MEMS超级电容器研究进展

基于微机电系统(Micro-electro-mechanical systems,MEMS)技术的微型超级电容器是一种以微纳米结构形式实现储能的微型能量存储器件,具有高比容量、高储能密度和高抗过载能力等特点,在MEMS微电源系统、引信系统以及物联网等技术领域具有广泛的应用前景。分析了超级电容器的基本原理和种类,系统综述了MEMS超级电容器的国内外研究现状,重点讨论了基于MEMS加工技术的超级电容器制造方法和优势,从材料、结构设计、加工工艺方面分析了MEMS超级电容器存在的技术瓶颈问题,并展望了其未来的发展趋势和应用需求。     

基于聚吡咯微电极的MEMS微型超级电容器的研究

MEMS 微能源是指采用微加工技术制作实现能量的获取与转换、存储与释放的微纳器件与系统,而微型超级电容器则是一种基于电化学电容实现储能的微型能量存储器件,可作为能量存储单元在MEMS微电源系统中获得应用.设计制作了一种具有两腔并排式结构的微型聚吡咯超级电容器.该微型超级电容器南微结构,微电极功能薄膜以及酸性电解液构成,...     

超级电容器研究进展

随着人们对于储能要求的不断提高,超级电容器以其功率密度大、循环寿命长等优点引起人们的广泛关注,并且在近些年得到了飞速发展,它填补了传统静电容器(高功率密度、低能量密度)和化学电池(高能量密度、低功率密度)的空白。本文依据近年来超级电容器领域所发表的文献,从超级电容器基本原理入手,对包括电极材料、电解液、隔膜以及集流体在内的各个组成部分的研究现状进行了综述,讨论了对称型超级电容器、非对称型超级电容器、全固态超级电容器及柔性透明超级电容器等特殊结构超级电容器的研究成果,并作出简要展望。     

压电能量收集中储能器件的研究

目前压电振动能量收集成为微能量领域的研究热点.由于收集的能量较小,因此需要储能器件把收集的能量存储起来以便为电子元件供电.比较了常用的储能器件,包括电阻、电解电容器、超级电容器和可充电电池.研究了这些器件的充放电特性和应用状况,比较了这些器件的优缺点,结果发现,超级电容器可在低压状态下为电子元件有效供电,适合在压电能量收集中推广应用.     

掺杂活性炭的制备和电容性储能应用研究进展

杂原子(N、O、S和P等)掺杂能够显著提高活性炭在电容性储能器件中的电极性能,本文对掺杂活性炭的制备方法、理化特性和电容器电极应用(超级电容器和锂离子电容器)进行了系统介绍。根据掺杂元素引入次序的不同,掺杂活性炭的制备方法可分为先活化后掺杂处理和先掺杂后碳化活化两类。掺杂官能团可以引入赝电容、提高碳材料电导率、改善与电解液的浸润性,因而显著提高超级电容器的比容量和倍率性能。掺杂活性炭的低成本批量制备技术和掺杂官能团对有机电解液稳定性的影响等方面的研究是今后亟待开展的工作。     

混合储能系统在微电网中的应用

随着新能源发电技术的不断发展,接纳这些分布式电源的微电网也日益壮大,但分布式电源的输出功率具有间歇性且随机性强,影响微电网的运行及电能质量等。为了增强微电网的运行稳定性及供电质量,将储能系统应用到微电网结构中。而单一的储能系统已经不能满足微电网的需求,因此采用超级电容器和多硫化物溴电池(PSB)混合储能系统,利用超级电容的快速响应和功率密度大等特性快速填补微电网的功率缺失,当需要长时间提供电能时则由PSB来填补。超级电容器与PSB组成的混合储能系统兼具功率型和能量型储能元件的优点,可以更好的发挥储能系统在微电网中的作用。     

电工所在高性能石墨烯基超级电容器研究中取得进展

正超级电容器作为新型储能器件,具有功率密度高、充电时间短、使用寿命长等优点,但其能量密度一直受限于电极材料的性能。中科院电工研究所马衍伟课题组通过金属镁热还原二氧化碳气体,成功制备出富含孔道结构的石墨烯电极材料。基于此石墨烯研制的超级电容器,在水系和有机电解液中表现出优异的功率特性和循环寿命,在功率密     

超级电容器电极材料研究最新进展

超级电容器是介于传统电容器与化学电源之间的一种新型储能元件,它具有充电时间短、循环寿命长、功率特性好、温度范围宽和经济环保等优势,目前在很多领域都受到广泛关注。概述了超级电容器电极材料研究的最新进展,包括碳基材料、金属氧化物材料及导电聚合物材料等,并在此基础上对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

新型太阳能灯具蓄电方法

为了推进太阳能灯具系统的绿色储能系统发展，在比较了传统蓄电池的主要特点的基础上，推出了一种新型超级电容器型电池储能器件。给出了由其组成的蓄电灯具系统结构及超级电容器应用电路。     

