快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金显微组织及热稳定性的研究

采用单辊旋铸技术制备Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金薄带，利用DSC分析、X射线衍射和透射电镜来分析该合金的急冷态和退火态组织，测定了合金在 同温度下退火10h后的显微硬度。结果表明，快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金稳冷态组织中存在两种初生相：Al3Ti相和Al5Ti2相；而经300℃退火10h后，将发生亚稳相Al5Ti向稳定相Al3Ti 的转变；经400℃退火10h后，组织中出现了平衡稳定相Al13Fe4，且在热处理过程中弥散析出Al3Ti相。     

快速凝固Al—Zr—Ti合金的组织结构

利用透射电子显微镜研究了快速凝固Al-4Zr-2Ti(原子百分比）合金的组织结构。结果表明：快凝合金的显微硬度与其显微组织密切相关,快凝合金急冷态组织显示出单一相-过饱和Al基固溶体,此时显微硬度为220HV,快凝合金经420℃退火4h ,具有立方结构的亚稳相L12-Al3(Zr、Ti)析出,此时显微硬度达到峰值260HV,而经420℃退火20h,则L12相转为为DO23相,同时,显微硬度下降到150Hv。     

添加Cr元素对快速凝固Al-Ti-Fe基合金显微组织和显微硬度的影响

采用单辊旋铸技术制备Al-2．5Ti-2．5Fe和A1-2．5Ti-2．5Fe-2．5Cr合金薄带，利用X射线衍射、EDS、透射电镜和高分辨电镜来分析该两种合金的急冷态和退火态显微组织，研究了Cr对快速凝固Al-2．5Ti-2．5Fe合金显微组织和显微硬度的影响。     

Microstructure and thermal stability behavior of a rapidly solidified Al—Ti—Fe—Cr alloy

A rapidly solidified Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr(mass fraction in%) alloy was prepared by melt spinning.Asquenched and as-annealed microstructures were studied by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),transmission electron microseopy(TEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HREM) and energy dispersive spersive spectrum(EDS) analysis,The microhardness of the alloy at different annealing temperatures was measured.The results obtained indicate that the microhardness of the rapidly solidified Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr alloy does not vary with differnet annealing temperatures.The as-quenched microstructure of the alloy includes two kinds of dispersed primary phases:Al3Ti and Al13(Cr,Fe)2,After annealing at 400℃ for 10h,the stable phase Al13Fe4 appears in the microstructure.     

快速凝固Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni合金的微观组织和力学性能

利用X射线衍射、差示扫描量热(DSC)、透射电镜(TEM)研究了快速凝固Al 4Cu Mg 3Fe 4Ni (质量分数,% )合金急冷态和退火态的微观组织,同时测定了该合金的显微硬度。结果表明:快凝合金急冷态组织为过饱和αAl基固溶体和Al3Ni相;当快凝合金经40 0℃Xw 1h处理后,有少量S相(CuMgAl2 )析出;经40 0℃Xw 9h处理后,出现了FeNiAl9弥散相;在合金组织中未见Al Cu Fe和Al Cu Ni相。随时效时间的增加,快凝合金的显微硬度不断增加,达到峰值后硬度缓慢下降,之后随FeNiAl9析出,硬度又重新增加。     

快速凝固Al—4Cr—4Zr—2Ti合金的时效特性

利用透射电镜观察了Al-4Cr-4Zr-2Ti（原子百分比）合金的显微组织,并测定了相应的显微硬度。结果表明：快凝合金在400℃,4h时效达到峰值硬度,Hv达2420MPa,此时的析出相为Al13Cr2和与基体共格的亚稳相Ll2-Al3Zr。合金经400℃,96h时效后的显微硬度与急冷态硬度和峰值硬度相比仅分别下降10％和14％。而500℃,4h时效后,由于Ll2-Al3Zr转变为DO23－Al3Zr并且析出相粗化,导致合金硬度急剧下降。     

Super—TIX系列钛合金的性能和应用

20世纪 90年代日本开发了低成本民用钛合金 ,合金不用高价的β元素 ,仅使用廉价的 Fe,O,N(一部分合金加 Al)。设计的Super- TIX系列分两大类 ,一类是 Ti- Fe- Al系合金 ,另一类是 Ti- Fe- O- N系合金。下面主要介绍 Ti- 5.5Al- 1 Fe,Ti- 3.5Al- 1 Fe,Ti-1 Fe- 0 .35O- 0 .0 1 N ( Super- TIX80 0 ) ,Ti- 1 Fe-0 .3O- 0 .0 4 N( Super- TIX80 0 N)的主要特性、应用及注意事项。1　Ti- 3.5Al- 1Fe及 Ti- 5.5Al- 1Fe( 1 )拉伸性能　 Ti- 3.5Al- 1 Fe以及 Ti-5.5Al- 1 Fe是为了代替 Ti- 3Al- 2 .5V及 Ti-6 Al- 4V而提出…     

不同冷却速度下Al-5Fe、Al-5Fe-3Y合金组织和相组成

分别采用熔炼、吸铸和单辊甩带法制备了铸态、亚快速凝固和快速凝固下的Al-5Fe合金和Al-5Fe-3Y合金,探讨了冷却速度的提高和稀土Y的添加对Al-5Fe合金的组织和相组成的影响.结果表明,稀土Y可以使Al-5Fe合金中Al3Fe相由针状转变为团球状并使快速凝固合金中出现了二次析出相.冷却速度的提高使合金的组织得到进一步细化,并使Al-5Fe和Al-5Fe-3Y合金中分别出现了亚稳相Al6Fe和金属间化合物Al10Fe2Y相.     

快速凝固Al-Zr-Ti合金的组织结构

利用透射电子显微镜研究了快速凝固Al-Zr-Ti合金的组织结构。结果表明：快凝合金的显微硬度与其显微组织密切相关，快凝合金激冷态组织显示出单一相－过饱和Al基固溶体，此时显微硬度为220HV。快凝合金经420℃退火4h，具有立方结构的亚稳相L1-Al3(Zr,Ti) 析出，此时显微硬度达到峰值260HV。而经420℃退火20h，则L12相转变为DO23相，同时，显微硬度下降到150HV。     

退火对冷拉拔Al-0.7Fe-0.2Cu合金组织性能的影响

运用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜研究了冷拉拔铝合金Al-0.7Fe-0.2Cu在不同退火处理制度下的微观组织结构演变,并分析了其对电导率和力学性能的影响.结果表明:300℃退火,初生相Al(Fe,Cu)中Cu元素部分回溶于基体,500℃退火,Cu元素几乎完全回溶于基体;冷拉拔Al-0.7Fe-0.2Cu丝材再结晶温度为300～350℃;450℃长时间退火后,再结晶晶粒长大不明显,但有极少量的晶粒出现异常长大现象,这主要是因为Al(Fe,Cu)相分布不均匀对晶粒长大的影响;其电导率在250℃×2h条件下退火达到最大值;超过350℃长时间退火其抗拉强度趋于稳定,伸长率降低.冷拉拔合金在350℃×2h退火处理制度下,拥有最优异的导电性能和力学性能.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.