萘胺废水处理工程的设计与运行

萘胺废水具有CODCr浓度高、酚浓度高的特点。采用Fe-C微电解工艺对其进行预处理,CODCr去除率大于30%,酚去除率大于60%,m(BOD5):m(CODCr)从0.11提高0.32。预处理后的废水经二级生化处理,在混合废水CODCr、BOD5、挥发酚的质量浓度分别为1 548、496、59 mg/L时,处理后出水分别为112、15、0.2 mg/L,出水水质达到G8 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》之二级标准。     

微电解与催化氧化法预处理二硝基苯废水的试验研究

二硝基苯生产废水具有硝基苯类化合物浓度高,盐量高,难降解等特点。CODCr的平均浓度为10 000 mg/L,含盐量达30 g/L。本研究采用微电解与催化氧化法对该废水进行处理。结果表明:微电解处理后硝基苯类物质的去除率可达90%以上,但CODCr的去除率较低,只有30%~50%;催化氧化处理后废水的CODCr去除率可达90%以上,但所需Fenton试剂量大,处理成本偏高;采用微电解-催化氧化法处理后CODCr去除率可达95%,硝基苯类物质、on试剂消耗量小,处理成本低。     

微电解-UASB-SBR法处理糠醛废水的试验研究

对采用微电解-UASB-SBR工艺处理企业排放的高浓度酸性糠醛废水进行了试验研究.研究结果表明,采用以活性炭和废铁屑为阴、阳极的微电解预处理糠醛废水,CODCr的去除率达到30%,再利用厌氧-好氧法进一步处理微电解出水,CODCr、BOD5总去除率达到99%以上,出水水质达到国家《污水综合排放标准》GB 8978-1996二级排放标准.     

Fenton高级氧化-铁碳微电解处理难降解有机废水的研究

采用Fenton高级氧化和铁碳微电解技术处理含硝基苯的模拟染料废水,通过重铬酸钾法测定化学需氧量(CODCr),确定最佳工艺参数。实验结果表明,在室温条件下,模拟废水CODCr为1825 mg/L,Fenton高级氧化处理废水的最佳条件为FeSO4和H2O2加入量分别为180 mg/L和4.8 mL/L,反应时间60 min,CODCr去除率可达79.07%;铁碳微电解处理废水的最佳条件为铁屑大小是40目,铁碳加入量为20 g/L,铁碳质量(g)比为1.5∶1,处理60 min,CODCr去除率可达50.50%;Fenton高级氧化-铁碳微电解联合处理时,CODCr去除率高达97.80%。     

Fe-C微电解法预处理高浓度印染废水的研究

采用强化Fe-C微电解工艺对酸性高浓度印染废水进行了试验研究.对于CODCr15000～32000 mg·L-1,色度1200～1500倍的高浓度印染废水,絮凝预处理可以使CODCr降低30%～50%,色度下降20%左右.由于该印染废水的pH仅为2.0～3.0,所以絮凝预处理后的废水,加入少量的H2O2有利于Fe-C微...     

铁碳内电解-SBR生化法处理硝基苯废水试验与研究

铁碳在水中发生的内电解过程可有效去除硝基苯废水的色度 ,提高污水的可生化性 ,并对CODCr具有良好的去除效果。试验结果表明 :进水CODCr为 34 0 0mg/L的硝基苯废水 ,经内电解法预处理后 ,脱色率可达 75 %,CODCr去除率也可达 6 0 %左右 ;后续处理采用SBR工艺 ,其去除CODCr效果较好 ,处理后的出水水质可达到国家有关标准排放要求的指标。     

Fe-Cu-C三元微电解法预处理含油废水的实验研究

利用微电解技术处理某石化企业含油废水,考察了m(Fe):m(Cu):m(C)、反应时间、初始pH对废水油去除率的影响.实验结果表明,Fe-Cu-C三元微电解反应体系的处理效果和速率均明显优于Fe-C二元微电解反应体系,且Fe-Cu-C三元微电解处理有更宽的pH适应范围;Fe-Cu-C三元微电解的最佳工艺参数为m(Fe):m(Cu):m(C)=2:1:1,反应时间为45 min,初始pH=4,在最佳条件下,除油率可达56％左右.     

微电解-接触氧化法处理甲壳素生产废水

采用微电解-接触氧化-过滤-吸附工艺处理甲壳素生产废水,结果表明:铁炭微电解对CODCr的去除率达30%,pH由0.7提高到5.5;生化处理的CODCr去除率达80%以上。     

铁碳微电解深度处理煤制气废水的条件优化

采用铁碳微电解对煤制气项目生化处理后的废水进行深度处理。分别考察了静态实验条件下废水的初始p H值、反应时间、铁碳微电解一体化填料的类型及投加量对微电解反应效果的影响。经过实验筛选出最佳的铁碳微电解填料为Poten-ICME05及p H值为3.01、投加量80 g/L及反应时间为60 min是最佳反应条件。在此条件下,废水CODCr从初始的133.6 mg/L降到27.0 mg/L,去除率为79.79%;废水浊度由初始的0.63 NTU降到0.29 NTU,去除率为53.97%;废水色度由初始的260倍降到10倍,去除率为96.15%;BOD5/CODCr由初始的0.166提高到0.353,废水的可生化性得到较好的改善。经处理后出水水质主要指标完全可以达到地方排放标准CODCr≤40 mg/L。结果表明:Poten-ICME05是一种性能良好的微电解一体化填料,对去除废水中CODCr、浊度、色度等的效果最好,能有效地应用于煤制气废水的深度处理。     

高浓度硝基苯类废水的处理

采用Fenton试剂-微电解-厌氧滤池(AF)-序批式活性污泥法(SBR)工艺处理高浓度硝基苯类废水。连续运行结果表明,该处理工艺对此类高浓度硝基苯类废水处理效果良好,在进水CODCr质量浓度为11240mg/L时,CODCr的总去除率大于99%,出水水质的各项主要指标达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级排放标准。操作运行稳定,是处理高浓度硝基苯类废水的有效方法之一。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。