铁、镧共掺杂纳米TiO2可见光催化性能研究

通过溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法制备了铁、镧共掺杂纳米TiO2,采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、X线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和荧光分光光度计(FL)等测试手段对样品进行表征。结果表明,500℃煅烧后的掺杂TiO2均呈锐钛矿型,平均粒径为6.1nm,掺杂抑制了TiO2粒径的长大,掺杂的Fe3+、La3+能有效进入TiO2晶格。掺杂使TiO2的吸收带边红移且在可见光区的光吸收增强,样品的荧光强度越小,催化效果越好。可见光光催化降解甲基橙实验结果表明,可见光照射5h,最佳共掺杂的0.01%Fe/0.6%La-TiO2对甲基橙的降解率达40.7%。     

Analysis of morphological, structural and electrical properties of annealed TiO2 nanowires deposited by GLAD technique

The effect of annealing on vertically aligned TiO₂ NWs deposited by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method on Si substrate using pressed and sintered TiO₂ pellets as source material is studied.The FE-SEM images reveal the retention of vertically aligned NWs on Si substrate after annealing process.The EDS analysis of TiO₂ NWs sample annealed at 600℃ in air for 1 h shows the higher weight percentage ratio of~2.6(i.e.,72.27% oxygen and 27.73% titanium).The XRD pattern reveals that the polycrystalline nature of anatase TiO₂ dominates the annealed NWs sample.The electrical characteristics of Al/TiO₂-NWs/TiO₂-TF/p-Si (NW device) and Al/TiO₂-TF/p-Si (TF device) based on annealed samples are compared.It is riveting to observe a lower leakage current of~1.32×10^-7 A/cm² at+1 V with interface trap density of~6.71×10¹¹ eV^-1cm^-2 in NW device compared to~2.23×10^-7 A/cm² in TF device.The dominant leakage mechanism is investigated to be generally Schottky emission;however Poole-Frenkel emission also takes place during high reverse bias beyond 4 V for NWs and 3 V for TF device.     

TiO2掺杂对低压ZnO压敏电阻性能的影响

研究了TiO2掺杂量及制备工艺对ZnO压敏电阻性能的影响。TiO2掺压超过一定量时,压敏场强就不再降低,而非线性系数却一直下降,漏流迅速增大,使性能劣化。因此,要控制TiO2掺杂量在适当范围内。粉料煅烧温度和烧成的高低也直接影响ZnO压敏电阻性能。     

锐钛纳米TiO_2制备及表面性质测定

以TiCl4为原料,加入硫酸盐作为添加剂,采用沸腾回流强迫水解法成功地制备了粒度小、粒径分布窄的锐钛型纳米TiO2,用粒度分布仪、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射计检测了产物形貌、粒径及晶型。同时,采用接触角测量仪、Zeta电位仪、分光光度计等对样品表面性能进行测定。结果表明,通过控制浆液和SO24-离子的浓度,加入分散剂六偏磷酸钠,选择适宜的固液比及pH值等因素,可得到粒度分布窄、在水中分散均匀的锐钛纳米TiO2,为纳米TiO2的有机修饰做好必要的前期准备。     

Bi_2O_3/TiO_2纳米复合物的微波合成及光催化性质

以硝酸铋和硫酸钛为原料,通过直接投料微波辐射水解合成法制备了掺铋TiO2纳米复合物,并用XRD、TEM进行了表征。结果表明,直接投料摩尔比为1∶10掺铋TiO2纳米复合物,经500℃热处理后晶型为锐钛矿型,粒径为6～10nm。以催化降解甲基橙来考察其光催化活性,结果表明所制备的纳米复合物是一个好的催化剂。研究了Bi3+的掺杂量、热处理温度、催化剂用量对掺铋TiO2纳米复合物光催化性能的影响。当催化剂用量为1g/L时,2mg/L的甲基橙溶液在紫外光辐射30min后,降解率达到97%。该复合物对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解符合一级动力学方程。     

