离子液体阻燃聚合物研究进展

离子液体作为添加剂提高聚合物性能表现出诸多优势.综述了几年来功能化离子液体提高聚合物材料阻燃性能的研究进展.具体讨论了聚合过程中离子液体固化行为机理对提高阻燃性能的研究;总结了离子液体以及离子液体结合无机材料阻燃聚合物研究进展.最后展望了离子液体在阻燃聚合物的应用和研究方向.     

离子液体在可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合中的应用

离子液体具有优良的物理化学性能,受到研究者的广泛关注.近年来,有关离子液体在可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合反应中的应用有大量的研究报道.作为溶剂,离子液体能溶解一些较难溶解的聚合物,如纤维素和壳聚糖等,可以为聚合反应提供较好的反应环境;作为单体,通过RAFT聚合可制备出聚合离子液体均聚物或带有聚合离子液体链段的嵌段聚合物,可以应用于燃料电池电解质膜、太阳能电池、催化、分离及吸附剂等领域;离子液体还可以作为表面活性剂,应用于RAFT的乳液聚合或细乳液聚合,有效地稳定和控制聚合物颗粒大小.从溶剂、单体和表面活性剂方面出发,简单总结了离子液体在RAFT聚合反应中的应用.     

离子液体与相关聚合物电解质研究进展

论述了近年关于离子液体的种类、合成方法及其特性的研究进展 ,应用离子液体或在单体中引入其结构可制得聚合物电解质 ,有些离子液体及相关聚合物电解质具有良好的电化学等性质 ,显示了广阔的应用前景。     

聚离子液体的合成及其在吸附分离领域中的应用 研究进展

聚离子液体(PILs)能结合离子液体与聚合物的优点,兼具优异的机械稳定性、加工性、离子导电性和化学相容性等,近年来受到学术界的广泛关注.介绍了聚离子液体的分类及合成方法,综述了聚离子液体在吸附分离领域的应用,并对聚离子液体的发展进行了展望.未来有关聚离子液体的研究中,化学结构与性能之间的构效关系、新型聚离子液体的合成及其应用将是聚离子液体的重要发展方向.     

室温离子液体在材料合成中的应用

室温离子液体的物理和化学性质相对稳定,具有结构可调的特性.作为一种新功能材料广泛用于材料合成领域.根据离子液体在材料合成中的不同作用,本文从离子液体作为反应溶剂、模板剂、电解液、以及同时作为溶剂和模板剂这4个方面介绍了其在材料合成中的应用研究进展.     

聚合物负载离子液体研究进展

综述了近几年国内外聚合物负载离子液体的研究进展,根据聚合物载体的种类,分别归纳总结了碳链型聚合物、杂链型聚合物、有机元素型聚合物、无机盐高分子负载离子液体的制备,并讨论了其在有机合成、分离工程、电化学等方面的应用。     

离子液体在电池中的研究与应用新进展

离子液体由于具有热稳定性好、不挥发、电导率高、不燃烧、电化学窗口宽等特点,其作为新一代功能电解质材料在电池体系中的应用成为当前研究的热点。综述了近几年国内外离子液体电化学性能的研究进展,并结合离子液体在电池领域的应用,叙述了离子液体作为电池新型绿色材料的最新研究进展。     

一类新型绿色环保的介质材料--咪唑类离子液体

室温离子液体已成为绿色环保材料领域研究的热点之一.本文简述了咪唑类室温离子液体的制备方法,分析了结构与性能的关系,介绍了咪唑类离子作为液体绿色环保介质材料在化学反应、分离过程和电化学领域中的一些应用.     

离子液体在聚合物质子导电材料中的应用研究进展

以Nafion为代表的全氟磺酸水化膜是目前聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)中最常用的质子交换膜(PEM),但此类膜的质子导电性能强烈依赖于水,由水的冻结或蒸发会使其失去质子导电性能。离子液体具有接近零的蒸汽压、低熔点、较宽的电化学窗口,将离子液体引入PEM体系可望大大扩展PEM的工作温度范围,提高其电导率。文中对近年来离子液体在聚合物质子导电材料中的应用进行了综述,并对其研究发展前景作了展望。     

聚离子液体作为吸附材料的研究进展

聚离子液体(Polymeric ionic liquid,PIL)兼具离子液体和聚合物的双重优点,克服了离子液体在吸附过程中无形貌、高粘度、难回收及其使用中易流失等问题。通过聚合物设计和制备,不仅可以得到各种结构、尺寸和形貌的PIL材料,还可以提高PIL中离子液体功能基团的利用率。因此,PIL作为一类新型的高分子吸附材料迅速成为分离领域的热点。在介绍PIL的性质、分类和主要合成途径的基础上,总结了国内外近年来PIL在水相吸附中的研究进展。主要讨论了不同聚合物结构,如线性、超支化、交联结构等,对PIL吸附有机吸附质的影响,并分析了PIL功能基团与不同吸附质之间的相互作用机制,如离子交换、静电作用、氢键以及π-π堆叠等。最后,总结了离子液体功能基团和吸附剂结构与PIL吸附效果之间的关系,并对PIL吸附材料的发展进行了展望。     

