基于核的Fisher非线性最佳鉴别分析在人脸识别中的应用

抽取最佳鉴别特征是人脸识别中的重要一步。对小样本的高维人脸图像样本,由于各种抽取非线性鉴别特征的方法均存在各自的问题,为此提出了一种求解核的Fisher非线性最佳鉴别特征的新方法,该方法首先在特征空间用类间散度阵和类内散度阵作为Fisher准则,来得到最佳非线性鉴别特征,然后针对此方法存在的病态问题,进一步在类内散度阵的零空间中求解最佳非线性鉴别矢量。基于ORL人脸数据库的实验表明,该新方法抽取的非线性最佳鉴别特征明显优于Fisher线性鉴别分析(FLDA)的线性特征和广义鉴别分析(GDA)的非线性特征。     

一种用于人脸识别的非线性鉴别特征融合方法

最近，在人脸等图像识别领域，用于抽取非线性特征的核方法如核Fisher鉴别分析(KFDA)已经取得成功并得到了广泛应用，但现有的核方法都存在这样的问题，即构造特征空间中的核矩阵所耗费的计算量非常大．而且，抽取得到的单类特征往往不能获得到令人满意的识别结果．提出了一种用于人脸识别的非线性鉴别特征融合方法，即首先利用小波变换和奇异值分解对原始输入样本进行降雏变换，抽取同一样本空间的两类特征，然后利用复向量将这两类特征组合在一起，构成一复特征向量空间，最后在该空间中进行最优鉴别特征抽取．在ORL标准人脸库上的试验结果表明所提方法不仅在识别性能上优于现有的核Fisher鉴别分析方法，而且，在ORL人脸库上的特征抽取速度提高了近8倍．     

基于散度差准则的隐空间特征抽取方法

本文提出了一种新的非线性特征抽取方法——基于散度差准则的隐空间特征抽取方法。该方法的主要思想就是首先利用一核函数将原始输入空间非线性变换到隐空间，然后，在该隐空间中，利用类间离散度与类内离散度之差作为鉴别准则进行特征抽取。与现有的核特征抽取方法不同，该方法不需要核函数满足Mercer定理，从而增加了核函数的选择范围。更为重要的是，由于采用了散度差作为鉴别准则，从根本上避免了传统的Fisher线性鉴别分析所遇到的小样本问题。在ORL人脸数据库和AR标准人脸库上的试验结果验证了本文方法的有效性。     

一种改进的核特征抽取方法及其在人脸识别中的应用

首先利用核函数技术将原始样本隐式地映射到高维特征空间;然后在高维空间里利用再生核理论建立基于Fisher鉴别极小准则的2个等价模型;最后在该空间的核类间散布矩阵的非零空间和零空间中应用Fisher极小鉴别准则求取核鉴别矢量.在人脸库上的实验结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

新的非线性鉴别特征抽取方法及人脸识别

在非线性空间中采用新的最大散度差鉴别准则,提出了一种新的核最大散度差鉴别分析方法.该方法不仅有效地抽取了人脸图像的非线性鉴别特征,而且从根本上避免了以往核Fisher鉴别分析中训练样本总数较多时,通常存在的核散布矩阵奇异的问题,计算复杂度大大降低,识别速度有了明显的提高.在ORL人脸数据库上的实验结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

基于加权Fisher准则的线性鉴别分析及人脸识别

提出了一种基于加权Fisher准则线性鉴别分析的人脸识别方法。该方法引入了一种新的权函数对Fisher准则加权,以提高样本在低维线性空间中的可分性,然后探讨了高维、奇异情况下如何降低运算量的问题,并给出了一个简单高效的算法。在ORL标准人脸库上进行测试,由该算法抽取的特征在最近邻分类器和最小距离分类器下均达到96%的正确识别率,这一结果优于经典的特征脸和Fisher脸方法在该库上的识别结果。     

