微型电机轴的绿色加工方法

介绍了一种微型电机轴的绿色加工方法,它突破了微型电机轴传统的加工方法,改车削两端半球面为冷镦,变外圆磨削为冷拉.由于是无切屑加工,节省了材料;由于取消了热处理,节省了能源;由于省去了磨削工序,节约了成本,减轻了对环境的污染,因而实现了微型电机轴的绿色加工.     

双足型直线超声电机的原理分析及结构设计

研制了一种新型直线超声电机,首先对其驱动机理进行了探讨,对定子表面质点椭圆运动的形成进行了分析,结合电机输入电压信号的时序阐明了电机工作模态的激发过程;其次对电机结构进行了设计,确定了振子尺寸,组装了一台直线超声电机.     

芳烃抽提装置真空系统节能降耗改造

介绍了采用装置自产瓦斯为介质的芳烃抽提破真空工艺,节约了氮气消耗,降低了生产成本,保护了溶剂,提高了装置综合经济效益。     

基于单片机的机床动力滑台控制系统的改造

提出了一种新的机床动力滑台控制系统,突破了传统机床动力滑台二次工进最大速度受其一次工进速度的限制,适应了生产需要,提高了工作效率,文中给出了组成图并介绍了其工作原理.     

液压系统的改造设计研究

对冷床上卸钢系统和四辊轧机开卷机液压系统存在的问题进行了分析,找出了产生问题的原因,并对原液压系统进行了改造,经改造后的系统,减少了油液的泄漏,提高了系统的稳定性,减小了维修强度,降低了维修成本,提高了系统的工作效率.     

基于协同应用平台的汽车售后服务系统研究

阐述了国内外汽车制造企业售后服务信息化发展现状,分析了汽车售后服务业务流程,研究了ASP模式的协同应用平台,并根据汽车售后服务的业务特点构建了基于协同应用平台的售后服务系统体系结构。最后,设计了系统的模块,描述了其基本功能,并对系统进行了开发。     

中国农技推广协会四届三次常务理事会在京召开

2007年8月25日,中国农业技术推广协会在北京召开了四届三次常务理事会.在京常务理事和会长、秘书长等参加了会议.陈耀邦会长出席会议并作了重要讲话,夏敬源常务副会长主持了会议.会议传达贯彻了全国农业厅局长座谈会和全国基层农技推广体系改革和建设会议精神,总结交流了上半年工作进展,研究部署了下半年工作重点,讨论决定了会员管理、理事增补等事宜.     

控制焊接飞溅物 提高液压油箱清洁度

阐述了液压油箱的结构和制造工艺。通过改进结构,方便了焊接操作;通过细化工艺,确定了焊接规范,从而控制了飞溅,减少了油箱内的清理量,提高了清洁度。     

CRM的2003

又一年过去了，对于CRM已是第四年了，这一年似乎特别的冷默与寂静，少了许多“热闹”，却多了许多“变化”；少了许多“概念”，多了许多“方案”；少了许多“专家”，多了许多“供应商”；……     

基于有限元分析方法的高速电主轴热态特性研究

介绍了高速电主轴的特点,分析了高速电主轴单元的热变形机理与散热机制。建立了某型高速电主轴热态特性有限元分析模型,利用ANSYS进行了稳态／瞬态温度场及热-结构耦合场分析,并利用分布加载瞬态热分析模拟了机床一天中的实际工作情况,得到了电主轴的温度场变化情况,为有效控制电主轴的温升提供了理论依据。在分析结果的基础上,提出了改善电主轴热态特性的措施,为电主轴冷却结构设计提供了参考。     

Effects of prebuckling deformations on the elastic flexural-torsional buckling of laterally fixed arches