基于离子液体的聚合物材料化学解聚研究进展

综述了近年来离子液体环境下高聚物材料化学降解回收相应产品的研究现状,重点介绍了聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)、聚乳酸(PLA)、尼龙6(PA6)及聚乙烯(PE)等材料在离子液体环境下的化学降解方法,同时分析了各种方法的优缺点。最后对离子液体用于聚合物化学降解行为的发展前景进行了展望。     

Hydrophobic ionic liquid-in-polymer composites for ultrafast,linear response and highly sensitive humidity sensing

Traditional ionic liquids are sensitive to humidity but with long response time and nonlinear response.Pure liquid-state ionic liquids are usually hard for dehydration which have ultralong response time for humidity sensing.The immobilization of ionic liquids provide a possible way for high performance humidity sensing.Hydrophobic materials and structures also promised faster response in humidity sensing,because of easier desorption of water.In this work,we prepared flexible humidity sensitive composites based on hydrophobic ionic liquid and polymer.The combination of hydrophobic ionic liquid with hydrophobic polymer realized linear response,high sensitivity with low hysteresis to humidity.By adjusting the ratio of ionic liquid,not only the impedance but also the hydrophobicity of composite could be modulated,which had a significant influence on the humidity sensing performance.The morphology and microstructure of the material also affected its interaction with water molecules.Due to the diverse processing methods of polymer,highly transparent film fabricated by spinning-coating and nanofibrous membrane fabricated by electrospinning could be prepared and exhibited different response time,which could be used for different application scenarios.Especially,the fibrous membrane made with electrospinning method showed an ultrafast response and could distinguish up to 120 Hz humidity change,due to its fibrous structure with high specific surface area.The humidity sensors with ultrafast,linear response and high sensitivity showed potential applications in human respiratory monitoring and flexible non-contact switch.To better show the multifunction of ionic liquid-polymer composite,as a proof of concept,we fabricated an integrated humidity sensitive color change device by utilizing lower ionic liquid content composite for sensing in the humidity sensing module and higher ionic liquid content composite as the electrolyte in the electrochromic module.     

离子液体在高分子合成中的应用

离子液体作为一种"绿色溶剂",具有很多独特的物理化学性能,可以应用于自由基聚合、阳离子聚合、配位聚合、电化学聚合等反应体系。本文阐述了离子液体的特点及合成方法,介绍了离子液体在高分子合成中的应用。     

Ionic liquids confined in porous matrices: Physicochemical properties and applications

Ionic liquids are emerging as important materials for applications in electrochemical devices, green chemistry etc. For device applications, ionic liquids are generally, either incorporated in polymer matrices or confined in porous matrices (giving rise to an interesting class of materials ‘Ionogels’). This review deals with the science and technological applications of ionic liquids confined in nano-pores. A comprehensive overview is given about the experimental studies dealing with the changes in the physico-chemical properties of ionic liquids like thermal phase transition, stability, dynamical behavior, optical properties etc. Recent theoretical studies highlighting the layering and structural heterogeneity of ionic liquids confined in nano-pores are also discussed. To make the review self-reading, basic ideas about ionic liquids and the phenomena of confinement are also briefly included.     

25th Anniversary Article: “Cooking Carbon with Salt”: Carbon Materials and Carbonaceous Frameworks from Ionic Liquids and Poly(ionic liquid)s

This review surveys recent work on the use of ionic liquids (ILs) and polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) as precursors to synthesize functional carbon materials. As solvents or educts with negligible vapour pressure, these systems enable simple processing, composition, and structural control of the resulting carbons under rather simple and green synthesis conditions. Recent applications of the resulting nanocarbons across a multitude of fields, such as fuel cells, energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors, catalysis, separation, and sorption materials are highlighted.     

Examination of ionic liquids and their interaction with molecules, when used as stationary phases in gas chromatography.

Stable room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been used as novel reaction solvents. They can solubilize complex polar molecules such as cyclodextrins and glycopeptides. Their wetting ability and viscosity allow them to be coated onto fused silica capillaries. Thus, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and the analogous chloride salt can be used as stationary phases for gas chromatography (GC). Using inverse GC, one can examine the nature of these ionic liquids via their interactions with a variety of compounds. The Rohrschneider-McReynolds constants were determined for both ionic liquids and a popular commercial polysiloxane stationary phase. Ionic liquid stationary phases seem to have a dual nature. They appear to act as a low-polarity stationary phase to nonpolar compounds. However, molecules with strong proton donor groups, in particular, are tenaciously retained. The nature of the anion can have a significant effect on both the solubilizing ability and the selectivity of ionic liquid stationary phases. It appears that the unusual properties of ionic liquids could make them beneficial in many areas of separation science.     