锑掺杂二氧化钛的制备及其可见光催化性能

用草酸氧钛酸分解法制备了锑掺杂的二氧化钛光催化剂粉体。用XRD和TEM测定了样品的晶型、粒度等表征参数。结果表明:所制备的掺杂TiO2光催化剂为金红石型TiO2和锐钛矿型TiO2的混晶,颗粒直径在100nm左右。在可见光下,用锑掺杂量为0.2%(摩尔分数)、900℃煅烧保温0.5h后的TiO2降解6h后,甲胺磷的无机磷回收率达到96.4%。     

Fe3+掺杂TiO2纳米晶溶胶的制备及性能

采用sol-gel法制备了Fe3+掺杂锐钛矿型TiO2纳米晶溶胶。对溶胶的物相结构和粒度分布进行了分析,并考察了薄膜的UV-Vis吸收光谱及溶胶的光催化性能。结果表明:Fe3+掺杂可提供杂质能级抑制电子与空穴的复合,且对TiO2溶胶粒子具有细化作用,因此TiO2溶胶的光催化活性提高,比未掺杂时最大提高了近30%。但Fe3+掺杂过多可能成为电子与空穴复合的中心,导致TiO2溶胶的光催化活性降低。r(Fe:Ti)的最佳范围为0.25~0.50。     

掺杂(Pb1－xSrx）TiO3系铁电陶瓷材料

通过掺杂 ( Pb1-x Srx) Ti O3( PST)系铁电陶瓷的制备 ,初步研究了掺杂、烧结温度、测试频率等对 PST系陶瓷材料介电性能的影响。在相同的 Pb/ Sr配比下 ,La2 O3掺杂较同样份量的 Mn O2掺杂所制得的样片的温度系数要高 ,介电损耗要小 ,而适当高的烧结温度有利于其介电性能的改善。随着测试频率的增加 ,测得的材料介电常数略有下降 ,而居里温度与温度系数基本维持不变。     

Structural,optical, photoluminescence,electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical properties of Fe doped ZnSe hexagonal nanorods

The present investigation describes that the iron (Fe) doped ZnSe hexagonal nanorods were successfully synthesized via chemical synthesis specifically galvanostatic mode of electrodeposition and addition of Fe in order to improve the PEC performance of ZnSe electrodes using a galvanostatic mode. These crystalline Fe doped ZnSe hexagonal nanorods electrodes are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and optical properties, such as UV–vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Raman spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical properties. It is seen that at 5% Fe doped ZnSe hexagonal nanorods show the open circuit voltage (V_oc) was 100 mV, and short circuit current (I_sc) was 110 μA. The observed fill factor and efficiency were found to be 44% and 0.15%, respectively.     

Low-Temperature Synthesis of Fe-Doped ZnO Nanotubes

We report on the synthesis Zn_1?x Fe _x O nanotubes with average tube diameter of 60?nm to 100?nm and wall thickness of about 20?nm. The nanotubes were synthesized by a low-temperature electrochemical process, and their morphology was found to be sensitive to the electrolyte concentration and growth time. The maximum Fe doping achieved by this process was estimated to be approximately 4?wt.%. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction showed good crystalline quality of the doped and undoped nanotubes with preferential growth along the wurtzite c-axis. The Fe-doped nanotubes exhibit wurtzite crystal structure with an increase in the c-axis lattice constant when compared with the undoped nanotubes, indicative of the fact that Fe ions substitute for Zn as 2+ ions in the ZnO crystal lattice. Further evidence of Fe as a substitutional dopant is provided by Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. A comparison of the effective magnetic moment in the undoped and doped nanotubes reveals the presence of four unpaired electrons in the Fe-doped sample and zero unpaired electrons for the undoped sample.     