悬臂梁式压电发电机自主控制快速充电电路设计

针对悬臂梁式压电发电机为储能电路充电速度慢的问题,提出了一种自主控制快速充电思想。通过分析悬臂梁式压电发电机以超级电容器为负载时的输出特性,采用MATLAB/Simulink仿真得出超级电容器充电最快的时段,设计出以微功耗单片机ATmega168为控制核心的自主控制快速充电电路。实验证明,该电路充电储能比传统的快3倍以上,实现了微型发电机应用中快速充电和自主控制功能,满足了连续振动中微功耗电子器件、传感器及间歇式大功耗电路的要求。     

隧道带间耦合级联新型激光器扩展电流的优化

隧道带间耦合级联激光器采用C掺杂生长隧道结,由于高浓度C掺杂层在激光器多个有源区之间分布形成了高电导层,增加了注入电流的横向扩展,使激光器的性能不能充分发挥出来。我们利用双面电极新型结构可以很好地克服横向电流扩展,使级联的激光器保证充分的光输出功率,具体是在常规激光器背面衬底做完全与正面电极相同而对中的电极,当加入电场后,使电场完全集中在这两个相对中的电极之间,使激光器注入的电流从正面电极完全不扩展地流入到背面衬底电极,保证每个有源区都注入相同的电流而保证每个有源区充分的光输出。对4个有源区级联的激光器光输出功率较常规电极提高70%以上,输出光功率从1.6W提高到2.4W,斜率效率提高70%以上。     

非线性激光制造的进展与应用（特邀）

超快激光是指脉冲宽度极窄的激光,其瞬时功率极高,与物质之间的相互作用呈现出非线性、非平衡、多尺度的状态。超快激光具有超快（脉冲持续时间短）、超强（瞬时功率高）、超精细（加工结构精细）等特点,由此实现的非线性激光制造技术可以打破传统微纳制造的局限,实现各类难加工材料和复杂微纳结构的超精细制造,精度可达亚微米至纳米量级,在微光学、生物医学、智能电子器件等前沿领域体现出了独特的应用价值。文中主要聚焦飞秒激光微纳加工技术前沿,简要概括了飞秒激光加工的特点;介绍了飞秒激光加工的主要技术手段,包括飞秒激光直写和飞秒激光并行加工;讨论了飞秒激光加工技术的前沿应用领域,如微纳光学器件、微流体器件、多功能结构化表面、生物医学工程等;最后,对飞秒激光加工制造技术未来的发展趋势和研究方向进行展望。     

Flexible Organic Photovoltaic Cells with In Situ Nonthermal Photoreduction of Spin‐Coated Graphene Oxide Electrodes

The first reduction methodology, compatible with flexible, temperature‐sensitive substrates, for the production of reduced spin‐coated graphene oxide (GO) electrodes is reported. It is based on the use of a laser beam for the in situ, non‐thermal, reduction of spin‐coated GO films on flexible substrates over a large area. The photoreduction process is one‐step, facile, and is rapidly carried out at room temperature in air without affecting the integrity of the graphene lattice or the flexibility of the underlying substrate. Conductive graphene films with a sheet resistance of as low as 700 Ω sq^?1 and transmittance of 44% can be obtained, much higher than can be achieved for flexible layers reduced by chemical means. As a proof of concept of our technique, laser‐reduced GO (LrGO) films are utilized as transparent electrodes in flexible, bulk heterojunction, organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, replacing the traditional ITO. The devices displayed a power‐conversion efficiency of 1.1%, which is the highest reported so far for OPV device incorporating reduced GO as the transparent electrode. The in situ non‐thermal photoreduction of spin‐coated GO films creates a new way to produce flexible functional graphene electrodes for a variety of electronic applications in a process that carries substantial promise for industrial implementation.     

Above-threshold leakage in semiconductor lasers: An analyticalphysical model

We present an analytical physical model for above-threshold leakage in semiconductor lasers. The model can be applied to estimate whether heterobarrier lowering and accompanying overbarrier leakage are within reach of having serious deleterious effects on laser performance. The model uses two-dimensional fully self-consistent numerical equations that arise from comprehensive systems of partial coupled differential equations. The effect of temperature and doping on laser efficiency is analyzed for two lasers, one designed for operation at 1.3 μm and the other at 1.55 μm. Both devices are assumed to be built in the InGaAsP-InP material system. We show that, even in a 1.55-μm laser, overbarrier leakage can cause severe performance degradation at typical operating temperatures and doping levels, and we argue that overbarrier leakage deserves to be treated as a potential threat to laser performance at telecommunication wavelengths     

Self‐Supported 3D Array Electrodes for Sodium Microbatteries

The ever‐increasing demand for autonomous microelectronic devices necessitates on‐chip miniature energy storage systems such as microbatteries. Conventional microbatteries adopt planar thin‐film electrodes that display limited areal energy and power due to their undesired coupling. To achieve high energy and power simultaneously, employment of 3D array electrodes has proven indispensable. Adoption of 3D electrodes has become a fashionable trend in lithium microbatteries during the last decade. This trend also occurs in sodium batteries, which are an important alternative to the current lithium system owing to the potentially high power and wide availability of sodium. In this perspective, state‐of‐the‐art progress in design and application of 3D arrays for sodium microbatteries are summarized. Specifically, emphasis is placed on material strategies to efficiently address the intrinsic limitations of pristine arrays such as transportation, activity, and stability. Future challenges and prospects in this field are also discussed, and the importance of integrating novel concepts into 3D electrode fabrication, characterization, and modeling to meet practical requirements is highlighted.     

