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油井水泥膨胀、降失水双效材料的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
油井水泥固有的高体积收缩和高失水特性是造成油气井气窜和固井质量差的主要原因,也是国内外固井界尚未很好解决的重要问题之一.本文研制了一种新型的油井水泥膨胀材料(DD型),并对其在不同条件下的膨胀量、抗压强度、胶结强度和工程性能进行了评价.此外,还对该材料的作用机理进行了理论分析.结果表明:当其掺量为水泥的10%~20%时,不仅可使油井水泥浆产生足够的塑性膨胀和后期膨胀,而且还能有效地控制水泥浆的失水量.掺入材料后,水泥浆的其它工程性能也满足API规范和现场施工的技术要求. 相似文献
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高韧性油井固井材料的性能与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对射孔和增产措施使油井水泥环产生脆性破坏.带来层间流体窜流和套损率上升等难题,开发了一种新型增韧剂HD[合成橡胶粉H的质量分数(下同)w=5.5%;特种化纤D的w=0.2%].评价了掺HD水泥石的力学性能和微观结构及水泥浆的工程性能.结果表明:掺HD油井水泥石的韧性和弹性均被显著提高,抗冲击功提高了198%~222%,Young模量降低了38%~40%;掺HD(w=5.7%),减阻剂USZ(w=-O.2%),降滤失剂F17B(w=1.2%)和晶体膨胀剂F17A(w=3%)水泥浆综合性能满足固井施工的基本要求.对不同水泥环中应力波传播速率的计算和模拟射孔实验表明:水泥石弹性模量的降低有利于韧性的提高. 相似文献
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高温高压气井防气窜固井对水泥浆性能要求高,常规水泥浆难以满足固井要求。在分析高温高压气井防气窜固井难点的基础上,优选胶乳防气窜剂与新型纳米液硅防气窜剂,将二者有机复配,通过致密充填、活性胶凝、改善水泥石力学性能等方式提高防气窜性能,研制出高温防窜乳液水泥浆体系。该防气窜水泥浆体系具有流变性好、API失水低、直角稠化和沉降稳定性好等特点,且对缓凝剂加量、密度、温度计配浆水陈化等因素不敏感,便于现场操作与施工。水泥浆静胶凝强度发展快,防气窜性能好,水泥石高温强度高、高温稳定性好,且水泥石渗透率低,有利于防止气体渗流。该防窜乳液水泥浆体系在中国石化西北油田成功应用多井次,较好地解决了高温高压气井固井难题。 相似文献
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对室内合成胶乳进行了粒径测试,室内研究了胶乳加量对水泥浆基本性能的影响,得出胶乳可有效改善水泥浆的失水性能,增强水泥石的韧性,提高水泥环的密封性,有助于提高固井胶结质量,据此优选出了胶乳防窜水泥浆体系,对其静胶凝强度发展、防窜性能等作了相关评价,其胶凝强度过渡很快,防气窜测试无气窜发生,具有良好的防窜效果。并介绍了该胶乳防窜体系在毛坝7井的现场应用。 相似文献
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针对调整井固井时水侵导致的环空窜流问题,本文以AMPS、AM、AA和SA为原料,通过自由基胶束聚合法制备一种水溶性疏水缔合聚合物AAAS来增强固井水泥浆的抗水侵能力,改善水泥浆的防窜能力,以提高该类井的固井质量。利用红外、核磁、扫描电镜及凝胶渗透色谱等手段对AAAS进行了微观分析表征,并对AAAS水泥浆体系的抗水侵性能及基本工程性能进行了评价,结果表明AAAS可明显提高水泥浆体的抗水侵能力,较之于空白水泥浆水侵后0.3MPa的窜通压力,加量为0.9%AAAS的水泥浆体系,其水侵后的窜通压力提高达到了6.9MPa,大幅度提高了水泥浆的防窜能力,且14天抗折强度为8.2MPa,抗压强度为31.5MPa,能够满足调整井固井水泥环长期封固的需要。因此,AAAS在调整井固井工程抗水侵和防窜中具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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长庆油田陇东地区是鄂尔多斯盆地致密砂岩油藏开发的主战场。先注后采、水平井规模开发和多级分段体积压裂是该地区增储上产的主要技术措施。同时也为配套固井技术提出了新的挑战。大型分段压裂会对常规水泥环造成很大的破坏作用,进一步加剧了油、水窜现象,直接影响油井后续的投产效果,因此防止环空窜流,不仅要考虑到水泥浆的防窜性能,还要考虑到改善水泥石力学性能的问题。针对上述难题,开发了增韧防窜水泥浆体系,该体系可有效改善水泥石力学性能,提高水泥浆的防窜能力,优化了固井工艺,形成了适用于该地区致密砂岩油藏的配套固井技术,取得了很好的应用效果。 相似文献
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M. S. J. Simmonds W. M. Blaney F. Delle Monache M. Marquina Mac-Quhae G. B. Marini Bettolo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(12):1593-1599
Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria. 相似文献
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Cheng-Le Zhao Shane Porzio Alan Smith Haiyan Ge H. T. Davis L. E. Scriven 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(2):109-115
Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively.
There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized.
High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without
the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of
fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to
achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic
SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve
F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender
particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing,
and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing
or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually
preserves suspension stability during freezing.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago,
IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition. 相似文献
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Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US
In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae
and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted
in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures
(release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species
(Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species
to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were
exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of
separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles
from the southeastern region of the US. 相似文献
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Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed. 相似文献
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中蓝晨光化工研究院有限公司《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2009,37(3)
收集了2007年7月~2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007~2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍. 相似文献
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中蓝晨光化工研究院《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2007,35(3):1-25,67
收集了2005年7月~2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。 相似文献