农业信贷资金配置的经济效应——基于面板数据单位根检验、协整检验及误差修正模型

利用Cobb-Douglas生产函数建立农业信贷投入与农业经济增长的模型,基于中部地区1978-2007年的面板数据,运用单位根检验、协整检验以及误差修正模型对中部地区农业信贷投入与农业经济增长之间的关系进行短期和长期的分析.结果显示:中部地区农业信贷投入与农业经济增长存在长期双向因果关系,在短期只存在农业经济增长引导农业信贷投入的单向因果关系,即农村金融发展为需求导向型,农业信贷的投入并没有成为促进农业经济增长的原因.在此基础上,提出了农村金融体制改革的相关政策和建议.     

海南省农业结构调整对农业经济发展的实证分析

通过Pearson相关系数值以及建立回归模型2种方式分别对农业经济增长的关系进行分析.结果表明,海南省农业(种植业)与农业经济增长并无明显的相关性;林业比重与农业经济增长有显著的负相关关系;牧业、渔业比重与农业经济增长有显著的正相关关系.2008年海南省的农业产业结构与1990年农业产业结构相似系数为0.93,说明在1991～2008年期间的海南省农业结构调整对其农业经济发展有很大的贡献.     

资本投入、技术进步、产权制度变迁与经济增长——基于广东的实证研究

将产权制度变迁因素引入经济增长模型,利用广东省的时间序列数据实证检验资本投入、技术进步与产权制度变迁对广东经济增长的影响.可以发现,资本投入是广东经济高速增长的主要驱动力,产权制度民营化改革通过改善激励机制和资源配置成为推动广东经济增长的重要因素,技术进步是推动广东经济增长的另一重要因素.广东经济未来要保持持续增长,应减少对资本投入的依赖性,增加科技研发投入,大力发展高新技术产业尤其是具有更好激励机制的民营科技产业,推动技术进步.     

中国西部地区金融发展的经济效应(1952-2008)

基于金融发展与经济增长理论,运用西部地区1952-2008年的时间序列数据,通过单位根检验、协整检验、Granger因果关系检验以及方差分解,对我国西部地区金融发展与经济增长的关系进行了研究.结果显示:西部地区金融发展规模长期促进了经济的增长,但金融发展效率即贷存比长期对经济增长产生了抑制作用,而农业信贷资金的投入也没能成为促进经济增长的重要因素.在此基础上,提出深化金融体制改革,推出多层次、多元性的金融产品,调整和优化业务品种结构,强化对于农业信贷资金的监管力度等促进西部地区金融发展与经济增长政策.     

中日韩自由贸易协议对中国农业的经济与环境影响研究——基于可计算局部均衡模型的分析

在2010年中日韩领导人会议上,三国政府表示将推动中日韩自由贸易协议(CJKFTA:China-Japan-Korea Free Trade Agreement)的签署,加快三国贸易自由化进程.我国农产品在三国贸易中占有比较优势,在出口增加的同时,也可能拉动国内生产规模的扩大,造成环境影响.为了提高我国政府在中日韩区域经济一体化谈判进程中对农业环境问题的重视程度,并为其提供环境决策依据,需要定量分析CJKFTA对中国农业的环境影响.采用"贸易-经济-环境"链式反应评价方法(CRAM)及其框架下的可计算局部均衡(CPE)模型,能够利用更具时效性的数据,深入到微观产业乃至产品层面,比较直观而清晰地定量分析一项贸易政策的经济、环境影响.按照贸易自由化程度的不同,设置了低、中、高三种政策情景,对CJKFTA下与农产品相关的贸易政策进行分析.模拟结果表明:CJKFTA的实施将会促进我国农业的发展,表现为农产品贸易量和产量的增长;同时也可能对环境产生一定程度的负面影响,包括COD、TN、TP、农药、农膜、温室气体等污染物排放量的增加,以及水资源消耗量的增大.因此,如何出台配套政策以缓冲CJKFTA下中国农业的不利环境影响,是值得关注和重视的课题.     

加快推动福建农民合作经济组织的发展——评《福建农民合作经济组织制度创新研究》

农民合作组织的产生与发展是适应农业市场经济的客观要求,也农业生产力发展的必然选择.中国农民合作组织的迅速发展,是解决"三农"问题有效的途径之一.近年来,福建农民合作组织发展呈现快速发展势头,对促进福建农业经济增长、推动农业产业化进程、扶持农民增产增收以及创新农业经营体制、转变农业经营方式方面发挥不可或缺的作用.     

股权分置改革前后股票市场与经济增长关系的实证研究

利用Johansen协整模型,对股权分置改革前后我国股票市场与经济增长的关系进行检验,实证检验结果显示,股权分置改革前后股票市场与经济增长均存在某种长期均衡关系.对比分析发现,股权分置改革后股票市场与经济增长的相关性更为明显,即股权分置改革作为政策变迁因素显著地提高了股票市场对经济增长的影响.     

健康人力资本与经济增长的关系研究——基于农村和城市的比较分析

选取农村和城市的相关数据,利用协整检验、误差修正模型和格兰杰因果检验分别分析农村和城市的健康人力资本投资和其经济增长的关系,比较研究健康资本投资效率.结果表明:健康资本促进经济增长,农村健康资本投资的边际收益高于城市.政府在农村卫生事业中有"缺位"现象存在.在此基础上提出增加政府对农村卫生事业投入,大力发展农村医疗保健事业的建议.     

