电力需求侧管理在安徽电网的应用前景分析

电力需求侧管理主要通过技术手段、财政手段、诱导手段和行政手段实现 ,可有效提高用电效率和系统运行经济性。根据近几年安徽电网运行状况 ,提供了一组典型数据 ,分析了电力需求侧管理在安徽电网的应用前景 ,同时对实行电力需求侧管理存在的一些问题进行了讨论     

用户侧能效评估模型的研究

旨在对电力客户的能效状态进行有效评估,通过管理和技术手段实现输配用电环节的节能降耗。运用系统工程的分析方法,建立了电力客户综合能效评估指标体系,通过G1组群判断法和熵权法,建立递阶综合评估模型,分析评估结果可以有效针对企业能效薄弱环节,制定科学节能方案,充分挖掘节能潜力。结果表明,该方法计算快捷,可靠性高,具有较强的实用性。     

市场环境下发电侧与需求侧备用资源联合优化

在双侧开放的市场环境下,发电侧备用容量和需求侧可中断负荷都可作为系统的备用容量。建立电网公司或独立系统运营商(independent system operator,ISO)最优潮流和备用市场的联合优化模型,引入了电量不足期望值(expected energy not supplied,EENS)的发电系统可靠性指标,同时考虑了备用响应时间对系统可靠性指标的影响。在满足一定的EENS指标、保证系统可靠性的前提下,实现了系统的总运行费用最小化,有效协调了系统的安全性和经济性。算例表明,多种备用资源参与备用市场有利于能源的合理利用、备用容量的优化配置以及市场运营效率的提高。     

Complex supply orders with ramping limitations and shadow pricing on the all-European day-ahead electricity market

Power suppliers potentially have several complicated economic and technical characteristics which can make their daily trading quite difficult on European power exchanges (PXs). The generally considered answers to this predicament are the invention and subsequent introduction of specific supply order types. The integration process of European PXs is ongoing, and the proposed common market is specified to incorporate a particular set of complex supply order types, some of which consider the case of bidders with binding load gradient conditions. A computationally efficient market clearing formulation is presented to implement these orders according to original specifications by bringing over useful elements e.g. shadow prices from American PXs.     

电力需求侧供配电系统节电措施

针对电力有效供给不足而终端电能利用效率较低的现状,就企业电力无功补偿、变压器经济运行、削峰填谷降低电力需量等节电技术进行了论述。无功补偿可以提高功率因数,变压器的经济运行可以最大限度地降低变压器的电能损耗,需量控制能够降低企业最大峰值负荷,降低生产成本。通过这些措施可以有效地提高电能利用率。     

加强需求侧管理,缓解电力供需矛盾

电力需求侧管理(DSM)是一项涉及政府、电力企业和用户的系统工程。以国内外需求侧管理取得的经验和良好效果为依据,对电力需求侧管理的涵义、可行性、技术手段、当前实施需求侧管理存在的问题及解决对策作了研究和探讨,如果能够切实加强电力需求侧管理,实行有效的技术和政策支持,就完全可以合理利用现有电力容量缓解全国电力供需矛盾的不利局面。     

A novel domestic electric water heater model for a multi-objective demand side management program

This paper presents a novel domestic hot water heater model to be used in a multi-objective demand side management program. The model incorporates both the thermal losses and the water usage to determine the temperature of the water in the tank. Water heater loads are extracted from household load data and then used to determine the household water usage patterns. The benefits of the model are: (1) the on/off state of the water heater and temperature of the water in the tank can be accurately predicted, and (2) it enables the development of water usage profiles so that users can be classified based on usage behaviour. As a result, the amount of ancillary services and peak shaving that can be achieved are accurately predictable and can be maximized without adversely affecting users.     

Unified power flow controller models for three-phase power flow analysis

In this paper, three models of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) suitable for three-phase power flow analysis in polar coordinates are presented. The symmetrical components control model can be used to control the positive-sequence voltage of the shunt bus and the total three-phase active and reactive power flows of the transmission line while the injected shunt voltages and the series voltages are balanced, respectively; the general three-phase control model can be used to control the three shunt phase voltages and the six independent active and reactive power flows of the transmission line; the hybrid control model can be used to control the positive-sequence voltage of the shunt bus and the six independent active and reactive power flows of the transmission line. The proposed UPFC models were successfully implemented in a three-phase Newton power flow algorithm in polar coordinates. In the implementation of these UPFC models, transformers of some common connection types, which connect the UPFC with the network, are explicitly represented. Numerical results based on a five-bus system and the modified IEEE 118-bus system are given to illustrate the UPFC control models and demonstrate the computational performance of the three-phase Newton power flow algorithm.     

需求侧参与下电网公司购电的离散混合优化模型

如果电力系统的备用容量完全由发电机组来承担,可能会产生长期"备而不用"的问题,这不仅会造成资源的浪费,也会导致电网公司购电成本的增加.通过综合考虑电能市场和备用市场的电力交易,研究了需求侧用户以可中断负荷的方式和发电侧共同参与备用市场的问题,建立了电网公司购买电能和备用容量的离散混合优化模型,给出了详细的求解算法.通过求解该模型可给出电能市场和备用市场的交易价格及中标机组或用户的交易量.算例结果表明本模型可为电网公司寻求最优购买方案提供辅助决策支持.     

金融危机背景下电力市场发电侧挑战与机遇

从中国电力市场的发展现状入手,深入分析了当前电力体制和经济环境下发电侧所面临的电力需求下降和产能过剩的问题,最后提出了解决方法和建议.     

