乳酸发酵液电渗析过程中氨基酸的迁移现象

使用三室双极膜电渗析法处理乳酸发酵液时,杂质氨基酸的迁移会影响回收乳酸的纯度. 通过对乳酸发酵液电渗析过程中氨基酸迁移现象的研究,发现各种不同氨基酸的迁移速率主要受其初始浓度、pI值与料室pH值的差值、阴离子交换膜对其选择性及其自身电迁移率的影响. 根据此规律,建立了离子迁移速率计算模型,通过与实际过程比较,表明其可有效预测杂质氨基酸的迁移情况,估算特定体系达到预定收率时的纯度. 实验验证结果表明,氨基酸的迁移率为32.5%,与对照实验(82.6%)相比,降低率为60.7%. 通过调节氢渗漏控制料室pH值、提高阴膜对乳酸的专一选择性等可控制氨基酸向酸室迁移,以获取更高的乳酸纯度.     

电渗析-超滤耦合技术研究进展

电渗析-超滤耦合技术（EDUF）是一项用于分离带电有机物的新型技术,用超滤膜替换一部分离子交换膜,或将超滤膜嵌入到传统电渗析器中,从而形成一种超滤与电渗析内部结合的新型分离技术。该技术一方面利用超滤膜的孔径差异性分离不同分子量的带电有机物,另一方面利用电驱动原理克服压力驱动式超滤膜的膜污染问题,在营养食品、生物制药等领域用于分离提纯活性有机物组分,展示出了良好的应用优势。本文聚焦于电渗析-超滤耦合技术的产生和发展,详细介绍了该技术的技术原理及应用优势,重点阐述了影响其分离效率的主要因素,包括pH、超滤膜切割分子量（MWCO）、电场强度、膜对结构等。最后,从提高分离效率、降低系统能耗、超滤膜材质、水解液预处理、系统泄漏等角度提出了未来的研究方向,为该技术的研究和应用提供指导。     

选择性电渗析：机遇与挑战

电渗析海水制盐、氯碱工业中的盐水精制、盐湖提锂以及冶金行业中的废酸废碱资源化,均要求实现相同电荷不同价态的离子分离,因此离子精准分离是化工生产中的重要一环。选择性电渗析是将电渗析中普通阴阳离子交换膜替换为具有一/多价分离特性的离子膜,进而实现离子的选择性分离。本文详细介绍了一/二价离子膜分离机理以及制备路线;同时也对选择性电渗析的主要膜堆结构以及工作原理进行了阐述;详细介绍了选择性电渗析目前在离子分离中的应用与机遇;指出了选择性电渗析在应用中面临着投资成本高、稳定性较差、容易发生浓差极化等挑战;最后在膜堆构造优化、多过程耦合以及工业化制膜等方面进行了展望。     

BPM2型双极膜电渗析装置的研制

目前国内能正式应用的双极膜电渗析装置比较缺乏,根据双极膜装置的特点与要求,参考国内外先进的电渗析装置的有关技术,研制出适合双极膜电渗析过程的装置.该装置具有耐腐蚀(耐强酸、强碱、有机溶剂)、膜堆体积小(隔板厚度为0.6mm),有效膜面积比率大、密封效果好、防漏电,防内漏、阻力小、电流效率高、使用寿命长、可以多次反复拆装等特点.本文介绍了装置的主要构成、特性及测试情况,并对几种典型的双极膜过程进行陛能测试,发现其各种性能比文献报道的装置均有所改进,从而为我国双极膜的推广应用提供成型的装置以及为理论研究提供研究平台.     

电渗析技术在氨基酸生产中的应用

电渗析技术是在电场力作用下利用离子交换膜的选择透过性对电解质溶液进行分离提纯的一种技术.从不同膜组合方式出发,介绍了电渗析技术在各种氨基酸生产和分离中的应用,并提出将新型电渗析技术运用到氨基酸工业中的展望.     

基于膜技术分离纯化乳清蛋白的研究进展

乳清废水有机负荷高,若直接排放将引起严重的环境污染,且造成蛋白质资源的浪费。因此,乳清废水资源化利用日益受到人们的关注。本文简要介绍了乳清蛋白组成、特性及其应用,归纳了近年来膜技术在乳清资源化利用方面的应用。首先介绍了压力驱动膜技术中超滤和荷电超滤在乳清蛋白分离和浓缩方面的应用,此后重点介绍了电驱动膜过程中电超滤（EUF）和电渗析耦合超滤体系（EDUF）在乳清蛋白以及活性肽分离回收领域的应用最新进展,并针对乳清蛋白分离过程中的膜污染现象进行了分析,提出膜污染过程的影响因素及控制措施,以期为乳清的资源化利用提供有益参考。最后指出了膜技术在单个乳清蛋白的分离回收方面以及工业化放大等方面仍存在一定局限性,并对此提出了解决方案及其未来的发展方向。     

