高速高精度电主轴温升预测模型

提出高速高精度电主轴温升预测模型,将有限元模型与试验数据相结合,精确预测不同工况下电主轴的温度场。建立电主轴流场、温度场有限元模型,分析冷却系统及润滑系统参数对电主轴温度场的影响;考虑电主轴运行速度、载荷,设计电主轴损耗测试方法,将测得的电主轴总损耗作为计算电动机、轴承生热依据;考虑冷却系统、润滑系统参数及环境条件对换热系数的影响,采用最小二乘算法,基于电主轴表面温度测试数据,优化电主轴换热系数,并将优化后的换热系数作为有限元模型的边界条件。建立170SD30-SY电主轴温升预测模型,将换热系数优化前后的温度场仿真数据分别与试验数据对比。结果表明,换热系数优化后的温升预测模型预测的精度提高了4.78%,提出的电主轴温升预测模型有较高的预测精度。     

高速加工中心电主轴热态特性研究

高速加工过程中,由电机生热及滚动轴承的摩擦生热而引起的电主轴的温升及热变形是影响加工中心精度的关键因素.对高速加工中心电主轴的热态特性进行了分析研究,详细论述了电主轴内部两大热源的生机理以及电主轴单元的传热机理最后总结并提出了改善电主轴单元热态特性的措施.     

基于接触热阻的磨齿机电主轴热特性分析

大规格数控成形磨齿机高速电主轴系统在加工过程中产生大量热量,导致砂轮主轴产生相应热变形,影响加工精度。针对这一现象,提出了一种考虑接触热阻的瞬态热-结构耦合分析方法。该方法基于分形理论,利用W-M分形函数表征结合面接触状态,使用均方根测度法对分形参数进行识别。结合基体热阻和收缩热阻的影响计算结合面间总接触热阻,并计算热源发热量及各部件的对流换热系数,建立了综合考虑内部热源、边界条件和接触热阻的综合有限元模型,获得热误差仿真结果。分析电主轴温度及热变形在是否考虑接触热阻情况下变化差异。最后建立电主轴系统热误差测量试验平台,通过试验验证了该方法的准确性和可靠性。通过仿真得到温度及热位移量与实验值基本一致。     

Dynamic modeling for thermal error in motorized spindles

This paper proposes a new modeling methodology to predict thermal error in motorized spindles. The dynamic model predicts thermal errors that are caused by deformation in the motorized spindle structure due to heat flow from internal sources. These thermally induced errors become more serious and dominate the total error when it comes to high speed and high precision. If these thermal errors can be predicted, they can be compensated in real time. In this paper, a new thermal errors model (ARX model) is presented which capitalizes on the notion that the motorized spindle thermoelastic system has very complicated dynamics. Furthermore, the selection principle of temperature key points, which are indispensable for building a robust thermal error model, is provided using the thermal error sensitivity technology. At last, an experiment on the thermal error in a motorized spindle is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the ARX model, the experimental results show that above 80 % of axial thermal errors are predicted for a variety of motorized spindle cycles and the dynamic model has good accuracy and robustness.     

超精密光学磨床主轴的温度场分布及其优化设计

为了提高所设计的超精密光学磨床精度和提高温度场分析的准确性,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS和热力学理论,分析了超精密光学磨床主轴的温度场分布。首先,建立自由电子气模型,计算出自主设计的超精密光学磨床主轴材料的热导率;进而研究分析不同结构、不同环境下机床主轴的温升规律;最后,提出了基于热力学分析结果的一系列主轴结构优化方法,采取对主轴和点接触件进行优化设计,减小热源与主轴之间的接触面积等方法,减小机床主轴的热变形,从而提高超精密光学磨床的精度。     

一种新型低温热管传热性能的试验研究

对某内部一体式吸液芯结构的低温热管进行了一系列试验研究,主要分析了该型热管水平工况下不同加热功率及工作温度对其轴向温度分布、最大温差、当量导热系数、总热阻以及蒸发/凝结传热系数的影响。研究结果表明:该型热管元件在-30~0℃的工况下具有较好的均温特性和传热能力,适用于对恒温特性有一定要求的0~40W的小功率热量传输场合。     

基于不平衡系数对地埋管热短路的评价与分析

在热响应试验的基础上,通过FLUENT建立单U型竖直地埋管系统的三维非稳态数值模型。引入热短路不平衡系数作为评价热短路现象强弱的指标,分析了回填土导热系数、管内流速、系统井深和运行方式对地埋管热短路现象的影响。模拟结果表明,回填材料导热系数和系统井深与热短路不平衡系数成正比;流速与热短路不平衡系数成反比,而且对热短路现象强弱影响最大;采用间歇运行可以提升系统换热效率,但不能缓解热短路现象。     

Thermal error prediction of motorized spindle for five-axis machining center based on analytical modeling and BP neural network

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - To ensure the stability of precision of the motorized spindle for five-axis machining center, the thermal error of five-axis machining center was...     