基于核正交半监督鉴别分析的人脸识别算法

针对人脸识别中的非线性特征提取和有标记样本不足问题,提出了在核空间具有正交性半监督鉴别矢量的计算方法。算法利用核函数将人脸数据映射到高维非线性空间,在该空间采用边界Fisher判别分析（Marginal Fisher Analysis,MFA）算法将少量有类别标签样本进行降维,同时采用无监督鉴别投影（Unsupervised Discriminant Projection,UDP）对大量无标签样本进行学习,以半监督的方法构造算法的目标函数,在特征值求解时以正交方式找出最优投影向量,进行人脸识别。通过实验,在ORL和YALE人脸数据库上验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种改进的Fisher判别方法在人脸识别中的应用

对核Fisher鉴别分析进行了深入分析,发现了一种等价的但更为简单的非线性特征抽取方法.该方法利用一个映射将原始输入空间变换到一个更低维的空间RN中,然后在该空间上利用线性Fisher鉴别分析进行最优特征抽取.讨论了特征提取的一般模型,并提出了一种基于矩阵相似度的特征提取算法.通过ORL人脸数据库的数值实验,表明该算法比传统Fisher算法有更好的性能.     

一种高效的人脸识别算法

提出一种基于局部Fisher鉴别分析(LFDA)和优化支持向量机(SVM)的高效人脸识别算法。在综合考虑局部几何结构和类别信息的基础上,利用LFDA将高维人脸数据映射到低维特征空间,避免维数灾难问题。在该低维特征空间中,使用经乘性更新规则训练的优化SVM对人脸数据进行分类识别。在人脸数据库上的实验结果表明,该算法的运算速度较快,识别准确率较高。     

核典型相关性鉴别分析

提出一种新的基于典型相关性的核鉴别分析,以图片集为基础的人脸识别算法。把每个图片集映射到一个高维特征空间,然后通过核线性鉴别分析(KLDA)处理,得到相应的核子空间。通过计算两典型向量的典型差来估计两个子空间的相似度。根据核Fisher准则,基于类间典型差与类内典型差的比率建立核子空间的相关性来得到核典型相关性鉴别分析(KDCC)算法。在ORL、NUST603、FERNT和XM2VTS人脸库上的实验结果表明,该算法能够更有效提取样本特征,在识别率上要优于典型相关性鉴别分析(DCC)和核鉴别转换(KDT)算法。     

极小化类内散布度的大间距非线性鉴别分析

提出了一种新的非线性鉴别分析算法——极小化类内散布的大间距非线性鉴别分析。该算法的主要思想是将原始样本映射到更高维的空间中,利用核技术对传统的大间距分类算法进行改进,在新的高维空间中利用再生核技术寻找核鉴别矢量,使得在这个新的空间中核类内散度尽可能的小。在ORL人脸数据库上进行实验,分析了识别率及识别时间,结果表明该方法具有一定优势。     

Kernel-based improved discriminant analysis and its application to face recognition

Kernel discriminant analysis (KDA) is a widely used tool in feature extraction community. However, for high-dimensional multi-class tasks such as face recognition, traditional KDA algorithms have the limitation that the Fisher criterion is nonoptimal with respect to classification rate. Moreover, they suffer from the small sample size problem. This paper presents a variant of KDA called kernel-based improved discriminant analysis (KIDA), which can effectively deal with the above two problems. In the proposed framework, origin samples are projected firstly into a feature space by an implicit nonlinear mapping. After reconstructing between-class scatter matrix in the feature space by weighted schemes, the kernel method is used to obtain a modified Fisher criterion directly related to classification error. Finally, simultaneous diagonalization technique is employed to find lower-dimensional nonlinear features with significant discriminant power. Experiments on face recognition task show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional KDA and LDA.     

一种核最大散度差判别分析人脸识别方法

提出一种有效的非线性子空间学习方法--核最大散度差判别分析(KMSD),并将其用于人脸识别.核最大散度差判别分析首先把输入空间的样本非线性映射到特征空间,然后通过核方法的技巧,采用最大散度差判别分析(MSD)方法在特征空间里求解.在Yale和ORL人脸数据库上的实验结果表明,提出的核最大散度差判别分析方法用于人脸识别具有较高的识别率.     