Analysis of the demand charge in DC railway systems and reduction of its economic impact with Energy Storage Systems

In addition to energy consumption, DC railway operators must also pay for the demand charge. This term of the electricity bill has not been studied in detail in the literature and penalizes power peaks. The big fluctuations on the power demand which characterize railway systems make the demand charge important for railway operators. This paper studies the impact of the demand charge on DC railway systems and proposes a solution based on Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) to reduce it. An analysis of the main parameters of the ESS regarding the reduction of the demand charge is provided, as well as an explanation of the effects of different control strategies on the system performance. Most of the savings obtained with the installation of ESSs come from the reduction in the energy consumption; nevertheless, the savings coming from the reduction in the demand charge are significant and contribute to the economic viability of the investment.     

Incorporating stability and resilience in energy policy for the U.S. power sector: Recommendations for the Trump administration

With the impending transition in energy policy, the inevitability of political transitions should be accounted for in order to avoid an unsustainable shift in policy that is short-lived and introduces uncertainty for the U.S. power sector. A policy correction rather than an outright reversal can offer a middle ground for energy-environmental centrists to sustain pragmatic energy policy through political transitions, and engagement in international climate talks independent of the administration’s position on climate change.     

On a new approach for the simulation of transients in power systems

This paper presents a new simulation tool named EMTP-RV. EMTP-RV is a completely new program with a new graphical user interface and a new computational engine. The simulation uses a new matrix formulation for computing load-flow, steady state and time-domain solutions. Theoretical advantages are emphasized and demonstrated through practical examples. An open-architecture graphical user interface (GUI) is developed to maximize flexibility and allow creating and maintaining complex designs.     

湖北电网2007年短路电流水平及限制措施

随着湖北电网规模的扩大、容量的上升,如何有效控制系统内不断上升的短路电流水平已成为摆在网内电力科技工作者面前的重要研究课题.结合湖北电网的发展规划,根据基于PSASP程序的2007年湖北电网短路电流计算结果,对湖北电网结构、短路电流增长原因及其带来的问题进行分析,提出限制短路电流的主要技术措施.     

Design and allocation of power system stabilizers using the particle swarm optimization technique for an interconnected power system

In this paper, three particle swarm optimization (PSO) based power system stabilizers (PSSs) are developed for three power systems. The system under study here is a power pool consisting of 3 power systems. System I represents the Egyptian power system, system II represents the Jordan and Syrian power systems, and system III for the Libyan power system, which are originally self standing and completely independent systems. As a matter of fact each of them should equipped with its own PSS. For this reason this work is started by designing an optimum power stabilizer for each of them standing alone. After which, the developed PSSs are firstly installed one at a time. Then the three PSSs are installed together in the interconnected power system and their effect on its dynamic performance is studied.As a test for stabilization efficiency, the detailed power system model is subjected to a forced outage of a 600-MW generator, which is the biggest unit in the pool, when it is fully loaded. This outage results in loosing of about 3% of the spinning capacity of system I and about 2% of the spinning capacity of the whole interconnected system. The obtained results show an improvement in the power pool performance accompanied with an improvement in the inter-area oscillation.     

能源互联网中用电与需求侧管理商业模式研究

智能电网与传统电网最大的不同点之一就是支持互动用户服务和需求侧响应,鼓励用户参与电网互动,这不仅有利于电网的运行和控制,还将进一步提升电力供应商的客户服务水平。通过智能用电技术的应用,以用户价值为核心,电力供应商可以开创新的业务模式,实现用户与电网互联互动以及创新的用户服务。能源互联网的建立,将进一步拓展能源市场的深度和广度,为能源生产、输送、供应、服务企业带来更多的市场机会,也为能源用户带来更加完善和丰富的用能体验,同时也有利于建立环境友好和低碳的能源利用形态。     

Oscillation behaviour of the European interconnected power system in a deregulated energy market

Contents Targetted power system simulations were carried out to analyse slow inter-area oscillations sporadically occurring in the European power system and to investigate suitable, easily applicable countermeasures. To obtain application-oriented results the investigations are based on a detailed power system dynamic model which reproduces the UCTE and the CENTREL network area-wide with the same exactitude. Received: 10 August 2001/Accepted: 14 August 2001     

Evaluating the impact of uncertain parameters in power system dynamic simulations

There are typically uncertain parameters in power system models. This paper presents a computational method for evaluating the effect of parameter uncertainty on the dynamic behaviors of power systems. The effect of parameter uncertainty is represented by system trajectory or performance bounds around nominal values. Based on the notion of optimal power flow with transient stability constraints, a set of nonlinear optimization problems is formulated to determine the upper and lower bounds of system trajectories. A successive linear programming approach is suggested to solve these nonlinear optimization problems. The proposed method is evaluated by several test systems. The results show that the proposed method is valid and potentially useful in quantifying the effect of parameter uncertainty in power system dynamic simulations.     

The restoration of an electric power system: International survey and discussion of possible innovative enhancements for the Italian system

The present paper reports the main results of a comprehensive international survey that, on behalf of the Italian independent system operator, the authors have carried out into the main strategies, critical issues and practical experiences related to the restoration plans of a wide set of deregulated systems worldwide. For many ISOs, people directly involved in designing, testing and updating restoration plans have been contacted and interviewed, in order to focus general issues and to outline common improvement trends.