研制开发的LBT系列水处理剂,是具有一定分子量范围和阳离子度的季铵盐类聚合物,其中LBT1和LBT3已在辽河油田和河南油田用于采出液抽水分离,含水原油破乳脱水及脱出水净化等方面,通过改变聚合物组成及有关物化参数,LBT对稠油油田和稀油油田,水驱开发油田和化学驱油田都能适应,本文介绍LBT在辽河和洒南油田的应用研究结果。     

大庆原油与碱作用机理研究

 采用四组分分离法将大庆原油分离为饱和分、芳香分、胶质和沥青质，并用醇碱萃取法提取原油中的酸Ⅰ组分和酸Ⅱ组分。分别考察了各组分模拟油与水及碱体系的界面张力、界面剪切黏度，以及模拟油与碱长时间反应所形成的乳状液稳定性。结果表明，大庆原油中能降低油-水界面张力的主要活性组分是与碱反应较快的酸；对模拟油与碱体系形成的W/O型乳状液起稳定作用的主要组分是其中与碱反应较慢的、支链较多的大分子酸及酯类。大庆原油饱和分中存在着与碱发生慢反应的酯类。原油、原油组分模拟油与 碱反应初期，易形成O/W型乳状液，反应后期乳状液由O/W型向W/O型转变。醇碱萃取法只能萃取出与碱发生快速反应的酸组分，而不能将与碱反应较慢的相对分子质量较大的酸或酯类萃取出来。     

原油乳状液稳定性研究 Ⅱ.原油成分对原油乳状液稳定性的影响

原血成分的表面活性物质及其细微固体颗粒,在油水界面上相互作用是原油乳状液其有稳定性的主要原因。本文采用简单的方法将原油中众多的物质分成两大类,并根椐它们单独时或混合后对癸烷/水乳状液稳定性作用的特征,将其分别称为原油乳化剂和原油破乳剂。试验表明,原油乳状液稳定性的高低主要取决于所含的这两大类物质的多少和相对比例,其相对重要性可由界面张力定性地反映出来;并且由原油/水界面张力的大小可以定性地评估原油乳状液的稳定性。     

Demulsifier performance at low temperature in a low permeability reservoir

The crude oil in Longdong area is produced in the form of emulsion containing associated oil and water, which needs to be separated before dispatch to end user. Chemical demulsification under high temperature is the most widely used technology to break the emulsions. In this study a rheological method was used to determine the curve of viscosity-temperature and lower limit of temperature was determined. A series of experiments on low-temperature commercial demulsifies were implemented for studying demulsification performance by bottle test method. Mechanism of low-temperature demulsifier was studied by using spinning drop interfacial tensiometer to determine interfacial tension between the crude oil and demulsifier solution by considering the concentration. Turbiscan stability analyzer was used to study the effect of water content, temperature, and demulsifier concentration on emulsion stability. The corresponding relationship between interfacial tension and demulsification was verified through the study of low-temperature demulsifier effect on interfacial tension. Efficient low-temperature demulsifiers AR102, AR901, PR929, and PRC06 were selected. PRC06 was chosen to be the best at 40°C, and when the optimal concentration was 200 mg/L, dehydration rate was 99.51%.     

2-D智能纳米黑卡稳定乳状液的机理*

为揭示二维纳米片状材料(黑卡)对乳状液稳定性的影响,以扶余油田长春岭和三队区块原油为例,在水油体积比为7∶3的条件下,研究质量分数为0.005%的2-D智能纳米黑卡流体对原油乳状液稳定性的影响。通过稳定性分析仪和界面流变仪表征乳状液稳定性大小和界面膜强度,通过观察乳状液的微观形状和粒径分布分析黑卡增强乳状液稳定性的机理。研究结果表明,黑卡尺寸约为70×100(nm),厚度为0.65数1.2 nm。在原油和0.01%稳定剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)组成的乳状液中加入黑卡后形成Pickering乳状液,乳状液的析水速度变慢,乳状液的稳定析水率从75.71%数78.57%降至65.71%数72.86%;乳状液稳定性提高,稳定性指数(TSI)值由4.73数5.64降至2.71数3.84;乳状液膜的强度增强,体系流变学特征由黏性转变为明显的弹性。黑卡作用的Pickering乳状液的背散射光曲线可分为乳状液破乳区、过渡区和乳状液聚并区3个区域。黑卡能改变稳定剂亲水-亲油平衡,将W/O型乳状液转变为O/W型乳状液,形成液滴尺寸为0.1数5μm大小的乳状液,大幅降低原油黏度。黑卡同时具有亲水-亲油两亲性质,可通过自吸附定向排布于液膜上,增加液膜强度,提高乳状液稳定性。图21表3参22。     

原油复配破乳剂的配方设计

研究了水相pH值、非离子破乳剂和助剂对沙轻原油、阿曼原油、杰诺原油、胜利原油乳液稳定性的影响 ,考察了破乳剂与助剂的协同效应。结果表明 :沙轻原油在水相 pH =6～ 7时乳液的稳定性最差 ;破乳剂通过降低界面张力和使沥青质胶团向油相解缔而破坏乳液的稳定性 ;有机小分子助剂改变界面极性环境或增加芳香度使沥青质增溶而破坏乳液的稳定性 ,它们与破乳剂有很好的协同效应