超声对不同铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的影响

利用自行研制的超声搅拌摩擦焊机分别对2219,7A52,LF21铝合金进行了常规搅拌摩擦焊和超声搅拌摩擦焊两种不同焊接的试验,并对常规搅拌摩擦焊与超声搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的微观组织、拉伸断口形貌进行了对比分析.结果表明,超声搅拌摩擦焊与常规搅拌摩擦焊相比热影响区几乎消失;超声搅拌摩擦焊焊缝焊核区组织比常规搅拌摩擦焊焊核区组织晶粒更加细小;断口扫描电镜图显示母材断口韧窝具有非等轴状待征,韧窝边上撕裂棱明显表明为韧性断裂;超声搅拌摩擦焊断口韧窝撕裂棱不明显;超声搅拌摩擦焊比常规搅拌摩擦焊的平均抗拉强度有所提高,但断后伸长率有所降低.     

2024-T4铝合金超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能研究

沿搅拌头方向将超声能量引入对接焊焊缝,利用超声波的振动作用,促进搅拌针周围金属原子的运动和扩散能力,能有效地细化和均匀化焊核区的金属组织,改善焊缝材料的塑性流变行为,增强焊缝底部的搅拌强度,提高搅拌摩擦焊焊接质量和焊接效率。通过对1.8 mm厚2024-T4铝合金进行平板对接焊试验,对比研究了搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头组织与性能。结果表明,超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊能有效减少焊接缺陷,并且接头强度提高了10%,超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊优越性效果明显。     

2519A铝合金超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊接试验分析

针对2519A铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)底部虚焊和弱连接等问题,通过搅拌头施加纵深超声能,形成超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊(UAFSW),进行了同种工艺条件下的FSW与UAFSW对比试验分析.结果表明,超声能的加入,使焊接区金属的塑性变形阻力降低,UAFSW焊缝整体流变区域明显增大加深,且超声能贯穿到焊缝底部,使底部流动性增强,降低了缺陷率,使焊核区连续动态再结晶过程获得的晶粒尺寸更细小,且析出的第二相更精细;UAFSW焊缝的抗拉强度达到364.62 MPa,为母材抗拉强度的79.25%,比FSW焊缝提高4.10%,平均屈服强度则显著提高10.98%,但断后伸长率有所降低.     

超声振动对6061-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能的影响

利用自主研制的试验装置,通过工具头将超声振动能量施加在搅拌头前方的待焊工件上,研究了超声振动能量对减少焊接缺陷、改善搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和力学性能的影响.对6 mm厚度6061-T4铝合金板进行了超声振动强化搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验,并与相同工艺条件下的常规搅拌摩擦焊进行了对比.结果表明,超声振动能够减小焊速/转速比较大时的焊缝内部隧道型缺陷,增大材料对接混合区宽度和焊核区体积,细化焊核区和热力影响区微观组织,提高接头抗拉强度和焊核区显微硬度.     

超声振动对6061-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能的影响

利用自主研制的试验装置,通过工具头将超声振动能量施加在搅拌头前方的待焊工件上,研究了超声振动能量对减少焊接缺陷、改善搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和力学性能的影响.对6 mm厚度6061-T4铝合金板进行了超声振动强化搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验,并与相同工艺条件下的常规搅拌摩擦焊进行了对比.结果表明,超声振动能够减小焊速/转速比较大时的焊缝内部隧道型缺陷,增大材料对接混合区宽度和焊核区体积,细化焊核区和热力影响区微观组织,提高接头抗拉强度和焊核区显微硬度.     

2219-T4铝合金双轴肩FSW与常规FSW接头性能对比研究

对常规搅拌摩擦焊和双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊技术进行了比较,试验材料为6 mm厚2219-T4铝合金.对两种焊缝的微观结构、显微硬度和力学性能进行了测试.结果表明双轴肩焊缝的宏观形貌与常规搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的不同,呈哑铃型.且由于双轴肩焊接的热输入量较高,其接头的显微硬度和力学性能普遍低于常规搅拌摩擦焊接头.双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头的抗拉强度可达到常规搅拌摩擦焊接头的90%.     