基于ANSYS Workbench的高速电主轴模态分析及其动特性实验

介绍了电主轴的主要结构,并以260XDJ 12型车铣复合加工中心用电主轴建立有限元模型,应用ANSYSWorkbench对电主轴进行模态分析,得到其固有频率、振型以及临界转速.并通过激振试验对分析结果进行实验验证,实验结果验证了电主轴设计的合理性.     

高速立式加工中心电主轴的温升测试及分析

针对高速立式加工中心电主轴内置电动机的特点,分析了电主轴产生温升的热源。通过设计与搭建电主轴试验平台,采用DH5922动态信号测试分析系统,选择热电阻适调器组成的检测系统,完成了电主轴的温升测试试验。通过对试验结果的分析,验证了电主轴温升产生的原因,并提出了相关对温升进行实时监控的措施。     

Thermal influence of the Couette flow in a hydrostatic spindle on the machining precision

Hydrostatic spindles are increasingly used in precision machine tools. Thermal error is the key factor affecting the machining accuracy of the spindle, and research has focused on spindle thermal errors through examination of the influence of the temperature distribution, thermal deformation and spindle mode. However, seldom has any research investigated the thermal effects of the associated Couette flow. To study the heat transfer mechanism in spindle systems, the criterion of the heat transfer direction according to the temperature distribution of the Couette flow at different temperatures is deduced. The method is able to deal accurately with the significant phenomena occurring at every place where thermal energy flowed in such a spindle system. The variation of the motion error induced by thermal effects on a machine work-table during machining is predicated by establishing the thermo-mechanical error model of the hydrostatic spindle for a high precision machine tool. The flow state and thermal behavior of a hydrostatic spindle is analyzed with the evaluated heat power and the coefficients of the convective heat transfer over outer surface of the spindle are calculated, and the thermal influence on the oil film stiffness is evaluated. Thermal drift of the spindle nose is measured with an inductance micrometer, the thermal deformation data 1.35 μm after running for 4 h is consistent with the value predicted by the finite element analysis's simulated result 1.28 μm, and this demonstrates that the simulation method is feasible. The thermal effects on the processing accuracy from the flow characteristics of the fluid inside the spindle are analyzed for the first time.     

Analysis of collapse in flattening a micro-grooved heat pipe by lateral compression

The collapse of thin-walled micro-grooved heat pipes is a common phenomenon in the tube flattening process, which seriously influences the heat transfer performance and appearance of heat pipe. At present, there is no other better method to solve this problem. A new method by heating the heat pipe is proposed to eliminate the collapse during the flattening process. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated through a theoretical model, a finite element(FE) analysis, and experimental method. Firstly, A theoretical model based on a deformation model of six plastic hinges and the Antoine equation of the working fluid is established to analyze the collapse of thin walls at different temperatures. Then, the FE simulation and experiments of flattening process at different temperatures are carried out and compared with theoretical model. Finally, the FE model is followed to study the loads of the plates at different temperatures and heights of flattened heat pipes. The results of the theoretical model conform to those of the FE simulation and experiments in the flattened zone. The collapse occurs at room temperature. As the temperature increases, the collapse decreases and finally disappears at approximately 130 ℃ for various heights of flattened heat pipes. The loads of the moving plate increase as the temperature increases. Thus, the reasonable temperature for eliminating the collapse and reducing the load is approximately 130 ℃. The advantage of the proposed method is that the collapse is reduced or eliminated by means of the thermal deformation characteristic of heat pipe itself instead of by external support. As a result, the heat transfer efficiency of heat pipe is raised.     

Utilization of heat quantity to model thermal errors of machine tool spindle

Thermal error modeling of the spindle plays an important role in predicting thermal deformation and improving machining precision. Even though the modeling method using temperature as the input variable is widely applied, it is less effective due to severe loss of thermal information and pseudo-hysteresis between temperature and thermal deformation. This paper presents a novel modeling method considering heat quantity as the input variable with theoretical analysis and experimental validation. Firstly, the change of thermal state of a metal part being heated is discussed to reveal the essence of the relationship between heat, thermal deformation and temperature, and the theoretical basis of the modeling method proposed in this paper is elaborated. Subsequently, the relationship between thermal deformation and heat quantity is further studied through modeling the thermal deformations of stretching bar and bending beam using heat quantity as the independent variable, and the stretching model is verified based on finite element method. Then, the thermal error models of the spindle are developed with the heat elastic mechanics theory and the lumped heat capacity method. In succession, the parameter identification of thermal error models is carried out experimentally using the least square method. The average fitting accuracy of these models is up to 91.3%, which verifies the good accuracy and robustness of the models. In addition, these models are of good prediction capability. The proposed modeling method deepens the research of thermal errors and will help to promote the application of relevant research results in the actual production.     