The effect of the prebuckling in-plane deformations on the elastic flexural-torsional buckling of laterally fixed circular arches is studied in this paper. The finite strains and the energy equation for the flexural-torsional buckling of arches have been derived based on an accurate orthogonal rotation matrix. A closed form solution for the elastic flexural-torsional buckling resistance of laterally fixed arches in uniform bending, including the effects of the prebuckling deformations, is obtained. It is found that the notion that the prebuckling deformations increase the flexural-torsional buckling moment of an arch or of a beam is not necessarily correct for a laterally fixed arch or beam in uniform bending, in deference to a laterally pinned arch. When a laterally fixed arch is subjected to positive uniform bending, the effects of the prebuckling deformations decrease the buckling moment, and the reduction of the buckling moment increases with an increase of the included angle and of the out-of-plane slenderness ratio of the arch. When a laterally fixed arch is subjected to negative uniform bending, the effects of the prebuckling deformations decrease the absolute value of its buckling moment when the included angle is very small, but increase the absolute value of the buckling moment when the included angle exceeds a certain value. The increase in the absolute value of the buckling moment increases with an increase of the included angle and of the out-of-plane slenderness ratio of the arch. When the ratio of the out-of-plane to the in-plane second moments of area of the cross-section is not small, both the reduction of the buckling moment of a laterally fixed arch in positive uniform bending and the increase of the buckling moment of a laterally fixed arch in negative uniform bending, are substantial.     

车门静态强度的有限元分析模拟

轿车门系统结构设计与优化是整车开发过程中的重要环节。车门的强度直接关系到整车在冲击、碰撞等载荷下的安全问题,车门结构静态强度的计算分析,在车门结构设计进程中非常重要。文中首先简要介绍了静态强度所涉及到的非线性有限元的基本理论,然后以某中高级轿车前车门为例,利用计算机辅助分析车门的静态强度,考虑变形的非线性因素,通过对车门的非线性有限元求解来分析车门强度,由计算所得到的车门强度性能指标来指导车门的结构设计。     

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF NOVEL ACTIVE ACTUATOR TO CONTROL LOW FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS OF SHAFT SYSTEM

Aiming at providing with high-load capability in active vibration control of large-scale rotor system, a new type of active actuator to simultaneously reduce the dangers of low frequency flexural and torsional vibrations is designed. The actuator employs electro-hydraulic system and can provide a high and circumferential load. To initialize new research, the characteristics of various kinds of active actuators to control rotor shaft vibration are briefly introduced. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the preliminary results via presenting the structure, functions and operating principles, in particular, the working process of the electro-hydraulic system of the new actuator which includes a set of high speed electromagnetic valves and a series of sloping cone-shaped openings, and presenting the transmission relationships among the control parameters from control signals into the valves to active load onto shaft. The course of the work is dynamic, and a series of spatial forces and moments are put on the shaft to get an external resultant force to reduce excitations that induce vibration of shafts. By checking states of vibration, the actuator can control the impulse width and the interval of injection time for applying different control force to a vibration shaft in two circumference directions through the regulating action of a set of combination directional control valves. The results from simulating analysis and experiment show evidence of that this design can satisfy the case of active process of decreasing of flexural and torsional vibrations.     

INFLUENCE OF ROLL DIAMETERS ON DEFORMATION BEHAVIOUR OF HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING TAPE

During plastic process,the material flow is strongly influenced by the contact area between deformed workpiece and die.In rolling process,difference of roll diameter makes the contact area between roll and deformed tape different,which leads to different material flow and the distribution of powder density.A numerical modelling of the first rolling process for 61-filament high temperature superconducting tape is constructed and the influences of roll diameters on deformation behavior of the tape are discussed.It can be found that the BiSrCaCuO(BSCCO)powder in the center of the tape has higher relative density than those in the periphery of the tape during rolling process.With the increase of roll diameter,the length of the contact arc in the roll gap expands which lead to the in- creasing of transversal strain and the decreasing of the related longitudinal strain.It makes the value of longitudinal strain ratio decrease gradually,which decreases the possibility of occurrence of the transversal shear band,simultaneously it increases the risk of occurrence of longitudinal crack.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.     

The effect of basic nitrogen compounds on the tribological performance of sulphurised olefin

The effect of the molecular structure of basic nitrogen compounds on the lubricating properties of sulphurised olefin has been investigated using a Timken tester. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) were used to study the chemical states of sulphur and nitrogen on the rubbed surfaces and the reaction rates of sulphur and iron separately. It was found that the antiwear and friction reduction properties of sulphurised olefin are greatly influenced by the different molecular structures of the basic nitrogen compounds. A composite additive package containing basic nitrogen compounds with sulphurised olefin can produce either synergistic or antagonistic effects, due to the influence of the different molecular structures of the basic nitrogen compounds. XPS analysis revealed that a tribochemical protective film containing nitrogen and sulphur was formed on the rubbed surface. EDAX analysis indicated that the reaction rates between elemental sulphur and iron were influenced by the different molecular structures of the basic nitrogen compounds. It was found that the apparent reaction rates of elemental sulphur and iron are related to the tribological characteristics of the additive package.     