激光同轴辅助搅拌摩擦焊的激光加热特性研究

在研究激光在空心搅拌头内传热行为的基础上,将激光同轴辅助搅拌摩擦焊过程分为搅拌头插入焊缝前、插入焊缝原位旋转以及沿焊缝前进3个阶段,采用接触式和非接触式测温手段获取搅拌头以及焊缝的温度场,对激光加热特性进行研究。研究结果表明:激光能量在小孔内的分布并不均匀,近3/4的激光能量集中在小孔的底部;激光功率越高,搅拌头温度上升越快,峰值温度也越高;细孔底部对应的搅拌针外表面温度最高,轴肩处温度明显下降;复合焊接在靠近焊缝中心处的温度要明显高于常规FSW,激光在搅拌头插入焊缝前预热,能够更加快速地提高焊缝温度。在一定焊接工艺参数下,加入激光能够消除常规搅拌摩擦焊焊缝中的孔洞,不会改变焊缝横截面的组织分布。     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头的疲劳性能

通过疲劳寿命试验、断口和金相组织观察,研究了2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的疲劳断裂特征,分析讨论了搅拌摩擦焊焊接过程中产生的焊缝根部"吻接"缺陷对其疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,焊缝根部"吻接"缺陷是影响搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳行为的主要因素.无"吻接"缺陷试样断裂于焊缝前进边侧,疲劳裂纹起源于焊缝底部,接头具有较高疲劳寿命;有"吻接"缺陷试样断裂于焊核中心,疲劳裂纹起源于"吻接"处,接头疲劳寿命较短.     

铝合金双面搅拌摩擦焊初步研究

提出了双面搅拌摩擦焊这种新的焊接方法，对比研究了6K32-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊与双面搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织和硬度，并对双面搅拌摩擦焊焊缝进行了XRD分析。研究发现：铝合金双面搅拌摩擦焊与搅拌摩擦焊焊缝组织分区相同；双面搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的硬度略低于搅拌摩擦焊，且焊缝硬度下降区域范围更大；双面搅拌摩擦焊后焊缝依然保持为原有相组成；双面搅拌摩擦焊比搅拌摩擦焊焊接线能量更大，采用双面搅拌摩擦焊代替搅拌摩擦焊有利于提高焊接效率并消除焊缝隧道型缺陷、改善焊缝的性能。     

摩擦搅拌焊6061-T6铝合金焊接接头的组织与性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊对6mm厚度的6061-T6铝合金进行单道平板对接焊,研究了焊接接头的力学性能和组织.结果表明,转速较小时,焊接接头会出现明显的搅拌摩擦焊接特有的“螺旋体”断口,其接头性能不高;随着转速的提高,接头性能得到改善.X射线衍射分析结果表明,焊缝组织中由于搅拌温度而引起部分强化相的重溶.透射电镜的研究结果表明,焊缝中的主要增强相依然为β”.     

附加超声对6061-T6铝合金/Q235钢搅拌摩擦焊搭接工艺优化

采用超声振动强化搅拌摩擦焊接工艺实现了6061-T6铝合金和Q235钢异种金属的有效连接,考察了超声能量对焊缝成形、接头组织、力学性能以及焊接载荷的影响.结果表明,施加超声能量可以显著改善焊缝表面成形,增加铝/钢界面区和焊核区的宽度.超声振动细化了焊核区和热力影响区的晶粒组织,改变了搭接接头的断裂机制和断裂位置,提高了...     

Macrostructures and mechanical properties of ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding joint of 2024-T3 aluminium alloy

In friction stir welding of aluminum alloys, tunnel defect may occur due to insufficient plastic material flow caused by lower heat input in the weld region. The inadequacy in heat input is due to improper selection of friction stir welding tool and process parameters. Ultimately, such defects degrade the properties of weld and may pose serious concerns towards the integrity and safety of the weld component. In order to improve the properties of weld joints, an ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding device has been configured where ultrasonic energy is transferred from an ultrasonic unit directly into one of the workpieces near the tool. Using this configuration, ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding was conducted on 6 mm thick 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheets. The macrostructure and mechanical properties of these welds were compared with the welds of this alloy prepared by conventional friction stir welding using identical process parameters. The results show that the welding speed can be increased while satisfactory weld quality is still ensured. The ultrasonic energy transferred in this configuration could enlarge the volume of weld nugget zone. Also, the influence of ultrasonic energy on the suppression or elimination of the tunnel defect is quite apparent. However, any beneficial effects of ultrasonic vibration on the tensile strength and the elongation of the joint were less obvious in this configuration.     