压力驱动及电驱动膜法水软化技术研究现状与展望

水的软化处理是将硬水中的Ca、Mg等可溶性盐除去的过程,是脱盐及盐资源化工序的工程化运行和饮用水安全保障过程中至关重要的一环。本文介绍了以分盐型纳滤为代表的压力驱动膜过程和以选择性电渗析为代表的电驱动膜过程在水软化中的基本原理,综述了相关工艺应用于水软化过程的技术研究进展,详细分析了多种膜法水软化系统的技术特点和优劣势,对分盐型纳滤与选择性电渗析进行了对比,并对未来膜法水软化技术的可能研究方向进行了展望。     

1,3-丙二醇发酵液脱盐技术研究进展

1,3-丙二醇(PDO)是新型纤维PTT的关键原料,可通过化学法和生物发酵法生产,在生物发酵法生产PDO过程中,菌体代谢过程产生有机酸,发酵过程通过自控流加液碱调节发酵液pH值为中性,发酵结束时发酵液液中有2%~3%的盐,目前PDO发酵液脱盐的技术有离子交换、电渗析、双极膜电渗析、刮板蒸发等,本文对这几种脱盐技术进行了综述和比较,为该领域的从业人员提供参考。     

双极膜电渗析技术在制酸领域的研究进展

介绍了近年来为提高双极膜性能出现的新型制备工艺,分析了不同膜堆构型在酸制备过程中的适用性。综述了双极膜电渗析技术在制备有机酸、无机酸领域的最新研究进展,特别是将双极膜电渗析技术与现有技术的耦合应用方面以降低双极膜电渗析制酸成本,提高其市场竞争力。最后对实现制酸产业"零排放"的前景进行了展望。     

电流与浓差对逆电渗析电堆内质量传递的影响

以氯化钠溶液作为工质情况下,通过改变逆电渗析电堆输出电流和溶液浓差,对由5对Selemion型离子交换膜(IEMs)单元电池所构成的实验用RED电堆进行堆内质量传递规律的实验研究。研究结果发现,IEMs选择性系数(α)、溶剂透膜渗透速率(vw)、溶质透膜迁移通量(JNaCl)和同价离子透膜扩散率(DNaCl)均受电堆电流密度和溶液浓差的影响。当溶液浓差增大时,α降低,而vw、JNaCl和DNaCl均增大;当电流密度增大时,α和vw降低,JNaCl和DNaCl增大。     

Lactic acid production by electrodialysis Part II: Modelling

One interesting alternative to the usual end-of-pipe processes for treating waste water produced during cheese-making involves its fermentation to sodium lactate. Then, electrodialysis can be used to recover free lactic acid from the fermentation broth. The design and optimization of such a process is aided by a suitable mathematical model. This work presents a model of the performance of an electrodialysis stack to be used in such a process. Its reliability has been assessed by comparison with experimental data for free lactic acid recovery from sodium lactate solutions. A suitable procedure for estimating some process-dependent parameters is also discussed.     

Recovery of alpha-ketoglutaric acid from model fermentation broth using electrodialysis with bipolar membrane

ABSTRACT

A bipolar (BP) membrane electrodialysis (EDBM) was used to recover the alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) from the model broth. A two-chamber EDBM membrane stack consisting of an anion exchange membrane and a BP membrane was used. The effect of the initial composition, applied current density, and pH of diluate on the efficiency of EDBM processes was investigated. The obtained results showed that the used membrane stack configuration allows complete separation of AKG from glucose and ethanol and simultaneous conversion of AKG salts to the acidic form. The scale-up of the EDBM process for model fermentation broth was also carried out.     

Demineralization of glutamine fermentation broth by electrodialysis

The application of electrodialysis technology in demineralization of glutamine fermentation broth was studied. We used the one-dimension Nernst—planck equation to describe the process of demineralization of the glutamine fermentation broth system, did the theoretical calculation on the demineralization ratio and the loss rate of glutamine, and made a comparison with the experimental results. The results show: the one-dimension Nernst—Planck equation can describe the process of electrodialysis demineralization of the fermentation broth system, there is a little deviation between the result of the theoretical calculation and the experimental result, and the loss rate of glutamine in the experimental data is a little higher than that in the theoretical calculation. Moreover, we also investigated the change of the current efficiency of the simulation feed solution and fermentation broth in the electrodialysis along with the process of demineralization. The current efficiency decreases a little along with the process of demineralization, and the current efficiency in the fermentation broth is lower than that in the simulation feed solution.     