高速高性能电主轴热态性能分析

基于高速电主轴的能量流模型,应用摩擦学和电磁学理论分别计算轴承的生热率和内置电机的电磁损耗;应用传热学理论,确定电主轴的热边界条件.在此基础上建立电主轴有限元分析模型,并对其仿真分析和求解.结果表明,前端轴承、主轴前端和定子是电主轴温升最严重的部位,且在主轴运行初始阶段,温升最快.因此要改善电主轴的热态性能,不仅要在温...     

高速电主轴轴承热分析与实验研究

根据高速电主轴角接触球轴承中滚动体的运动情况,分析其受力状态,并考虑轴承预加载荷对滚动体在高速旋转状态下陀螺力矩的平衡效果,应用Palmgren经验公式计算轴承整体的摩擦热,然后依据传热学理论建立轴承的温升热模型,并用热网络法建立其热阻抗网络图,最后用120MD60Y6油雾润滑型电主轴的轴承进行试验验证.结果表明,轴承温升主要受转速、润滑油量、供气压力及载荷的影响,在主轴启动的初始阶段温升变化最快,且润滑油量和供气压力对轴承温升有一个最佳的适用范围.     

立式加工中心电主轴的热分析

分析了立式加工中心电主轴的主要发热源,对轴承的摩擦发热进行了分析计算.在此基础上利用ANSYS建立了电主轴稳态温度场有限元模型并进行了分析计算.对电主轴中关键部住的温度场分布进行了分析,最后提出了改进电主轴温度场的主要措施.     

电主轴设计的几个关键问题

论述用于立式加工中心的电主轴设计时轴承的合理选择,使用有限元分析了20 000r/min主轴的固有频率特性以及电动机和轴承发热对主轴精度的影响,完成了高速主轴单元的结构设计.     

Thermal error of a hydrostatic spindle

This paper proposes a thermo-mechanical error model of a hydrostatic spindle for a high precision machine tool. By predicting the variation of motion error induced by thermal effects on a machine worktable during machining, this model allows deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms that result in evolutions of the spindle accuracy. The heat power generated in the spindle elements and the coefficients of convection heat transfer over its outer surface have been evaluated. Then, the distribution of temperature and deformation of the spindle have been simulated by a finite element coupled thermo-elastic model, from which the influence on notably spindle stiffness variation was deduced. Experimental measurement of the thrust plate axial displacement under thermal expansion is in close agreement with the computed axial thermal expansion.     

烧结热管式新风换气装置的实验研究

新风换气装置在家庭和交通工具领域应用广泛。为提高换热效率,采用高传热性能的铜-水烧结式微热管为核心元件,设计了一种新型烧结热管式新风换气装置。对比了烧结热管与热虹吸管的工作原理,制造了实验样机,搭建了实验测试平台。模拟测试了广州冬天和夏天气候环境下新型烧结热管式新风换气装置的性能。结果表明新风的温降(升)随着新风与排风温差的增大而增大,换气装置的显热效率也随之改变,该样机的平均显热效率在冬季为68.5%,夏季为72.2%。     

Dynamic design for motorized spindles based on an integrated model

With increasing popularity in high-speed machining for its high efficiency, motorized spindles have been widely utilized in modern production facilities. Due to the combination of tools and built-in motors, the dynamic characteristics of motorized spindles are more complex compared with conventional spindles, and it is becoming necessary for engineers to thoroughly realize the influences of the system parameters to the system dynamics with considering the multi-physics coupling property. This paper presents an integrated model to study the electro-thermo-mechanical dynamic behaviors of motorized spindles. The integrated model consists of four coupled submodels as follows: bearing, built-in motor, thermal, and shaft model. Based on the proposed model, a design flow chart is developed and six design parameters are identified. The integrated model is validated experimentally and a design sensitivity analysis of the six parameters is then conducted based on a 170MD15Y20 type spindle. The results show that the integrated model is capable of accurately predicting the dynamic characteristics of motorized spindles, and the sensitivities of the six design parameters to the nature frequencies of the spindle system are obtained with and without the influence of the multi-physics coupling property. The coupling relationship among the electrical, thermal, and mechanical behaviors of the spindle system becomes clear from the results.