Development of Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Inks for High Performance Flexible Microsupercapacitors via Extrusion Printing

Extrusion printing of interdigitated electrodes for flexible microsupercapacitors (fMSCs) offers an attractive route to the fabrication of flexible devices where cost, scalability, and processability of ink formulations are critical. In this work, highly concentrated, viscous, and water‐dispersible inks are developed based on graphene oxide (GO)/polyaniline (PANi) composite for extrusion printing. The optimized GO/PANi‐based all‐solid‐state symmetric fMSCs obtained by extrusion printing interdigitated microelectrodes can deliver outstanding areal capacitance of 153.6 mF cm^?2 and volumetric capacitance of 19.2 F cm^?3 at 5 mV s^?1. It is shown that by fabricating asymmetric fMSCs using the GO/PANi as positive electrode and a graphene‐based negative electrode, the voltage window can be widened from 0.8 to 1.2 V and improvements can be achieved in energy density (from 3.36 to 4.83 mWh cm^?3), power density (from 9.82 to 25.3 W cm^?3), and cycling stability (from 75% to 100% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles) compared with the symmetric counterpart. The simple ink preparation and facile device fabrication protocols reported here make the scalable fabrication of extrusion printed fMSCs a promising technology.     

Flexible Transparent Supercapacitors: Materials and Devices

The progressive development of flexible transparent portable electronic devices is in urgent need of matching power sources. Flexible transparent supercapacitors (FTSCs) are the core resources due to their high optical transmittance, endurable mechanical flexibility, excellent electrochemical performance, and facilely accessible device configuration. This review organizes the rational design of nanostructured electrode materials toward FTSCs. First, the structure, mechanism, and property of FTSCs are introduced. Then, the design principles of diverse electrode materials are discussed to achieve flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs) with different figure of merits (both electrical FoMe and capacitive FoMc), mechanical strength, and environmental stability. Following the achievements in multifunctional FTSCs focusing on film-supercapacitors, micro-supercapacitors, electrochromic supercapacitors, photo-supercapacitors, and battery-like supercapacitors are also highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives on viable materials in the construction of FTSCs to power portable electronics are outlined.     

Polymer Brush Guided Formation of Conformal,Plasmonic Nanoparticle‐Based Electrodes for Microwire Solar Cells

This report explores the use of sacrificial thin polymer films prepared by surface‐initiated polymerization as a template for the fabrication of highly conformal metal nanoparticle solar cell electrodes. As a first proof‐of‐principle, the use of this method is demonstrated to prepare top electrodes on planar and microwire‐based silicon solar cell devices. These metal nanoparticle films are dual functional in that they not only mediate charge transport, but also enhance light capture due to the plasmonic scattering properties of the nanoparticles. Solar cells with a conformal silver nanoparticle‐based electrode layer show short circuit currents that are 46% higher as compared to those exhibit by devices coated with standard indium tin oxide as the electrode. It is anticipated that this methodology will contribute to novel electrode concepts in the next generation solar cells.     

飞秒激光加工低维纳米材料及应用

飞秒激光具有脉宽超短、瞬时功率密度超高、非线性加工的特点,对低维纳米材料的制备和加工有着独特的优势,且具有广泛的材料适应性,能够方便快捷地针对需要精确靶向定位和图案化加工的纳米材料做出加工策略。本文综述了飞秒激光对低维纳米材料的制备加工和改性的研究现状,介绍了时空整形飞秒脉冲激光方法下制备的功能性量子点、纳米线、二维薄膜材料,和这些材料在化学催化、生物化学检测、生物相容性及电子器件等领域的应用,分析讨论了激光液相烧蚀制备纳米材料和集成化器件加工当前所面临的挑战和今后的研究重点。     

红外波长的随机激光器设计及FDTD软件特性验证

深入研究了随机激光等效腔的局域化特性,引入了外部光反馈下激光器的理论分析速率方程,设计了磁旋光晶体的光隔离器件实现随机激光器的改进。采用的Nd:YAG激光器的实验结果验证了改进激光器可以降低散射损耗,实现紫外激光的方向性输出。FDTD仿真结果进一步表明波导的TE模的光增益近似是平面波导的两倍;信号和泵浦强度的耦合在改进波导结构有了明显改进;输出功率结果证实了结构降低随机激光器的散射损耗。研究结果对于随机激光的应用具有明显的参考价值。