Ultrasonic welding of heat-treatable aluminium alloy A6061 sheet

In this study, the authors applied the ultrasonic welding method to weld A6061 heat treatable aluminium alloy and investigated the effects of clamping load and welding time on the properties of the weld. In addition, in order to improve the strength of the joint, the effectiveness of the ethanol droplet on the faying surface was examined. The following results were obtained.

The joint strength increased with clamping load and welding time. The fracture of the joint produced under the welding conditions of 1176 N clamping load and 1.5 s welding time occurred in the base metal. The ethanol droplet on the faying surface successfully produced the joint with a strength equivalent to that of the base metal under the welding conditions of smaller clamping load and shorter welding time than the case without ethanol droplet. The softening around the welded area that was performed with the ethanol droplet was smaller than that in the welded area produced by other methods such as TIG and friction stir welding. The fracture surface of the joint welded with the ethanol droplet was remarkably irregular and rough. A dimple pattern was observed over a wide area, indicating that the welded area was significantly expanded. The ethanol droplet made the temperature of the weld area higher than that without ethanol, resulting in improved joint strength with an increase of the plastic deformation at the interface.     

搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的研究现状与展望

搅拌摩擦焊由于其固相连接的特点,在进行铝合金的搭接焊接时,原始搭接界面会随着金属流动而形成迁移界面,从而对焊缝性能造成影响。在此通过对现有文献中搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的研究内容进行分析,对搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头性能的影响因素及其影响原因进行了综述,并在此基础上展望了搅拌摩擦焊搭接焊的研究方向。     

Mechanical properties of underwater friction stir welded 2219 aluminum alloy

Underwater friction stir welding of 2219 aluminum alloy was carried out in order to further improve the joint performances by varying welding temperature history. The results indicated that the tensile strength of the joint can be improved from 324 MPa by external water cooling action in normal to 341 MPa. However, the plasticity of the joint is deteriorated. The underwater joint tends to fracture at the interface between the weld nugget zone and the thermal mechanically affected zone on the advancing side during tensile test, which is significantly different from the normal joint.     

异种材料的搅拌摩擦焊技术

进行了铝合金与工业纯铜、铝合金与低碳钢的搅拌摩擦焊接实验.实际焊接了对接接头、丁字接头、搭接接头,观察了焊接接头组织,测量了接头性能.结果表明,用搅拌摩擦焊方法代替熔化焊方法焊接异种材料,可以获得组织致密、无缺陷的接头,接头强度较高,且工艺适应性、结构适应性较好,焊接工艺参数、各组元在焊缝金属中的比例等对形成良好的焊缝有重要的影响.     

Comparison of 2A12 aluminium alloy joint by ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding and friction stir welding

Ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding （UAFSW） is a recent modification of conventional friction stir welding, which adds ultrasonic energy directly into the friction stir welding area by the pin. In this study, 2A12 aluminum alloy was welded by this process and conventional, respectively. The tensile tests, microstructure and fracture surface of FSW joint and UAFSW joint were analyzed. The research results show that the surface forming texture of ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding joint, compared with conventional, is finer and more uniform, showing metallic matte color. The grains are much finer in weld nugget zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat-affected zone; S-phase particles size is much smaller and distribution is more homogeneous in the matrix. The tensile strength of UAFSW joint is 94. 13% of base metal, and the elongation is 11.77%. The tensile strength of FSW joint is 83.15% of base metal, and the elongation is 8.81%. The tests results reveal that ultrasonic vibration can improve the tensile strength and the elongation of welded joints.     

2519铝合金角接结构的搅拌摩擦焊

利用自行研制的搅拌摩擦焊机采用一种搅拌摩擦焊外侧角接的新方法对厚度为22 mm的2519铝合金进行了角接焊接试验,并对焊缝的微观组织、硬度等进行了分析.分析了搅拌针断裂原因及得出其断裂方式为剪切断裂.结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊外侧角接焊接的方法能够有效地进行角接焊接;合理的焊接工艺和搅拌针形状是焊接的关键;旋转频率在30～4...