不锈钢电弧辅助活性TIG焊

针对不锈钢,提出了一种新型活性YIG焊方法--电弧辅助活性TIG焊,即AA-TIG焊(arc assisted activating TIG welding).该焊接方法通过在正常TIG焊前以活性混合气体作为保护气体,采用小电流钨极电弧预熔待焊焊道表面,可使熔深显著增加,焊接效率大大提高,而且具有可全自动化焊接和工艺可重复性好等优点.分别采用O2+Ar,CO2+Ar,空气作为小电流钨极电弧的保护气体进行了单弧AA-TIG焊.与传统TIG焊比较,发现O2+Ar,CO2+Ar和空气都可显著增加熔深,减小熔宽,焊缝表面成形良好.采用CO2+Ar作为活性混合保护气体进行双弧AA-TIG焊,焊缝成形良好,熔深显著增加.熔深随着焊枪间距减小而增大.     

光纤激光辅助TIG焊焊缝成形特点及影响因素分析

在活性焊接法研究的基础上提出了激光辅助TIG焊方法.焊前在氧气保护下采用小功率激光器熔化焊道表面,然后用常规TIG焊覆盖激光预熔焊道,从而可使熔深增加,熔宽减小.结果表明,激光预熔和未预熔焊道熔深、熔宽均随焊接电流的增加而增加,但激光预熔焊道熔深增加的更快;焊接速度的增加使激光预熔和未预熔焊道熔深、熔宽均减小;随激光功率增加,焊道熔深增加,熔宽减小;随预熔速度的增加,熔深先增大后减小,熔宽先减小后增大.综合最佳参数后可以得到焊缝熔深增加明显、焊缝表面成形良好的焊道,从而可以发展为一种新的活性焊接法.     

电弧辅助活性TIG焊接法

提出了电弧辅助活性TIG焊(arc assisted activating TIG welding,简称AA-TIG焊)的概念,并以SUS304不锈钢作为母材,研究了AA-TIG焊接法的主要工艺参数对焊缝熔深熔宽的影响。结果表明,在相同的焊接工艺参数下,与传统TIG焊相比,AA-TIG焊缝熔深能增加一倍以上,同时熔宽明显收缩。采用AA-TIG焊可不开坡口一次焊透8mm厚不锈钢板,焊接效率明显提高。辅助电弧工艺参数和正常TIG焊工艺参数都对AA-TIG焊焊缝熔深熔宽有一定影响。     

焊接参数对旋转电弧MAG焊焊缝成形的影响

基于旋转电弧焊接机器人进行平板堆焊试验,研究了焊接电流、电压、焊接速度及电弧旋转频率对焊缝成形的影响。结果表明:焊接电流增大,熔宽明显增加,熔深和余高也有所增加,熔敷速度增大,成形系数减小,余高系数几乎保持不变;焊接电压增大,熔深和熔宽均有所增加,余高减小,熔敷速度几乎保持不变,余高系数增大,焊缝成形系数先不变后减小;旋转频率增大,熔深有所减小,余高略有减少,熔宽先增后减,成形系数和余高系数均增大;随着焊接速度的增大,熔深、熔宽、余高均减小,熔敷速度呈指数形式下降,成形系数有所增大,余高系数略有增加。     

激光-等离子电弧复合焊接参数对焊缝形貌的影响

激光-等离子电弧复合焊接技术是具有良好工业前景的新型焊接技术,相比于TIG电弧,等离子电弧更加稳定,钨极烧损小,能显著提高焊接效率。以10 mm厚度的304不锈钢为母材进行表面堆焊,研究了激光功率、离焦量、焊接电流、焊接速度和热源间距对熔深、熔宽的影响。结果表明,复合焊的熔深熔宽大于单独焊的熔深熔宽,随着激光功率的增加,熔深熔宽逐渐增加。焊接电流小于200 A时,熔深的变化大于熔宽的变化,电流大于200 A时,二者的变化速度接近一致。熔深对离焦量敏感,负离焦能得到更大的熔深。随着焊接速度增大,熔深熔宽逐渐变小,高速下的焊接过程更加稳定。随着热源间距的增大,复合焊熔深逐渐变小,熔宽呈减小趋势,熔深变化较大。激光后置的焊接方式要优于激光前置。     