Kernel-based nonlinear discriminant analysis for face recognition

Linear subspace analysis methods have been successfully applied to extract features for face recognition.But they are inadequate to represent the complex and nonlinear variations of real face images,such as illumination,facial expression and pose variations,because of their linear properties.In this paper,a nonlinear subspace analysis method,Kernel-based Nonlinear Discriminant Analysis (KNDA),is presented for face recognition,which combines the nonlinear kernel trick with the linear subspace analysis method-Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis (FLDA).First,the kernel trick is used to project the input data into an implicit feature space,then FLDA is performed in this feature space.Thus nonlinear discriminant features of the input data are yielded.In addition,in order to reduce the computational complexity,a geometry-based feature vectors selection scheme is adopted.Another similar nonlinear subspace analysis is Kernel-based Principal Component Analysis (KPCA),which combines the kernel trick with linear Principal Component Analysis (PCA).Experiments are performed with the polynomial kernel,and KNDA is compared with KPCA and FLDA.Extensive experimental results show that KNDA can give a higher recognition rate than KPCA and FLDA.     

基于多核Fisher判别分析的人脸特征提取

核Fisher判别分析法是一种有效的非线性判别分析法。传统的核Fisher判别分析仅选用单个核函数,在人脸特征提取方面仍显不足。鉴于此,提出多核Fisher判别分析法,即通过将多个单核Fisher判别得到的投影进行加权组合得到加权投影,以加权投影为依据进行特征提取和分类。实验表明,在进行人脸特征提取和分类时,多核Fisher判别分析法优于单核Fisher判别分析法。     

Capitalize on dimensionality increasing techniques for improving Face Recognition Grand Challenge performance

This paper presents a novel pattern recognition framework by capitalizing on dimensionality increasing techniques. In particular, the framework integrates Gabor image representation, a novel multiclass Kernel Fisher Analysis (KFA) method, and fractional power polynomial models for improving pattern recognition performance. Gabor image representation, which increases dimensionality by incorporating Gabor filters with different scales and orientations, is characterized by spatial frequency, spatial locality, and orientational selectivity for coping with image variabilities such as illumination variations. The KFA method first performs nonlinear mapping from the input space to a high-dimensional feature space, and then implements the multiclass Fisher discriminant analysis in the feature space. The significance of the nonlinear mapping is that it increases the discriminating power of the KFA method, which is linear in the feature space but nonlinear in the input space. The novelty of the KFA method comes from the fact that 1) it extends the two-class kernel Fisher methods by addressing multiclass pattern classification problems and 2) it improves upon the traditional Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA) method by deriving a unique solution (compared to the GDA solution, which is not unique). The fractional power polynomial models further improve performance of the proposed pattern recognition framework. Experiments on face recognition using both the FERET database and the FRGC (Face Recognition Grand Challenge) databases show the feasibility of the proposed framework. In particular, experimental results using the FERET database show that the KFA method performs better than the GDA method and the fractional power polynomial models help both the KFA method and the GDA method improve their face recognition performance. Experimental results using the FRGC databases show that the proposed pattern recognition framework improves face recognition performance upon the BEE baseline algorithm and the LDA-based baseline algorithm by large margins.     

Face recognition using kernel scatter-difference-based discriminant analysis

There are two fundamental problems with the Fisher linear discriminant analysis for face recognition. One is the singularity problem of the within-class scatter matrix due to small training sample size. The other is that it cannot efficiently describe complex nonlinear variations of face images because of its linear property. In this letter, a kernel scatter-difference-based discriminant analysis is proposed to overcome these two problems. We first use the nonlinear kernel trick to map the input data into an implicit feature space F. Then a scatter-difference-based discriminant rule is defined to analyze the data in F. The proposed method can not only produce nonlinear discriminant features but also avoid the singularity problem of the within-class scatter matrix. Extensive experiments show encouraging recognition performance of the new algorithm.