微波焙烧对一水硬铝石矿浸出性能的影响

研究了微波焙烧对一水硬铝石矿浸出性能的影响. 考察了微波辐射温度、微波辐射时间对矿物浸出性能的影响,在此基础上,对微波焙烧预处理的机理作了进一步的探讨. 结果表明,微波焙烧能够显著提高氧化铝的浸出率,降低浸出液的分子比. 微波焙烧在微波辐射温度为535℃、辐射时间为5 min时达到了最佳的效果. 微波辐射温度过高会造成矿物烧结,影响浸出效果. 延长微波辐射时间对浸出效果影响不大.     

苯甲酸甲酯微波合成研究

研究了微波辐射下苯甲酸甲酯的合成新方法。考察了微波辐射温度、微波辐射时间、酸醇摩尔比、催化剂用量对反应的影响。经正交实验设计得到最佳反应条件:微波辐射温度为70℃,辐射时间为15 min,酸醇摩尔比为1∶3,催化剂用量为3 mL。产率可达93%以上。结果表明,微波技术用于苯甲酸甲酯的合成,操作简便、反应时间短、产率高,具有一定的实用价值。     

微波促进的磷钼酸对酯化反应的催化性能

以自制的磷钼酸为催化剂,研究了微波辐射条件下磷钼酸对酯化反应的催化性能。探讨了催化剂用量、微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间对反应的影响。在优化反应条件下,即磷钼酸0.05g、微波功率640W、辐射时间40min时,酯的收率达到94.5%。     

微波辅助离子液体法对纤维素的均相改性研究

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（BMIMCl）为溶剂,采用微波辐射代替常规的加热技术,对纤维素进行均相改性研究。首先进行微波辐射下纤维素在离子液体中的溶解,研究微波辐射温度和溶解时间的影响;其次进行纤维素与氯乙酰氯在微波辅助离子液体中的均相乙酰化研究,利用FT-IR、1H-NMR对聚合物进行了表征,探讨微波辐射功率、反应温度、反应时间和氯乙酰氯用量对纤维素取代度的影响。结果表明,微波加热有利于纤维素溶解和酯化,辐射时间和温度提高均会增加纤维素溶解量,酯化剂用量和微波辐射时间对反应影响较大。     

微波辐射快速再生活性炭纤维的研究

以微波辐射为手段对吸附了2,4-二氯苯酚的活性炭纤维(ACF)进行再生研究。考察了微波辐射时间、微波辐射功率和脱附剂的组合对ACF再生活化度的影响。结果表明,微波辐射功率400 W,微波辐射时间4 min,脱附剂的组合为NaOH 18 mL,水为50 mL,ACF再生活化度可达91.27%。     

微波助离子液体中松木屑稀酸水解性能的初步研究

研究以松木屑为原料,稀硫酸为催化剂,在[Bmim]Br离子液体介质中,用微波辐射加热促进纤维素的水解;探索微波的辐射功率、辐射时间、辐射温度以及离子液体加入量等因素对还原糖收率的影响。结果表明：在微波功率为600 W,微波时间为70 min,微波温度为85℃,离子液体[Bmim]Br的加入量为10 mL时,还原糖收率较高;与传统加热方法相比较,采用微波辐射加热能够显著提高还原糖收率。     

微波法合成高取代度羧甲基淀粉的研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,利用微波辐射制备了羧甲基淀粉钠。以取代度为目标,研究了反应物料配比、微波辐射时间、微波辐射强度等因素对反应的影响,确定了优化反应条件为：淀粉：一氯乙酸：氢氧化钠=1：1：2．4(摩尔比),微波辐射时间11min,微波辐射强度：127．5W(以微波炉功率计),分散介质乙醇用量为50ml,产物取代度可达0．8以上。     

微波用于高粘原油脱水的研究

文章分析了微波破乳的机理,并以脱水率为考查依据,采用正交设计的方法对影响稠油微波脱水的主要因素,即原油含水量、微波辐射时间、微波功率进行了系统研究。结果表明,原油含水量为影响稠油微波脱水的主要因素,含水量越高,脱水率越大。另外,微波辐射时间与辐射功率对脱水率也存在着一定的影响。对于实验所用的稠油,当微波辐射功率为420 W,辐射时间为120 s,原油含水量为80%时,稠油脱水率最高,达到93.88%。     

氯化钠存在下微波辐射高稠原油脱水研究

采用SH9402微波反应系统对含水质量分数50%的大庆稠油进行了微波辐射脱水研究。考察了微波辐射时间、压力、功率以及氯化钠对原油脱水率的影响。在微波辐射时间4 min,压力0.2MPa,功率350 W,氯化钠质量分数为3%的条件下,脱水率达到了96.67%。该方法改善了工艺条件,拓宽了微波辐射原油脱水的应用范围。     

补阳还五汤多糖的微波辅助提取研究

采用单因素实验和正交实验法,进行了微波辐射萃取补阳还五汤多糖的最佳工艺条件研究。探讨了不同微波辐射时间、微波功率及料液比等条件对多糖得率的影响。结果表明,在微波辐射时间20min,微波功率325W,料液比为1:7,补阳还五汤中多糖得率为7.75%。微波辅助萃取大大缩短了提取时间,节省了溶剂,提高了收率。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.