预熔氧化层对AA-TIG焊缝形貌的影响

AA－TIG焊（arc assisted activating TIG welding）是一种新型高效焊接方法,该方法通过焊前采用小电流辅助电弧以Ar＋O：作为保护气体在待焊部位预熔一道氧化层,然后再进行常规TIG焊,可获得深而窄的焊缝．试验通过改变辅助电弧工艺参数来改变预熔氧化层的厚度,分析预熔氧化层厚度对焊缝成形的影响．结果表明,辅助电弧的电流、速度以及辅助电弧中氧气流量对预熔氧化层厚度有很大的影响,辅助电弧中氧气流量越大、辅助电弧热输入越大时,预熔氧化层越厚;AA—TIG焊时预熔氧化层的厚度对焊缝深宽比影响较大,随着预熔氧化层的增厚,焊缝深宽比先增加后减小．     

基于逐步回归法研究激光复合焊接工艺参数对焊缝的影响

采用CO2激光-TIG复合焊接3 mm厚的不锈钢板,基于多元线性回归方法,研究了焊接工艺参数对焊缝熔宽及塔深的影响.试验结果表明,对激光-电弧复合焊焊缝熔深影响程度从大到小的焊接工艺参数依次为:激光功率、焊接速度、TIG焊焊接电流和热源间距,其中前2项的影响最为突出;对熔宽影响的焊接程度从大到小的焊接工艺参数依次为:焊接速度、TIG焊焊接电流、热源问距和激光功率,并分别给出了回归教学模型.     

工艺参数对机器人TIG焊焊缝成形与组织的影响

在Q235钢平板上进行机器人TIG焊试验,研究焊接电流、电弧电压和焊接速度3个焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形与微观组织的影响。研究结果表明,当其中两个焊接工艺参数恒定时,熔深、熔宽和深宽比均随着焊接电流的增大而明显增大;焊缝的熔深和深宽比随着电弧电压的增大而减小,熔宽随着电弧电压的增大而增大;熔深、熔宽和深宽比均随着焊接速度的增大而减小。随着焊接速度的增大,焊缝区与热影响区的珠光体组织减少,铁素体组织增加,组织细化。     

高频脉冲TIG焊焊缝组织与性能研究

通过采用高频脉冲TIG焊和常规TIG焊焊接不锈钢板进行性能对比试验,分析了焊接生产效率、焊缝熔深和熔宽、焊缝熔合区和焊缝区金相、力学性能和断口扫描电镜等。对试验结果分析后发现:随着脉冲电流频率的不断提高,电弧收缩及电弧力也相应增大,同时电弧作用面积减小,电弧能量密度更集中,从而提升焊接生产效率。不仅如此,在脉冲频率提高的情况下,熔宽和熔深也发生相应改变,大大提高了熔透率,焊缝显微组织晶粒细化,接头力学性能增强。     

厚铜板焊接的计算机模拟与实验研究

基于焊接模拟前处理软件和焊接模拟后处理软件进行厚铜板三个电弧焊接过程温度场的数值模拟和实验对比研究。先利用前处理软件进行建模和划分网格等工作,再利用后处理软件完成焊接仿真模拟过程。本研究主要是用后处理软件调整焊接电流、电弧电压、焊枪间距、焊接速度,送丝速度等工艺参数,进行多组工艺参数下厚铜板焊接温度场的模拟,然后对比分析不同焊接工艺参数下的焊接温度场云图,获得最佳焊接工艺参数(焊枪间距16 mm,焊接电流300 A,TIG焊枪电压16 V,MIG焊枪电压20 V,MIG焊枪送丝速度10 mm/s),模拟结果为:MIG焊枪的熔池大小为:熔宽6.4 mm、熔深4.8 mm、熔池长度12.6 mm。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.