基于压缩感知的正交频分复用信道估计方法

传统的信道估计方法未充分利用信道的稀疏性。利用信道冲激响应的稀疏特性,提出了将FOCUSS(Focal Underdetermined System Solver)压缩感知算法应用到信道估计中,从均方误差和正确检测率方面分别与传统最小二乘估计和正交匹配追踪压缩感知信道估计相比较。仿真结果表明,本文算法的均方误差较小,正确检测率较高,能够以较少的导频信号获得好的估计性能。     

CoSaMP改进算法在信道估计中的应用

压缩采样匹配追踪CoSaMP(Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit)算法作为压缩感知中信道估计比较具有代表性的算法之一,一直无法解决如何获取信道的稀疏度问题。为了解决该问题,提出一种利用峰值信噪比PSNR同迭代次数之间的关系而构造的一种改进算法。该算法可以自适应确定迭代次数,从而有效地提高CoSaMP算法的效率,增加了CoSaMP算法在实际信道估计中的可行性。     

OFDM稀疏信道估计中改进的OMP算法

针对传统的最小二乘（LS）算法需要导频数多而估计精度不高、正交匹配追踪（OMP）算法估计效果好但计算复杂度高的缺点,从硬件实现的角度出发,提出一种基于动态门限的OM P信道估计算法,对OFDM 的信道响应进行估计。该算法可减少OM P算法寻找匹配向量时向量运算的次数。仿真结果表明,与LS算法相比,该算法使用较少的导频,获得了很好的信道估计性能;与OM P算法相比,该算法显著减少了计算复杂度和运算时间。     

基于平滑l0范数的OFDM系统稀疏信道估计

信道估计是无线通信系统的关键技术.为了提高信道估计的精确性,针对现有压缩传感的信道估计算法需预先知道信道稀疏度的问题,提出了一种新的基于压缩传感理论的正交频分复用系统信道估计平滑l0范数(Smoothed l0 Norm,SLO)算法,并引入双曲正切函数对SL0算法进行改进.仿真结果表明,在相同条件下,与传统最小二乘(LS)以及匹配追踪(MP)和压缩采样匹配追踪(CoSaMP)算法比较,改进算法收敛速度快,估计值均方误差小,降低了系统复杂度.     

基于OMMP算法的OFDM系统信道估计

针对基于压缩感知的信道估计中常用的正交匹配追踪算法(OMP),为提高算法效率提出一种其改进型算法———正交多重匹配追踪(OMMP)。该算法相比较于OMP算法通过在每次迭代中选择多个最匹配原子,达到更快速收敛的目的。通过实验仿真两种算法在不同信道径数下的估计性能和运行时间发现,在信道径数较大的情况下,OMMP算法的估计性能与OMP算法相当,且效率更高。由此可见OMMP算法有着一定的实际应用价值。     

基于压缩感知改进算法的MIMO-OFDM稀疏信道估计

结合压缩感知理论（CS）,针对压缩采样匹配追踪算法在多输入多输出正交频分复用（MIMO_OFDM）系统信道估计应用中需要利用信号稀疏度的先验条件,而实际中稀疏度又难获得的情况,提出一种信号稀疏度自适应的压缩采样改进匹配追踪算法（CoMSaMP）。该算法采用具有理论支撑的原子弱选择标准作为预选方案,并设置首次裁剪阈值来减少算法多余的迭代,降低算法在信道估计中的复杂度,裁剪方式的改进保证了重构精度的提高,最终实现MIMO-OFDM稀疏信道估计中信号的稀疏度自适应。仿真结果表明：与原算法相比,该算法在同等信噪比条件下具有更优的信道估计性能,从而提高了频谱利用率,同时降低了复杂度,在稀疏度较高时,提出的算法具有更好的对噪声的抗干扰能力。     

基于压缩感知的信道估计技术

通信系统中的传统信道估计方法均基于多信道密集型假设,导致频谱利用率低下,压缩感知理论为解决这一问题提供了一种新的途径。本文介绍了压缩感知基本理论,探讨了压缩感知应用于信道估计的可行性,详细分析了压缩感知信道估计技术的MP算法、OMP算法、CoSaMP等几种重构算法。研究表明基于压缩感知理论的信道估计方法能利用较少的导频信号达到与传统方法相比拟的估计性能,从而提高频谱利用率。     

改进的压缩采样匹配追踪算法

针对压缩采样匹配追踪( CoSaMP)算法重构精度相对较差的问题,为了提高算法的重构性能,提出了一种基于伪逆处理改进的压缩采样匹配追踪( MCoSaMP)算法。首先,在迭代前,对观测矩阵进行伪逆处理,以此来降低原子间的相干性,从而提高原子选择的准确性;然后,结合正交匹配追踪算法( OMP),将OMP算法迭代K次后的原子和残差作为CoSaMP算法的输入;最后,每次迭代后,通过判断残差是否小于预设阈值来决定算法是否终止。实验结果表明,无论是对一维高斯随机信号还是二维图像信号,MCoSaMP算法的重构效果优于CoSaMP算法,能够在观测值相对较少的情况下,实现信号的精确重构。     

基于小波树模型的CoSaMP压缩感知算法

无线传感网络存在网络带宽限制和传感器节点的能耗问题,实际应用中通常希望可以通过重构算法从采集的少量数据中还原出原始信息,压缩感知理论为上述问题提供了一个解决思路。利用压缩感知理论,对无线传感器网络中温度传感器的监测信号进行了压缩感知的应用研究。针对传统压缩采样匹配追踪(CoSaMP)算法中测量次数多、重构精度低等问题,利用信号的小波系数所形成的连通树的结构特性,提出了基于小波树模型的压缩采样匹配追踪算法。将该算法应用到无线传感器网络监测信号的压缩感知仿真实验中,与传统压缩采样匹配追踪算法的重构性能进行比较,结果表明该算法较传统压缩采样匹配追踪算法在一定范围内对无线传感器网络中的温度信号具有更好的压缩感知性能。     

OFDM系统稀疏信道估计研究

由于许多通信系统的信道具有稀疏多径的特性,因此可以将信道估计问题归结为稀疏信号的恢复问题。提出一种新的基于压缩感知理论的正交频分复用系统信道估计方法,采用稀疏度自适应匹配追踪压缩感知算法对OFDM信道时域脉冲响应进行估计。克服了现有基于压缩感知理论的信道估计方法需要预先知道信道冲激响应稀疏度才能重构信道参数的不足,在信道稀疏度等信道先验知识未知情况下可得到较好的信道估计性能,降低系统复杂度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.