电渗析在发酵法制有机酸中的应用

介绍了电渗析的基本原理及电渗析器的结构类型，综述了电渗析在有机酸提取中的应用以及有机酸发酵与电渗析分离耦合的研究进展。     

Removal of hardness in fermentation broth by electrodialysis

Lysine fermentation broth was desalinated by electrodialysis to reduce hardness concentrations as a pretreatment procedure for the purification and recovery of amino acids. Electrodialysis performance was investigated in terms of the rate of reduction in conductivity in dilute solutions and electrodialysis cell resistance for different ion exchange membranes at a constant current density. Among the membranes investigated in this study, membranes with high water content showed the better performance for hardness removal. Fouling experiments revealed that organics gave rise to fouling effects on the anion exchange membrane during demineralization of the lysine fermentation broth. The pulsed electric field with the half‐wave power enhanced the electrodialysis performances by mitigating membrane fouling in desalination of the lysine fermentation broth. This study successfully demonstrated the potential use of pulse power as an effective cleaning‐in‐place (CIP) method during electrodialysis of fermentation broth. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Lactic acid production by electrodialysis Part I: Experimental tests

Lactic acid, the production of which from cheap raw materials is attractive due to its great potential in the production of biodegradable polymers, can be obtained from fermentation broths using electrodialysis. This work discusses the feasibility of this process using commercial membranes, together with the influence of several operating parameters on the electrodialysis stack performance. It was found that it is possible to operate with high current efficiency values, while the overall recovery of sodium lactate depends on the current density. Electroosmotic water transport limits the maximum concentration value achievable using this technique.     

生物基有机酸提取分离技术研究进展

有机酸如乳酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、衣康酸、苹果酸等在工业上有重要应用,随着食品、医药、化学合成等工业的发展,有机酸需求骤增,发酵生产有机酸逐渐成为生物工程领域中一个重要而成熟的分支,但存在产物浓度低、成分复杂、后处理量大等问题. 有机酸亲水性好、不同有机酸物理化学性质相近等特点导致产物分离提纯困难,成为制约生物法生产有机酸的瓶颈. 分离发酵液中有机酸的方法主要有沉淀法、萃取法、吸附法、离子交换法、膜分离法、电渗析法和酯化法等. 通过各种分离方法的对比,发现单一的分离方法很难有效分离有机酸. 集成不同分离方法,可简化分离工艺,分离效果更好. 此外,采用新型分离耦合技术,可实现有机酸的连续或半连续生产,是未来发酵行业的一个重要发展方向.     

Structural effects of ion‐exchange membrane on the separation of L‐phenylalanine (L‐Phe) from fermentation broth using electrodialysis

The effects of membrane structure on the separation of L ‐phenylalanine (L ‐Phe) by electrodialysis from a fermentation broth and on the fouling tendency were investigated in this study. Two anion‐exchange membranes (Neosepta AFX and AM‐1, Tokuyama, Japan) were selected and characterized using the chronopotentiometry method. For a fresh membrane, AFX showed a lower electrical resistance and a lower permselectivity than AM‐1. After being fouled with humic acid, however, the electrical resistance of AFX was higher than that of AM‐1. The L ‐Phe selectivities for both membranes were lower than those of the fresh membranes. The result may be attributed to the structural difference between AFX and AM‐1 membranes. AFX has a lower repulsion force against the co‐ion and could be more strongly affected by the foulants than AM‐1 because AFX has a more porous structure than AM‐1. Experiments on the separation of L ‐Phe from the fermentation broth were carried out using two different stack configurations, ie desalting electrodialysis and water‐splitting electrodialysis. It was observed that the recovery efficiency of L ‐Phe through electrodialysis for 100 min reached 95% for AFX and 85% for AM‐1. In the desalting configuration of electrodialysis, the solution pH must be adjusted to alkaline conditions to recover the L ‐Phe through the anion‐exchange membrane. On the contrary, it was possible to recover the L ‐Phe without adjustment of the solution pH in the water‐splitting electrodialysis because OH^? generated from the bipolar membrane converted neutral L ‐Phe into an anion. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

用电渗析法从谷氨酰胺模拟发酵液中脱除谷氨酸

为改进微生物发酵法生产谷氨酰胺的流程,提出用电渗析方法来分离谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸。在对混合氨基酸溶液中离子成分进行分析的基础上,预测了此方法的可行性,并通过电渗析方法对模拟发酵液进行实验来验证此预测结果。还考察了在混合物中含有硫酸铵时的情况。通过理论预测和实验验证,可以用电渗析法直接分离谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸,且原料中少量的硫酸铵有利于分离过程的进行。