攀钢高速重轨神经网络性能预报模型研究

提高重轨钢的性能控制能力对其产品质量保证有重要作用.采用神经网络方法建立了重轨生产性能预报模型,并通过模型结构优化提高了模型预报的可靠性.通过模型自检、历史数据检验和离线应用,表明高速重轨的抗拉强度与伸长率预报命中率较高,可基本满足生产要求.     

农业标准化政府补贴行为的博弈分析析

农业标准化能提高农产品质量,同时因其对技术要求提高使成本增加,致使农户和企业缺乏农业标准化动力.采用供求模型和纳什均衡模型对农业标准化过程中利益主体(政府、企业、农户)的行为关系进行分析,结果表明,农业标准化生产对农民收入的影响取决于其带给农民的利润情况;农户、企业和政府三方面主体要实现纳什均衡,作为理性行为人的政府必须给予标准化生产的农户和企业补贴.基于此,提出明确财政补贴实施机制、保证充分的补贴资金来源、加强技术创新、提高农户标准化意识等政策建议.     

废水循环利用技术在电解锰生产中的实践应用

湿法冶炼电解金属锰生产过程中,需要使用大量的水进行冷却、冲氨、清洗等,水资源消耗量大,同时产生大量的工业废水,对环境保护造成极大的压力。对中信大锰矿业有限责任公司大新电解金属锰厂采用“零排放”废水处理工艺作了介绍,对工业废水实行源头控制、分类处理、循环使用,废水的处理取得了一定效果。     

Effective immunity to dental caries: passive transfer to rats to antibodies to Streptococcus mutans elicits protection

Rat dams, given intravenous injections of heat-killed Streptococcus mutans 6715, mutant C211 demonstrated significant agglutinin activity to the homologous S. mutans in colostrum, milk, and serum. This antibody activity was associated with the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class. High titers of anti-S. mutans antibody associated with the IgG class were also exhibited in the sera and saliva of the offspring that suckled these dams. After challenge with the homologous, live S. mutans, these offspring developed significantly fewer caries on all molar surfaces than did nonimmunized infected controls. A secretory immune response (manifested by the presence of specific IgA antibody to S. mutans in colostrum and milk) was elicited (i) in rat dams locally injected, in the region of the mammary gland, with heat-killed S. mutans antigen, and (ii) in other rat dams that were provided formalin-killed S. mutans in their drinking water. Offspring suckling these dams were challenged with virulent S. mutans before weaning and developed significantly fewer caries than did their infected controls. These findings clearly suggest that passively derived IgG or IgA antibodies to S. mutans are protective against dental caries.     

Counseling patients to quit smoking. What to say, when to say it, and how to use your time to advantage

Helping patients stop smoking is one of the most important--and frustrating--services primary care physicians can provide. Many physicians are reluctant to spend time talking about tobacco use with patients who show little or no interest in changing their habits. Fortunately, specific technique have been identified that can make the task easier. This article from the distinguished Nicotine Dependence Center of the Mayo Clinic looks at the "best practices" for dealing with nicotine dependence.     

Glutamic acid decarboxylase--gene to antigen to disease

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) enzymes catalyse the formation of gamma-aminobuturic acid (GABA), which is a major transmitter in the central nervous system but also exerts functions in peripheral organs. Recent-molecular analyses have revealed surprising new roles for the GAD isoforms in human diseases of autoimmune character including neurological disorders and insulin-dependent diabetes. In the 1995 Frontiers in Medicine Symposium, the co-authors of this review discussed the genetics, cell biology, molecular immunology and the role of GAD as autoantigens in human autoimmunity. Studies on disease diagnosis, prediction, and prognosis have revealed unique patterns of reactivities in both cellular and humoral immune responses. Further work will be needed to establish whether the GAD molecules can be used to treat autoimmune diseases.     

Reply to Hyman and to Levy.

Replies to the objections of A. Hyman (1981) and S. M. Levy (1981) concerning the author's (see record 1980-10503-001) rejection of psychotherapy as the treatment of choice in health-habit modification (HHM). The case is restated for a shift away from an emphasis on intrapsychic variables in HHM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multimedia to teach urology to medical students

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that an interactive multimedia-based computer application may be used to teach urology to undergraduate medical students. METHODS: Third-year medical students rotating on their urology clerkship were studied. Student knowledge was measured with a multiple choice test administered in a pretest-post-test experimental design. The educational intervention was a multimedia-based application that presented a clinical module on hematuria, using natural language-like entries. Student attitudes toward the multimedia application were assessed by a survey. RESULTS: Twenty-three consecutive third-year medical students participated. Mean pretest and post-test scores +/- standard deviation were 35%+/-11% versus 74%+/-17%, respectively, P<0.0001. Student questionnaire responses indicated highly positive opinions that the multimedia-based module was easy to use, was fun, provided natural patient responses, had clear exercises, provided immediate feedback, was educational, and had a nonthreatening format, and that the multiple choice questions were clear and fair. CONCLUSIONS: Multimedia-based education may be used to teach urology to undergraduate medical students.