TiO2的含量对铁基合金激光熔覆层组织和性能的影响

在45#钢基底上进行了铁基合金粉末G312和铁基合金粉末G312中加入不同百分比的TiO2的激光熔覆实验。借助裂纹检测、金相显微镜、扫描电镜、x射线衍射、硬度测试、摩擦磨损实验等手段,发现：随着加入的TiO2的含量的增加,熔覆层组织结构和组成成分也呈现明显的不同。在一定的工艺条件下,加入适量的TiO2可以提高G312熔覆层的硬度、耐磨性、降低开裂敏感性,改善熔覆层的综合性能。     

受主掺杂对TiO2氧敏材料缺陷化学的影响

对受主B2O5掺杂TiO2材料的高温电导进行了详细的测试；XRD分析表明少量受主掺杂并未改变材料的金红石结构；对比施主掺杂研究，出现了很多有趣的现象。施主掺杂样品在较高的测试温度（约950℃）下发生电导类型转变，而受主掺杂样品在较低的测试温度（约750℃）下发生电导类型转变。应用电子补偿及缺位补偿机制对电导特性进行了分析。     

Study of structural and optical properties of nanostructured V2O5 thin films doped with fluorine

In this study, vanadium oxide (V₂O₅) was doped with different percentages of fluorine (F) and deposited on glass substrates by using spray pyrolysis method. The substrate temperature during the film deposition was kept constant at 450 °C. The obtained nanostructured thin films were characterised by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD results showed that F doped films are polycrystalline with main phase of β-V₂O₅ and with preferred orientation along (200). Increasing dopant to 30% improved crystallinity, but for more doping, the structure of samples tended to be amorphous. VF₂ phase was also observed when doping of F was increased to more than 10%. The incorporation of fluorine in nano-layers led to a decrease in optical absorption by 1.3 a.u. and an increase in band gap of energy from 2.23 to 2.83 eV. SEM images showed that the shape of grains was spherical with 10% doping and changed to bacilliform with 70% F concentration. The cyclic voltammetry results obtained for different samples showed expanded anodic and cathodic peaks for the undoped sample. The samples prepared with 20% and 40% F-doping level had milder anodic and cathodic peaks. However, by increasing the dopant to 70%, the peaks were expanded. The thin film with 40% F-doping showed the least resistance, but the resistance increased dramatically with 70% F dopant concentrations.     

掺钛和锆改性的钙硼硅系微晶玻璃之性能

以TiO2、ZrO2为改性剂,制备CaO-B2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃。对其烧结和介电性能进行了研究,并采用XRD,SEM对微观结构进行了探讨。结果表明:添加适量的TiO2或是混合添加TiO2、ZrO2均能改善CaBSi系微晶玻璃的性能。混合添加比单一添加TiO2更有效。结合材料的烧结性能、介电性能和微观结构,以840℃烧成的添加w(TiO2)为2%、w(ZrO2)为2%的试样性能最佳,其εr为7.1、tanδ为3×10–3,在20~400℃之间的热膨胀系数为7.8×10–6℃–1。     

Stability and morphology-dependence of Sc3+ ions incorporation and substitution kinetics within ZnO host lattice

In this study, sol–gel spin coating route was carried out to prepare Scandium doped ZnO thin films with different controlled percentage (1–7%). Particularly, it has been demonstrated, through original conjoint morphological-structural and optical investigations, that some interesting physical properties were induced. Indeed, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that (002) preferential crystalline plane for Sc doped ZnO films was kept along with ZnO hexagonal würtzite structure, although Sc doping seemed to cause a decrease in crystallinity. Except for 1 at% Sc doping ratio, optical band gap changes reversely with Urbach energy with a decrease in optical gap and a broadening of the absorption tail. Ab-initio calculations of lattice dynamical properties outlined additional strong hybridization between Sc and O atoms and show the stability of Scandium doped ZnO.     

不同金属掺杂对TiO2薄膜氧敏性能影响

该文讨论了TiO2对氧气的吸附过程及敏感机理、重点分析了掺铁和掺钨对氧敏特性的影响,并比较了两者的异同.制作了掺铁和掺钨的TiO2薄膜,并在400℃下对薄膜氧敏特性进行了测试.结果表明.TiO2具有低电阻的特点,在高温下能够有效感应氧气浓度的变化.     

