Automatic nematode detection in cod fillets (Gadus morhua L.) by hyperspectral imaging

Detection of objects embedded in tissue, using visible light, is difficult due to light scattering. The optical properties of the surrounding tissue will influence the spectral characteristics of the light interacting with the object, and the spectral signature observed from the object will be directly affected. A method for calibrating the spectral signature of small objects, embedded in translucent material, by the estimated local background spectrum is presented. The method is evaluated under industrial conditions in a new hyperspectral imaging system for automatic detection of nematodes in cod fillets. The system operates at a conveyor belt speed of 400 mm/s which meets the industrial required speed of assessing one fillet per second. The local calibration method reduces the number of spectra needed to be classified by 89.6%. For one or more false alarms in 60% of the fillets sampled after the trimming station, the Gaussian maximum likelihood classifier detects 70.8% and 60.3% of the dark and pale nematodes, respectively. This is better than what is previously reported using a higher resolution instrument on a slow moving conveyor belt, and comparable or better to what is reported for manual inspection under industrial conditions.     

Classification of dates varieties and effect of motion blurring on standardized moment features

Computer vision technology has been used as a successful non-destructive quality assessment tool for various food products. In general, several features are extracted from the images of interest, and used for the classification models. Furthermore, in most of the studies, static images have been used in the calibration and evaluation models. Classification models with a reduced number of features, and a mechanism to test the capability of the algorithm for moving objects by means of simulating the blurring effect on the static images would be beneficial to determine the performance of the system in real-time quality monitoring in industries. Using three date varieties as model food, motion was simulated for the date’s images and a successful neural network classifier was designed with only three statistical features (mean, standard deviation, and skewness). The reduced number of features and simplicity of the classifier yielded a solution that can be potentially implemented in hardware fast enough so that to consider the case of classification of the dates in a conveyor belt. To test the solution under such conditions, a blurring degradation function was used to verify that the classifier would work. The effects that motion blurring causes to these statistical moments in a general sense were examined using random numbers drawn from the distribution in the Pearson system. Because motion blurring showed a tendency to change the distribution to a Gaussian density, the same features and classifier yielded similar results despite of motion.     

高效高精度动态静态组合块状食品称重分选系统

将高效的动态传输和高精度的静态称重相结合,开发高效高精度的块状食品称重分选系统。该系统采用传输带完成物料的不间断传输,在称重前将物料依次排成多排,利用多个静态称重传感器依次完成物料间歇的静态称重,并依次落料后进行分类包装,完成静态称重和动态传输相结合的高效高精度的块状食品称重,称重分级的重量可根据实际需要调整,系统每分钟可称重150次,称重精度可达到0.1%,称重误差≤±0.002kg达到称重高精度标准。控制系统采用人机界面(HMI)和PLC相结合的控制方式,操作简便、可靠性强、可视化程度较高,同时带有远程控制接口,能够完成系统的远程监控。     

四罗拉集聚纺纱系统三维流场模拟与分析

为探究四罗拉集聚纺纱系统集聚区域负压气流对须条集聚效果的影响,使用ICEM CFD软件创建了四罗拉集聚纺纱系统集聚区域的流体动力学模型,采用ANSYS Fluent Release 16.0软件对集聚区域的流场情况进行数值计算,表征了集聚区域的气流分布情况,给出了速度分布规律的数值表征,最后设置不同压强的集聚区负压来纺制纱线进行测试研究。结果表明:吸风槽6°的斜度没有对入口处的横向静压产生影响,吸风槽横向的静压成“U”型分布;不同轴向的速度分量对须条的作用效果不同;横向聚集方向气流对须条有加捻的作用;吸风槽负压增大时,纱线的强力增大,断裂伸长降低,毛羽减少,条干不匀率增加。     

家具组装设计中虚拟干扰的检测

３Ｄ—ＣＡＤ软件进行家具组装设计时常常会出现虚拟干扰，本文提出了用于检测这种干扰的三步法。通过此法来检测静态干扰、由于木材的胀缩产生的干扰和由于零件的运劝所产生的动态干扰。并以两门一屉小柜为例说明了此法的有效性。     

凝聚槽类型对转杯内气流场影响的数值模拟

为探究G、T、U、S型凝聚槽对36 mm直径转杯内气流场的影响,在软件Fluent中对三维流场进行数值计算分析。结果表明:在相同工艺条件下,凝聚槽在1周(0°~360°)范围内,4种槽型的速度大小为G型T型U型S型,在0°与360°位置处静压大小为G型S型U型T型,其余各角度位置处静压大小为S型U型T型G型。各槽型内气流静压和速度趋势基本一致,以T型槽为例,输棉通道内的静压位于-32 886.15~18 224.56 Pa之间,转杯内的静压大部分处于-13 719.63~-7 330.80 Pa之间;输棉通道内的气流随着管道直径的减小而加速运动,在出口处达到最大值261.81 m/s。     