PHENOMENON OF CARVED DRIVING WHEELS

A newly found phenomenon of carved driving wheels of a rear-wheel-drive tractor used in an airport is discussed. The circum of every driving wheel is damaged at three regions,which distribute regularly and uniformly. Everyday,the tractor tows a trailer which are times heavier than the tractor,and moves on the same road in the airport. The phenomenon is explained by the torsional self-excited vibration system of the powertrain. The simplified torsional vibration system is discribed by a 2-order ordinary differential equation,which has a limit circle. Experiments and numerical simulations show the followings: Because of the heavy trailer,the slip ratio of the tractor’s driving wheels is very large. Therefore,there is severe torsional self-excited vibration in the tractor’s drivetrain,and the self-excited vibration results in severe and regular fluctuations of the rear wheel’s velocity. The severe fluctuations in velocity fastens the damage of the driving wheels. At the same time,the time interval in which an arbitrary point in the circum of the driving wheel contacts with the road twice is two times more than the period of the torsional self-excited vibration,and this times explained the existence of three damaged regions. At last,it points out that the phenomenon can be avoided when the torsional damping is large enough.     

Computer simulation of turbine oil oxidation. 2: Consumption of a hindered phenol antioxidant in laboratory oxidation tests and in service

The computer simulation study of consumption of di-tert-butyl p-cresol (DBPC) was extended to the oxidation of hexadecane/tetralin model oils under conditions of laboratory oxidation tests and in service. The oxidation lives of the model oils in the ALCOA oxidation test and the ASTM D2272 rotary bomb and D943 turbine oil oxidation tests were successfully predicted from the simulation study. The oxidation behaviour of the model oils is compared to that of a turbine oil used in actual service units. The model oil having 6 mass % of tetralin showed almost identical oxidation behaviour to the turbine oil when the same amount of DBPC was added (0.6 mass %). The calculation shows that the direct oxidation of antioxidants is the main process of antioxidant consumption in the laboratory oxidation tests as well as in the model oxidation system without metal catalysts. In most of the service units which operated at moderate conditions the calculation shows that the direct oxidation of antioxidants is also the main, process. As a consequence, the rate of antioxidant consumption does not depend much on the tetralin content in the model oils. The oxidation behaviour of the model oils in the service units which operate under severe conditions, such as in the high temperature regions of turbines, is calculated by setting a flow reactor model. The results of this calculation show in this case that the turbine oil degradation occurs mostly in the high temperature regions and that the rate of antioxidant consumption increases with an increased amount of tetralin in the model oils. This strong dependence on base oil composition can be attributed to the increased importance of antioxidant consumption through the inhibition of oxidation.     

ADAPTIVE RIGID-PLASTIC MESHLESS GALERKIN METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION IN ANALYSIS OF EXTRUSION PROCESSES

Under the hypothesis of the rigid-plastic material,specific efforts are placed on the deve-lopments of the key simulation techniques of the meshless Galerkin method because of the complexity of the deformation process as well as the generality and atomization of the simulation procedures for non-steady state large deformation plastic processes,therefore,an adaptive rigid meshless Galerkin method is developed. The influence domain control method is used in the least square approximation by dynamic evaluation of the magnitude of the influence domain and the effective control of the amount and the positions of the points in the least square approximation in order to improve approxi-mation precision. The amount of the Gauss integration points in the discrete domain is maintained in a considerable magnitude in order to ensure the integration precision in the discrete domain. The length of the frictional boundary of the plastic deformation process may be getting longer when its deforma-tion is getting severe. Thus,the densities of the boundary points of some places get lower. The adap-tive boundary points setting method is employed to improve the approximation precision of the boundary points and enhance the constraint of the boundary condition by adaptive control of boun-dary point density. Some typical extrusion processes are analyzed,detail simulation results such as the deformation field,velocity field,effective strain field,effective strain rate field,the volume loss curve and load-stroke curve are obtained. The effectiveness of the method developed is demonstrated and the precision of the meshless simulation is proved by overall comparison with the results obtained by using the commercial software deform.