利用离子液体制备无机气凝胶的研究进展

气凝胶具有三维纳米多孔网络结构,独特的结构使它具有低密度、高比表面积和高孔隙率等性质以及低热导率、低介电常数和低声传播速率等性能,在隔热、介电、隔声、催化、吸附等领域具有广阔的应用前景.然而,溶剂-凝胶法作为目前制备气凝胶最成熟、应用最广的技术,需要使用大量的有机溶剂,严苛而危险的超临界干燥工艺进一步推高了成本,限制了气凝胶的大规模工业化生产和应用,因此,降低成本和在常压干燥条件下制备高比表面积的块状气凝胶是气凝胶产业急需解决的问题.离子液体被称为21世纪的绿色溶剂,具有低蒸气压、低表面张力、高催化性和高溶解性等特殊性质.离子液体与气凝胶材料的发展几乎同步,但直到2000年两种材料才产生交集.离子液体作为模板剂具有微观结构导向作用,使纳米孔结构均一化,其不挥发性和低表面张力保证了老化和常压干燥过程中纳米孔结构不会因毛细管力而坍塌破坏,另外其催化作用可以缩短凝胶时间.因此,离子液体为常压干燥合成气凝胶提供了新的工艺路线.目前,有关借助离子液体制备 SiO2气凝胶、TiO2气凝胶、SiO2-TiO2复合气凝胶、炭气凝胶等无机气凝胶的探索均已展开,其中制备 SiO2气凝胶的研究最多,涉及工艺、微观结构、掺杂和应用等方面.通过常压干燥可获得比表面积高达677 m2/g 的块状气凝胶,通过选用不同的离子液体还可以控制纳米孔的微观形貌,所得 SiO2气凝胶产物在电化学、生物、吸附等领域有较高的应用潜力.利用离子液体替代有机溶剂可以使得到的TiO2气凝胶不经煅烧即含有锐钛矿相,通过金属原子 Ag、Fe、Ge等掺杂改性,可进一步提高锐钛矿相的结晶度,提升其光催化性能.利用离子液体制得的 SiO2-TiO2复合气凝胶具有一定强度和良好的光催化活性.此外,除在传统的溶胶-凝胶法中用作模板剂或催化剂外,离子液体还可作为新型的炭源用于制备炭气凝胶,即通过熔盐法高温炭化裂解离子液体"自上而下"直接制备.这种方法可以制备杂原子在原子水平上均匀分布的功能化炭气凝胶,无需制备有机气凝胶前驱物,极大缩短制备周期,并且炭气凝胶产物的比表面积相对更高,得到了科研界的广泛关注.     

Using hydrophilic ionic liquids as a facile route to prepare porous-structured biopolymer scaffolds

A simple new methodology to preapre 3-dimensional (3D) porous scaffold of biodegradable polymer was exploited by using hydrophilic types of ionic liquids. The mixture of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and ionic liquid within dichloromethane solvent was phase-separated during the solvent evaporation, after which the ionic liquid phase was selectively extracted to provide interconnected macropores. The pore sizes of the PLA scaffold were highly dependent on the types of ionic liquids (anion variant), ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers, and the porosity reached to ~ 85-95%. The ionic liquid-directed technique to prepare porous structure reported for the first time herein will be highly effective in the development of polymer skeletons for tissue engineering biomaterials. In addition, the ionic liquids recovered by a simple extraction with ethanol or water can be reused for subsequent runs without the loss of its physicochemical properties.     

Hofmeister-Effect-Guided Ionohydrogel Design as Printable Bioelectronic Devices

Bioelectronic platforms convert biological signals into electrical signals by utilizing biocatalysts that provide tools to monitor the activity of cells and tissues. Traditional conducting materials such as solid conductors and conducting polymers are confronted with a great challenge in sophisticated production processes and mismatch at biological tissues–machine interfaces. Furthermore, the biocatalyst, the key functional component in the electron-transfer reaction for bio-signal detection denatures easily in an ionic conductive solution. Herein, a bionic strategy is elaborately developed to synthesize an ionohydrogel bioelectronic platform that possesses extracellular-matrix-like habitat by employing hydrated ionic liquids (HILs) as ionic solvent and bioprotectant. This strategy realizes an integration of ionic and enzymatic electronic circuits and minimization of the disparities between tissues and artificial machines. The Hofmeister effect of HILs on enzyme proteins and polymer chains ensures the high bioactivity of the enzymes and greatly improves the mechanical properties of the ionohydrogels. Moreover, hydrogen bonds formed by ILs, water, and polymer chains greatly improve the water-retention of the ionohydrogel and give it more practical significance. Consequently, the promising ionohydrogel is partly printed and fabricated into wearable devices as a pain-free humoral components monitor and a wireless motion-sensor.