高速机器人分拣系统机器视觉技术的研究

针对我国食品生产行业的实际需求,基于并联机器人、机器视觉等先进技术,构建了面向食品生产包装的高速机器人分拣系统,研究了输送带上运动食品的机器视觉定位算法,设计了运动食品分级与定位的机器视觉硬件系统,基于专业图像处理软件Sherlock,研发了自动分拣机器视觉软件系统,以提高我国食品生产效率、保证食品卫生、降低劳动强度。     

Ozone application in a modified screw conveyor to treat grain for insect pests, fungal contaminants, and mycotoxins

Recent efforts have focused on improving the application of ozone technology as a pest management tool for stored grain. This study evaluated the efficacy of a modified screw conveyor to treat grain with ozone in a continuous-flow system. The ozone concentration delivered into the screw conveyor was 47,800 ppm and the average retention time for a corn kernel moving through the system was 1.8 min. Under these conditions, 100% mortality of adult red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)) and adult maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.)) was achieved after three passes through the screw conveyor, which equated to a concentration × time (CT) product value of 258,120 ppm-min. The potential effectiveness of the continuous treatment to reduce mold on the surface of corn kernels was also explored. Aspergillus flavus counts were reduced by 96% in a single pass through the screw conveyor. Three passes through the screw conveyor reduced the mold count by more than 2-log units. Ozone treatment also reduced aflatoxin applied to the grain; however, the reduction was not sufficient enough to be of commercial value. The results of this study provide valuable information for estimating the parameters needed for effectively treating grain in a commercial scale continuous-flow treatment system.     

圆装袖肩部造型结构设计

为分析圆装袖肩部造型结构对其静态造型和动态舒适度的影响,本文通过制作圆装袖样衣以及进行样衣动静态试穿实验,研究肩部造型要素对圆装袖结构设计的影响,并建立圆装袖样衣静态美观性、动态舒适性以及手臂活动角度预测方程。研究表明腋下造型对样衣静态美观性的影响最大;手臂侧举45o袖肥对样衣动态舒适性的影响最大;静态美观性好的样衣动态舒适性差;利用预测方程可以预测圆装袖的动静态穿着特性,为设计生产工作提供理论指导。     

钻孔皮圈集聚纺纱系统三维流场的模拟与分析

为研究钻孔皮圈集聚纺纱系统气流对须条的集聚效果,采用3D CFD技术建立了钻孔皮圈集聚纺纱系统集聚区域的计算流体动力学模型,应用软件Fluent 6.3对集聚区域内流场进行并行计算,表征了集聚区域流场的流动情况,解析集聚区域内流场的静压分布及速度分布规律。研究结果表明：气流速度沿不同的轴向分量对须条的集聚作用不同;集聚区静压与流速沿Z轴向的分布规律相似;该系统集聚机制以气流集聚为主,椭圆孔与圆孔处的静压与速度分布规律存在差异,椭圆孔比圆孔具有更佳的集聚效果。     

剪叉式高空作业平台剪叉臂疲劳寿命分析及预测

疲劳破坏是剪叉式高空作业平台剪叉臂的主要失效形式之一。用有限元分析软件建立剪叉臂的有限元模型,对其进行静力强度分析,得出剪叉臂在服役中的应力集中区域,再通过设置监测点测试剪叉臂不同位置处的应力状态。结果表明,在剪叉平台开始上升的初始时刻,剪叉臂最大应力发生在靠近油缸支耳下端铰接孔处,说明升降液压缸的驱动力对剪叉臂强度影响很大,且测试结果与仿真结果具有较好的一致性。通过名义应力法并结合材料的疲劳寿命曲线,对剪叉臂结构的疲劳寿命进行预测,为剪叉式高空作业平台的可靠性设计和结构优化提供依据。     

System approach and system analysis in dietology

There is analysis of using of two variants of the auto-program of dietotherapy in the article: numeric system and basis system. They belong the same kind of building type, but are different in the type of functioning principle. Numeric system is built upon nosological principle taking into consideration the clinicopathogenetic features of disease. The basic diets built upon metabolic principle that a matter is adaptation of chemical content, alimentary and food value of diet for concrete mechanism of metabolic disturbance. At the same time metabolic conveyor is considered as system organization of the separate functional systems that are in the permanent dynamic and the interacting with each other. This organization is combined on the principle of auto regulation and set in correction and recovery of disturbed homeostasis as a whole. Selection of practical using of mentioned principles of diets is a right of the specialist-dieitian. Auto-program of diet building should help him in that and simplify the organization of dietotherapy.     