TiO_2纳米材料对甲醛气体的气敏性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了对甲醛气体(HCHO)敏感的纳米晶TiO2材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测试方法对TiO2纳米晶结构和表面态进行了表征。X射线衍射结果表明,随温度的增加,TiO2的晶型会由锐钛矿型逐渐转变为金红石型。制成了敏感元件,对甲醛气敏性能进行了测试。测试结果表明,500℃下焙烧2h所制得的锐钛矿型TiO2对甲醛气体有很好的敏感性能。     

Anatase titania nanorods by pseudo-inorganic templating

A novel, facile and cost-effective single step aqueous sol–gel method for the synthesis of anatase TiO₂ nanorods without the assistance of structure-directing organic/inorganic templates is reported. We specifically demonstrate a pseudo-inorganic templating method using ammonium iron (III) sulfate. Highly thermal stable anatase TiO₂ nanorods were obtained using titanium oxysulfate and ammonium iron (III) sulfate as precursors. The structural, microstructural and chemical analyses of the nanorods synthesized, strongly supported the pseudo inorganic templating role of ammonium iron (III) sulfate on the formation of nanorod morphology. The materials have been characterized using different techniques such as TEM, XRD, BET surface area measurement, diffuse reflectance spectra and XPS. TEM study confirmed the rod shape of nano-anatase TiO₂, having a diameter in the range of 20–40 nm and a length of 100 nm. XPS investigation showed that along with Fe³⁺, nitrogen and sulfur were also been doped into the TiO₂ lattice from the single source dopant precursor ammonium iron (III) sulfate. Moreover, UV/vis diffuse reflectance spectra of nanorods showed red-shifts towards visible light and a corresponding decrease in band-gap energies consistent with an n-type doping of the anatase TiO₂ matrix. This aqueous sol–gel synthesis of anatase nanorod with pseudo inorganic templating explores the advantages of inexpensive precursors, control over the powder morphology and optical properties, and distribution of the dopants over TiO₂ at nano level due to homogeneous mixing of the precursors. Finally the photocatalytic analysis showed that the TiO₂ nanorod have two times higher activity than the commercially available Degussa P 25.     

Synthesis of mesoporous titania–graphite composite templated by hypocrellins for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of acetaldehyde

A photoactive compound extracted from a fungus (Hypocrella bambuase), named hypocrellins, was used as template to synthesize thermally stable mesoporous materials. The synthesized mesoporous titania samples were characterized using a combination of various physicochemical techniques, such as N₂ adsorption/desorption measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results of physicochemical characterizations showed that the as-synthesized sample was a composite of highly crystalline mesoporous anatase titania and graphitic carbon (gc–MTiO₂), which implies the dual function of hypocrellins as template and “dopant”. The in situ doped graphitic carbon significantly increased the visible-light absorbance of TiO₂. The gc–MTiO₂ exhibited efficient photocatalytic activity under visible-light for photodegradation of acetaldehyde, a common indoor air pollutant. The photophysics and electron dynamics in this photocatalytic process were studied by time-resolved FT-IR spectra, in particular on the nano- to milli-second time scale. It is observed that electrons were injected into the conduction band of gc–MTiO₂ and they were decayed to deep traps caused by graphitic carbon. The reported strategies could open up new uses for mesoporous titania self-doped with carbon in applications such as solar cells, photocatalysts, photoelectrical devices, and photo-induced sensors.     

Fe/TiO_2纳米复合物的制备、表征及其性能

采用溶胶-凝胶结合氢气还原方法,制备了Fe与TiO2两相共存的纳米复合物。透射电子显微镜(TEM)图片显示,纳米复合物的颗粒大小为100~300nm,且具有明显的核/壳结构。X射线衍射结果表明,纳米复合物中存在a-Fe与金红石型TiO2结构,未发现其他杂相。振动样品磁强计(VSM)的测量结果表明,样品具有较高的比饱和磁化强度。研究表明,通过控制前驱物的用量,能有效改变样品的磁性。热重分析(TGA)结果表明,样品具备很好的抗氧化性。复合介电谱和磁谱表明,在测量的微波频率范围内,样品的介电损耗大于磁损耗。