网格圈集聚纺纱系统三维流场表征与分析

 通过建立流体动力学模型,利用标准κ-ε湍流模型及并行计算技术对网格圈集聚纺纱系统集聚区流场进行了模拟与表征,分析集聚区域内气流的流动状况,解析吸气斜槽入口曲面上气流的静压分布及速度分布规律,并讨论速度分布对须条的作用效果。研究结果表明：网格圈集聚纺纱系统是利用负压效应来产生集聚气流;斜槽入口曲面上的负压使网格圈向异形管内凹;X、Y、Z轴向的速度分量对须条的作用效果各不相同;集聚区产生附加捻度的区域主要靠近吸气斜槽的S1端。     

基于手部动作分析的防割手套分区设计

为研究防割手套分区方式,自制压力检测手套,选取手部16个代表性压力采集点,测量手部抓握时16个采集点压力值,通过分析手部抓握动作对防割手套进行功能分区。结果表明,手部抓握过程分为3个阶段,其受力均遵循先上升后下降规律;性别对手套分区设计基本无影响;根据压力分布将采集点分4大类并对防割手套进行分区设计,给出防割手套设计建议,不同区域采取不同防护方法,提高防割手套效用。     

Heating patterns of white bread loaf in combined radio frequency and hot air treatment

This research investigated heating uniformities of prepackaged bread loaf using combined radio frequency (RF) and hot air treatments to reduce mold growth. Experiments were conducted in a 6 kW, 27.12 MHz pilot-scale RF system. Effects of the gap between two RF plate electrodes, horizontal and vertical locations of bread loaf, as well as running speed of conveyor belt were studied. When the bread loaf was located in the center plane between the two electrodes 202 mm apart, and on a conveyor belt moving at a speed of 1 cm/s to reach a minimum sample temperature of 58 °C, the temperature distribution within each slice was relatively uniform, with less than a 5 °C difference. The cold spot was located at the core of the bread loaves. Higher surface temperature should be useful to assist in inactivation of molds that are commonly vegetated on the surface of the whole loaf.     

网格圈集聚纺纱系统三维流场表征与分析

通过建立流体动力学模型,利用标准κ-ε湍流模型及并行计算技术对网格圈集聚纺纱系统集聚区流场进行了模拟与表征,分析集聚区域内气流的流动状况,解析吸气斜槽入口曲面上气流的静压分布及速度分布规律,并讨论速度分布对须条的作用效果。研究结果表明：网格圈集聚纺纱系统是利用负压效应来产生集聚气流;斜槽入口曲面上的负压使网格圈向异形管内凹;X、Y、Z轴向的速度分量对须条的作用效果各不相同;集聚区产生附加捻度的区域主要靠近吸气斜槽的S1端。     

On-line analysis of intact olive fruits by vis–NIR spectroscopy: Optimisation of the acquisition parameters

In the last years, the potential of NIRS for quantitative and qualitative analysis of olives fruits and oils has been investigated. However, limited work has been published about the on-line implementation of NIR spectroscopy in this sector. NIRS application at factory level (olive mills) is desirable. However, prior its implementation, many parameters related to the on-line spectrum acquisition, must be studied and optimised. In this paper, the influence of parameters such as focal distance and integration time has been studied. On-line spectral measurements were performed on intact olives in the spectral range of 380–1690 nm using a diode array spectrometer located on the top of a conveyor belt. The statistical criteria used to evaluate the spectral repeatability for each level of parameters considered were the standard deviation (SD) of the log (1/R) values and the root mean square statistics (RMS). Results demonstrated that for on-line control of olives in movement, spectra acquisition process was more affected by the focal distance chosen than by the integration time used. A focal distance of 13 mm and an integration time of 5 s have been defined as the optimal operational conditions.     

远红外支具手套对脑卒中患者手部血液循环作用的研究

矫形器作为治疗脑卒中患者肢体运动功能障碍的有效方法之一,贯穿于脑卒中后偏瘫上肢康复的治疗全程。应用手功能测试仪,对20例健康受试者和20例脑卒中患者佩戴远红外支具手套前后的手部血液灌注量进行测试,并采用配对样本t检验法,分析远红外支具手套对脑卒中患者手部血液灌注量的影响,发现远红外支具手套具有促进脑卒中患者手部血液循环的作用,对脑卒中患者有较好的康复辅助治疗效果。     

挤出式奶油输送机特性分析及优化设计

通过分析输送机的工况需求,研究影响输送的相关因素,确定了输送机工作过程的力学特性模型。采用分析力学方法,得到影响等直径变螺距因素的力学特性模型;利用Unigraphics NX建立三维模型,并导入Ansys Workbench软件中进行静力学仿真、模态分析和优化设计。结果表明,通过仿真分析和优化,奶油输送机的最大变形量发生在螺旋轴顶部边缘,优化后结构的质量、总变形量及等效应力上均减少了10%以上。